Development of Canva Application-Based Motion Audio-Visual Media For The Creative Thinking Skills of Grade X Students at SMAN 1 Parigi Utara

ABSTRACT


Introduction
The current era of globalization also affects the implementation of education, this is certainly a challenge for teachers as educators to be able to produce student outcomes that are able to use life skills.The ability of life skills will certainly produce competent resources like the world community in the 21st century (Fauzi, Jumaela, Rohmiyati, & Nasrudin, 2022).
The 21st century has a very big change in the world, and Indonesia is no exception.The widespread change of thought especially in the flow of information and technology has been felt in this century.Humans know the 21st century as the century of knowledge which makes it the main foundation in various aspects, especially in social life.The 21st century thinking pattern emphasizes students to be more 4C thinking, able to integrate all knowledge with real life, understand technology, and information and be proficient in communicating and collaborating (Rama, Putra, Huda, & Lapisa, 2022).
The improvement in the quality of education can be seen from the change in the curriculum, namely K13 towards an independent curriculum.The independent curriculum is a new program implemented by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia which is based on inequality and the low quality of education in Indonesia, with the existence of an independent learning program, it is hoped that students will have good quality and quality education.The quality of education must exist to overcome problems and challenges that will arise in the future (Side, Muzakir, Pebriani, & Utari, 2021).
The presence of this independent learning curriculum also aims to answer the challenges of education in the era of revolution 4.0 where in its realization it must support critical thinking and problem-solving, creative & innovative skills, and skilled in communicating and collaborating for students, besides that the use of appropriate learning media is also needed (Risdianto, 2019).
Audio-visual motion media is a teaching material that combines visual and audive used to stimulate the child's sense of sight and sense of hearing.Audiovisual media is a type of media that contains elements of images that can be seen and listened to.Audiovisual media include video recordings, various sizes of films, sound slides, and so on.The benefit of motion audio-visual media is as a tool to facilitate communication and interaction between teachers and students so that the learning process can run smoothly and efficiently (Wahidah, Anggraini, & Afida, 2023).
SMAN 1 Parigi Utara is located in Parigi Moutong Regency and is a State High School (SMAN) and the only public high school located in the North Parigi Region (Festiyed, Asrizal, & Desnita, 2023).Students of SMAN 1 North Parigi, especially class X, have low creative thinking skills, this is shown based on observations made by researchers on July 17, 2023, it was found that SMAN 1 North Parigi students have low creative thinking skills, which is around 40% who fall into the category of quite creative, this is in accordance with the results of interviews conducted that there are still some students who have not been able to solve problems by providing Various answers during discussion, there are still students who have not been able to solve problems by providing other ways from different points of view, then students are not able to solve problems in new ways and students have not been able to develop ideas or ideas to solve problems in detail (Zakiyah & Sudarmin, 2022).
The school at SMAN 1 Parigi Utara teachers use learning media in the form of textbooks, laptops, and infocus.The teacher has difficulties during the teaching and learning process, namely there are still about 60% of students who do not focus on learning and even go in and out of class during class hours, causing many students whose scores do not reach completeness where the KKM standard at the school is 80, so the teacher often provides repetition opportunities to students who do not achieve completeness scores (Fauziah, Rahayu, & Asri, 2023).
Research conducted by (Saryadi & Sulisworo, 2023), with the research title "Development of E-Module Based on the Discovery Learning to Improve the Student Creative Thinking Skills" explains that the use of appropriate learning media affects students' creative thinking and communication skills.The use of appropriate learning media can be one of the efforts that can be done by teachers that are useful for the implementation of good learning.
Overcoming these problems, an interesting learning medium is needed, so that students' creative thinking skills increase.The selection of media to be used must be appropriate and appropriate to be applied, researchers choose Canva application-based motion audio-visual media in the form of animated learning videos that can help students have enthusiasm and interest in learning.The selection of motion audio-visual media is based on the consideration that in current learning conditions a suitable media is needed to be applied to students, because the current conditions of students have minimal creative thinking and science communication skills and also saturation with media previously applied by teachers.

