The Effect of The Determination of Plant Quarantine Installations and Inline Inspections On The Acceleration of Agricultural Commodity Exports In The Working Area of The Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center

ABSTRACT


Introduction
Export activities are one of the main activities in international trade and encourage a country to be more open to World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations.Each country measures its national trade performance from export performance (Anita & Hidayat, 2020).According to the Financial Services Authority (OJK), a surplus trade balance is the difference in the value of exports higher than the value of a country's imports in a certain period of time.Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, during 2022 the cumulative export value of Indonesia increased by 26.07 percent, reaching US$ 291.98 billion compared to the same period in 2021.This shows that export performance is growing well and supports Indonesia's economic growth achievement target in 2022 (Irawan & Ningsih, 2020).
Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity, this makes capital for the country to develop development in agriculture with superior commodities as a fulfillment of domestic needs and for export commodities (Figueiredo, 2016).Facing the global market and realizing the competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market, the Ministry of Agriculture is played by the Agricultural Quarantine Agency and delegated to the technical implementation unit related to the provision of sustainable agricultural resources to ensure food security (Oktaviani, 2016).The implementation of these functions is carried out through import and export supervision and certification activities, verification and audit of conformity of technical requirements, as well as determination of areas/areas and quarantine certification between areas (Yanti, 2010).
According to Minister of Agriculture Number 1 of 2017, Inline inspection is a plant quarantine action on agricultural commodities carried out by Plant Quarantine Officers during the production process or part of the production process in the context of issuing a Phytosanitary Certificate.Inspections are carried out on all sectors of agricultural products to be exported from upstream to downstream on a regular basis (Tokarick, 2014).
Export is one of the mechanisms to improve the welfare of farmers in addition to increasing the country's foreign exchange.Export is the purchase of other countries for goods made by companies in the country (Benny, 2013).Agricultural export commodities are plants, plant products, plant parts, and other commodities that are superior results for export.The Ministry of Agriculture targets improving the welfare of farmers through three strategic programs.The three programs are the provision of People's Business Credit (KUR) services, the Triple Export Movement (Gratieks) program and the establishment of the Agricultural Development Strategy Command (KostraTani).
The previous research was conducted by (Irawan & Ningsih, 2020), conducting research aimed at determining the role of agricultural quarantine in the export acceleration process in increasing the productivity of the agricultural sector of Lampung Province for the 2017-2019 period.The difference between previous research and the research being conducted lies in one of the variables used differently due to differences in location (Wang et al., 2022).
This research carries a quantitative paradigm with the aim of explanatory using hypothesis testing.The researcher aims to explain the variable relationship, namely the influence of Plant Quarantine Installation Determination and Inline Inspection on the acceleration of agricultural commodity exports at the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center (Ihsanullah & Rashid, 2017).The purpose of this study involves an analysis of the effect of Plant Quarantine Installation Determination and the Application of Inline Inspection on accelerating exports of agricultural commodities (Liu, Zhang, Li, & Zhao, 2023).This research is basic research and useful to find the effect of the Determination of Plant Quarantine Installations and Inline Inspection on increasing the acceleration of agricultural commodity exports, which is the main program of the Ministry of Agriculture (Martin, Constable, & Tzanetakis, 2016).The benefits of this research are divided into two aspects, namely theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, it is expected that this research can increase knowledge about the efficiency and speed of the export process, optimize agricultural quarantine supervision, and improve compliance with agricultural quarantine regulations (Ramadhan, 2019).

Types of Research
The type of research used in this study to test hypotheses and conduct data analysis is to use quantitative research with a positivism approach because research questions are formulated in the form of hypotheses that contain conjectures about the influence between one variable and another (Cooper & Schindler, 2014).

Data Types and Sources
This research uses secondary data, secondary data, namely service transaction data taken from the IQFast application during 2022.IQFast application is an application with Big Data that is centralized for all services carried out by the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center.The variable benchmark for IKT and Inline inspection determination is the number of certification frequencies and export values (Ghozali, 2016).

Population and Research Sample
The type of probability sampling used is purposive judgemental sampling.This method was chosen because the researcher determines the selected sample based on the personal judgment of the researcher.Thus, the sample selection process is based on the consideration and wisdom of the researcher in determining the elements that are considered most relevant and representative for the study (Zikmund & Stanton, 2017).

Data Collection Methods
In this study, secondary data collection was carried out with the following steps.First, the researcher took a list of company names registered in the determination of Plant Quarantine Installation (IKT) and Inline Inspection issued by the SAP BBKP Surabaya section.Second, elimination of companies that do not meet the criteria that have been set to be part of the determination of IKT and Inline Inspection.This step aims to determine the number of samples to be used in the study.Finally, export data and the number of export certification frequencies of companies registered in the IKT and Inline Inspection determination in 2022 are filtered to obtain data relevant to the research focus.With this method, it is expected that the secondary data collected can provide accurate information and in accordance with the research objectives regarding the effect of IKT and Inline Inspection on the acceleration of agricultural commodity exports.