Research Methods
This research is R&D (Research and Development) research.That is using development and research that produces products (Sugiyono, 2018).The development method applied to this research is 4D Thiagarajan.The 4D models include define, design, develop and dissiminate and use quasi-experimental methods.The data analysis used is media validity analysis, limited trial analysis, and practicality analysis.

Canva App-Based Motion Audio Visual Media Validity Analysis
Canva application-based motion audio-visual media validation data is obtained from the results of validation by lecturers with validation sheet instruments, then it can be analyzed using the formula: V-ah = TSe x 100% Tsh Information: V-ah : Expert Validation Tse : Total Empirical Score Achieved TSh : Total Expected Score The score categories that have been obtained can be seen in Table 3.1.Practicality analysis is obtained through teacher assessment questionnaire sheets about the practicality of using Canva application-based motion audio-visual media products in the ongoing learning process.The results of the teacher assessment are then analyzed using a formula, according to (Puspita, Wahyuni, & Yushardi, 2017) with the following formula: P = TSe x 100% Tsh Information: P = Percentage Tse = Total Score achieved Tsh = Total Maximum Score The score categories that have been obtained can be seen in Table 3.2.Testing is carried out to obtain information whether the media made by the researcher is more effective and efficient than the previous one.Media assessment or evaluation is intended to find out whether the media created can achieve the goals that have been set or not.Trials are very important to obtain data on the quality of learning videos in the form of canva application-based motion audio-visual media for teachers and students of grade X MIPA at SMAN 1 North Parigi which has been developed.The results of the student assessment are then analyzed using a formula, according to (Akbar, 2013) with the following formula: Percentage : Number of scores obtained X 100 Maximum Number of Scores The score categories that have been obtained can be seen in Table 3.3.Analysis of students' creative thinking skills is obtained through tests.Researchers used test questions in the form of essays consisting of 10 questions to see the level of students' creative thinking ability.These questions are made based on indicators of creative thinking ability.Each question in this creative thinking ability test consists of 4 weights.The weight will be converted to a scale of 100 by dividing the number of weights obtained by the student by the maximum number of weights multiplied by 100.As for the formula used as follows: Score = ∑gain weight x 100 ∑Maximum weight In this case, each score obtained by students will be used to see the criteria for the level of creative thinking ability.The criteria for the classification of creative thinking ability assessment scores can be seen in Table 3.4.

Results and Discussion
The results of research that has been conducted regarding the development of Class X Canva Application-Based Motion Audio Visual Media at SMAN 1 North Parigi using the 4D model development method consisting of 4 stages, namely Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate are further explained as follows: a. Define Based on the observations that have been carried out, the learning used in learning biology at SMAN 1 Parigi Utara is still in the form of printed textbooks for students and the methods used in learning biology still use the lecture method, making it difficult for students in this case which causes a decrease in student interest and concentration.Furthermore, material analysis At this stage, material analysis is carried out that requires learning media in the form of audiovisual movements.This relates to material placed on moving audiovisual media.At this stage, environmental pollution is chosen as the material.The main research material presented in Canva applicationbased audio-visual motion media on environmental pollution material made by researchers is understanding, types, factors, impacts, solutions that can be done to overcome environmental pollution.Then analyze the learning outcomes.Learning outcomes refer to the goals achieved in the learning process.This includes the knowledge, skills, attitudes and abilities that students must acquire after completing learning.The analysis of learning outcomes of SMAN 1 Parigi Utara refers to a minimum completeness standard of 80 points and a grade standard.The score is calculated from daily assignment scores, daily tests, and final exam scores.The results are processed and adjusted to KKM, and corrections are made if the value continues to be below standard.So far, there are still many students at SMAN 1 Parigi Utara school who have not achieved their final grades.Only about 40% of students do not complete KKM scores, and it is expected that these students can achieve complete scores.

b. Design
Researchers developed learning media products in the form of mobile audiovisual media based on the Canva application regarding environmental pollution.The developed media consists of the initial part consisting of making a cover containing the researcher's biodata and the delivery of material to be discussed in the video that has been made, then a thank you note addressed to the supervisor and examiner, then the learning objectives consisting of the purpose of making the video, then the sub-discussion in the form of materials related to environmental pollution.This content section consists of making the contents of materials related to environmental pollution consisting of air, water, soil, and sound pollution.Furthermore, there are several quizzes that are useful for testing students' understanding of the material displayed in the learning videos that have been made.This section includes making conclusions on learning videos to provide a summary of the material that has been delivered in the video, in addition to conveying important points, the essence of learning, and the main message to be conveyed to the viewers of the video with the conclusion, viewers can gain a clearer understanding of the material that has been delivered and can remember important information.c.Development At the product development stage, the development of motion audio-visual media based on the Canva application is carried out which is designed first in the Canva application.This stage consists of several steps as follows: a. Video Creation This development stage is carried out making learning videos in accordance with the design that has been made.The display of learning videos that have been made by researchers can be seen through Figures 4. 1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8.
1) Initial Section research are in the form of suggestions or input by experts and then followed up by researchers with improvements.The purpose of validation is to find out whether or not the product that has been developed is valid.At this stage the validator provides an assessment as well as input and suggestions for the improvement of learning media devices and instruments that the researcher has compiled, after that the researcher makes improvements according to the input suggestions given by the validator so that the developed product can continue the next stage of testing.The validation results are then averaged and the results are adjusted to the predetermined category.The following is the validation of the media that has been created:

1) Data from Canva application-based motion audio-visual media validation by content experts
Validation of Canva application-based motion audio-visual media by content experts was carried out by 2 experts who are experts on aspects of environmental pollution material content.Data from the validation of Canva application-based motion audio-visual media by content experts can be seen in Table 4. Table 4.

Results of Canva App-Based Motion Audio Visual Media Validation by Content Experts 1) Data from Validation of Creative Thinking Ability
Validation of the ability to think creatively was carried out by 2 experts.Data from the validation of creative thinking skills by experts can be seen in Table 3.5.Table 5 shows the validation results of creative thinking skills in biology learning which obtained percentage results of 100% which can be categorized as very valid.

2) Data from Canva application-based motion audio-visual media validation by content experts
Validation of Canva application-based motion audio-visual media by content experts was carried out by 2 experts who are experts on aspects of environmental pollution material content.Data from the validation of Canva application-based motion audio-visual media by content experts can be seen in Table 3.6.The results of the validation of motion audio-visual media by content experts get a percentage result of 86% and are categorized as very valid.
2) Data from Canva application-based motion audio-visual media validation by design experts The validation of canva application-based motion audio-visual media by design experts was carried out by 2 experts who are experts on aspects of canvabased motion audio-visual media.Data from the validation of Canva applicationbased motion audio-visual media by design experts can be seen in Table 3.7.The results of the validation of motion audio-visual media by development experts get a percentage result of 85% and are categorized as very valid.

c. Limited Trial
A limited trial was conducted by asking for an assessment of Canva application-based motion audio-visual media products to grade X C students at SMAN 1 North Parigi.The results of a limited test of canva application-based motion audio-visual media on biology learning at SMAN 1 North Parigi can be seen in Table 7.

d. Practicality Test
Assessment of the practicality of canva application-based motion audiovisual media is given to teachers in the field of Biology which aims to determine the level of ease of content of teaching media and the suitability of digital media in learning Biology of environmental pollution materials by referring to the assessment of (Puspita et al., 2017).Data on the results of practical assessment by Biology Teachers can be seen in Table 3.10.Table 10 is the result of an assessment of media practicality which obtained a percentage value of 87.5% which can be categorized as very practical if used in biology learning.