Data Analysis Techniques
First, a data normality test was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.The basic concept of this test is to compare the distribution of data to be tested for normality with the standard normal distribution, which is the distribution of data that has been transformed into a Z-Score and assumed to be normally distributed.
Furthermore, in statistical analysis, there are two concepts of analytical procedures, namely parametric and non-parametric.If the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance are not met, non-parametric analyses such as the Kruskal-Wallis test can be used as an alternative to the one-way ANOVA test.
The Effect of The Determination of Plant Quarantine Installations and Inline Inspections On The Acceleration of Agricultural Commodity Exports In The Working Area of The Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center Finally, the Mann-Whitney test is used as a non-parametric test to compare two independent variables from ordinal data or interval data that are not normally distributed.

Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive statistics are used to obtain a picture of the sample to be studied.The variables used to obtain a sample picture in this study are companies registered in the Determination of Plant Quarantine Installation and In line Inspection.The number of companies registered in the Plant Quarantine Installation Determination alone is 30 companies and the number of companies registered in Inline Inspection alone is 65 companies.Further explanation on the number of companies that became the research sample is as follows:

PT. THE GIFT OF PRIMARY FORTUNE
The table above illustrates that the number of companies listed in the IKT is 30 companies.While the following is a table that illustrates the list of companies listed on the In line inspection, which is a total of 69 companies.

Hypothesis Testing
In this study, before the instrument test is carried out, it is necessary to test the variables that will be used next.A classical assumption test is a set of statistical tests used to examine the basic assumptions that must be met in regression analysis.

Normality Test
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test is a statistical method used to test whether a sample of data comes from a normal distribution.This test is based on a comparison between the empirical distribution (observed data) and the expected theoretical distribution (normal distribution).The p-value indicates the extent to which the data is normally distributed.If the p-value is greater than the established significance level (usually 0.05), then the null hypothesis is acceptable and it can be concluded that the data are normally distributed.If the p value is less than the significance level, then the null hypothesis is rejected and it can be concluded that the data are not normally distributed.Based on the table above, the significance value of p (Asymp.Sig.) is 0 while the significance value of p (Asymp.Sig) is 0.05 so it can be concluded that the residual of the regression estimate is not normally distributed because it is smaller 0.05.Because the data is not normally distributed, subsequent analyses cannot use regression analysis but use the Kruskal Wallis test.

Kruskal Wallis Test Results
The Kruskal-Wallis test is a nonparametric statistical method used to compare the averages of three or more groups derived from a population that is not normally distributed.This test is often used as an alternative to the variance analysis test (ANOVA) which is used for data that does not meet normality assumptions.The resulting statistical test is H (also known as generalized chi-square value) which has a chi-square distribution with a certain degree of freedom.The p-value indicates the extent to which there are significant differences between the groups.If the p-value is smaller than the established significance level (usually 0.05), then there is a significant difference between at least the two groups.In the table, you can see the independent variable of setting the Agricultural Quarantine Installation (IKT) as X1 and in line inspection as X2.While regular is a method other than IKT and Inline inspection which is the dependent variable (Y).The results of the Kruskal Wallis test in table 4.4 show that the mean rank value of each independent variable is the determination of Agricultural Quarantine Installation (X1) 374.38 and inline Inspection (X2) 560.08.While the value of the dependent variable with the regular method obtained a value of 300.34.It can be seen that the mean rank value of the independent variable is greater than the value of the dependent variable which indicates that it is significantly different.Then among the three independent variables and dependent variables, Inline inspection has the highest value.
If you look at the test results based on probability > significance level (α = 0.05), then Ho is accepted.Conversely, if the probability < the level of significance (α = 0.05), then Ho is rejected.
From the output table it can be seen that the value of asymp.Sig/asymptotic significance is 0.000, or probability below 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05), so Ho is rejected.Because the decision to produce H0 was rejected, it can be concluded that with a significance figure of 5% there is a real difference (significant) between the two quarantine treatment methods, namely the determination of the Agricultural Quarantine Installation and Inline inspection of export acceleration.
The results of the analysis above show that there is a significant difference between the determination of plant quarantine installations with export acceleration and inline inspection with export acceleration.With the highest inline inspection mean rank value, it can also be concluded that Inline inspection is most significantly different from IKT. accelerating services, cutting several stages of the export service process that should be carried out agricultural quarantine checks every time an export service is submitted by a service user or exporter.
The Effect of Inline Inspection on Export Acceleration In the Kruskal Wallis and Man Whitney tests carried out, it can be concluded that inline inspection has had an effect on export acceleration and is better than the method of determining plant quarantine installations.

Conclusion
The conclusion of the results showed that the Determination of Plant Quarantine Installations and In line Inspection had a positive influence on export acceleration at the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center.The first and second hypotheses, which test the influence of individual policies, are accepted.The implications of this study theoretically include the ability of quarantine policies to control the risk of spreading Plant Disturbing Organisms (OPT), increase destination countries' confidence in the quality of export products, and accelerate the export approval process through Inline Inspection.In practical terms, the results of the study can help the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center to evaluate the effectiveness of quarantine policies and encourage improvements in plant quarantine infrastructure and inline inspection systems.The existence of limitations, such as a short duration of research (1 year) and a focus on company frequency data, suggest further research to expand the research period and involve more comprehensive data to gain a deeper understanding of export services.