e. Dissemination
The dissemination stage was carried out by testing the effectiveness of Canva application-based motion audio-visual media on students' creative thinking skills in biology learning.Student Creative Thinking Ability Test Results: Data on students' creative thinking skills were obtained from the test results of grade X A and X B students using 4 points of creative thinking skills questions given to students to determine the improvement of students' creative thinking skills after implementing motion audio-visual media based on the Canva application.Theresults of the analysis of students' creative thinking skills can be seen in  Table 11 shows the value of creative thinking ability of students in grades X A and X B have different ability values.Class X A obtained an average score of 70.6 while class X B obtained an average score of 84.4 for data on the results of students' creative thinking skills.Table 12 is the result of the effect size test for the problem of creative thinking ability in class X A obtained an average pre-test value of 63.542 with a standard deviation value of 19.571 and a post-test of 70.573 and a standard deviation value of 12.432 with an effect size value of 0.42 medium category while class X B obtained an average pretest score of 63.542 and standard deviation of 19.571 while the post-test mean value of 84.375 and standard deviation value of 8.653 then the effect size value of class X B is 1.37 which can be categorized as very large for the complete analysis can be seen in appendix 35.

Discussion:
The research conducted aims to develop canva application-based motion audiovisual media to improve students' creative thinking skills that are valid, practical and effective in biology learning at SMAN 1 North Parigi.
Canva application-based motion audio-visual media and research instruments before being implemented in biology learning are carried out validity tests to produce valid products and instruments.Validation / feasibility test, serves to find out whether or not a product is valid with certain criteria.Canva application-based motion audio-visual media is declared very valid development and suitable for use in biology learning.
Research instruments consisting of test instruments for students' creative thinking skills and questionnaires on students' science communication skills were also tested for validity and categorized as very valid.The validation of the creative thinking ability test instrument obtained an average percentage value of 100% and the validation of the student science communication ability questionnaire instrument obtained an average percentage value of 95.1%, in the validation of the student science communication ability questionnaire, the validator lecturer gave several suggestions to be used as revision material in the form of sentence preparation must be adjusted and the correct use of EYD.(Nurafni, Pujiastuti, & Mutaqin, 2020) explained that the developed product must pass the validation or assessment stage by experts to provide an assessment of the development product and suggestions for improvement and to design teaching materials that have been changed based on expert advice and will be tested to students.
Canva application-based motion audio-visual media on environmental pollution materials are included in the very valid category.This is in accordance with the results of the analysis of motion audio-visual media based on the Canva application showing percentage results with an average value of 86%.The validator lecturer also provided several suggestions related to Canva application-based motion audio-visual media on environmental pollution material as revision material for researchers in the form of color suitability, text size, and image size.
A limited trial will be held on November 15, 2023 involving 10 students at SMAN 1 North Parigi selected from low, medium and high abilities, this ability selection was carried out by biology teachers at SMAN 1 North Parigi.The flow of limited trial implementation consists of 3 stages, namely: introduction of motion audio-visual media based on the canva application, trial of motion audio-visual media based on the canva application and filling out a limited trial questionnaire.The results of limited trials show that the Canva application-based motion audio-visual media that is being developed is included in the very interesting category with a percentage value of 86%.This proves that Canva application-based motion audio-visual media is very interesting to use in the learning process.This means that the design of the learning media is liked by students both in terms of completeness of content and appearance, so that it can be used in schools where trials are tested.This is in line with the research of Satriani et al., (2023), in their research on the development of android-based economic learning media with a codular platform on introductory material in economics for grade X students at SMAN 1 Balung Jember Regency, stated that the developed economic learning media is interesting with a limited percentage of trials is 86% with very interesting criteria.
The analysis of the questionnaire on the implementation of this learning media was assessed by observers, namely biology teachers, obtained an average percentage of 87.5% with very practical criteria.This shows that Canva application-based motion audio-visual media is very practical to use in biology learning.Hidayat, et al., (2021), in their research on "The Practicality of Calculus Learning Videos for Physics in the Online Learning Process during the Covid-19 Pandemic".states that learning videos are very practical to use and facilitate future learning.
Effectiveness tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the developed media on improving students' creative thinking and science communication skills.This effectiveness test is carried out after all meetings have been completed.The effectiveness test is seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test and the effect size of Cohen where the average pre-test score of class X A for creative thinking skills obtained by students is 63,542 and the average post-test score obtained by students is 70,573, while class X B obtained an average pre-test score of 63,542 and the average post-test score which is 84,375, this shows that the value of creative thinking ability of class X B is higher than class X A.
The results of the test of students' creative thinking and science communication skills from the two classes showed differences due to the use of different learning media, where class X A uses powerpoint while X B uses motion audio-visual media based on the Canva application, so it can be concluded that the better the learning media used, the better the results will be obtained.
The results of the creative thinking ability test from the two classes show differences due to the use of different learning media, where class X MIPA A uses powerpoint while X MIPA B uses motion audio-visual media based on the Canva application so it can be concluded that the better the learning media used, the better the results will be obtained.
The average value of effect size cohen obtained for the ability to think creatively class X A is 0.42 with medium criteria while class X B obtained an effect size value of 1.37 with very large criteria, this shows that canva application-based motion audio-visual media is effectively used on environmental pollution materials to improve the creative thinking ability of grade X students at SMAN 1 North Parigi Canva application-based animated video media on style and motion material can increase motivation and learning achievement and is suitable for use in the learning process and this learning animation video has a significant influence on student learning outcomes.Hapsari &;Zulherman, (2021).
The results of this study also support empirical evidence from previous research researched by Anggriani, et al., (2022), with the research title "Development of Biology Creative Video-Based Teaching Materials on Excretory System Materials for Class XI High School Students".This research was conducted at SMAN 2 Mataram.Based on the results of data analysis, the feasibility assessment was carried out with material and media validation tests by validators.Material expert validation is carried out by 2 validators, media validation is carried out by 1 validator.Material expert validation was carried out in 2 stages, stage 1 obtained a value of 0.86 with a high category, stage 2 obtained a value of 0.91 with a high category.Media expert validation obtained a score of 0.93 in the high category.The practicality assessment conducted by 10 students at SMAN 2 Mataram obtained a score of 99.25 percent in the high category, so that teaching materials based on biology creative videos on excretory system material are suitable for use in the learning process.
Motion audio-visual media will be the presentation of a learning technique to students that becomes more complete and optimal.This media is said to be a combination of audio and visual media or commonly called complete media.This motion audio-visual learning media can display images and sounds at the same time, which contains learning messages.
This is in accordance with the statement of Kimiati & Prasetyo (2019), that the use of audiovisual media in biology learning gets a good response from students.This means that the use of audiovisual media is interesting for students and is able to help students understand the material.
In addition to audiovisual media, there are other factors that affect the ability to think creatively and communicate science.This is because the ability to think creatively and also science communication is not only influenced by learning media factors, but there are factors outside the media that influence, one of which is self-condition (Dalilan & Sofyan, 2022).
The advantage of using Canva application-based motion audio-visual media is that teaching materials will become clearer in meaning so that they can be better understood by students, and allow students to master learning.In addition, the teaching and learning process will become more varied and learning will attract students' attention so as to improve students' creative thinking and science communication skills.

Conclusion
The development of motion audio-visual media based on the Canva application can be done using a 4D model, namely from Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate, and also conduct validation tests, limited trials, practical tests on the media that has been created.
Canva application-based motion audio-visual media developed is effectively used in biology learning to improve students' creative thinking skills as seen from the average value of the Cohen effect size obtained which is 1.37 with very large criteria.

Figure
Figure 1 Opening Cover

Table 7 Results of Canva App-Based Motion Audio Visual Media Validation by Design Experts
carried out by 2 experts who are experts on aspects of canva-based motion audio-visual media.Data from the validation of Canva applicationbased motion audio-visual media by development experts can be seen in Table3.8.

Table 4 Results of Limited Test of Canva Application-Based Motion Audio Visual Media in Biology Learning at SMAN 1 North Parigi
Table 9 is a limited test result of canva application-based motion audiovisual media in biology learning at SMAN 1 North Parigi obtained a percentage result of 86% and can be categorized as very interesting if used in biology learning.