Framing Analysis of Alleged Blasphemy Cases by Al-Zaytun Islamic Boarding School Leaders: Panji Gumilang on Detik.com and Republika.co.id Media for the July to August 2023 Period

ABSTRACT


Introduction
Indonesia with a diverse ethnic, racial and religious background will make blasphemy issues a very sensitive issue.One of the issues currently being highlighted by the community is related to the alleged blasphemy case by the head of the AL-Zaytun pesantren, namely Panji Gumilang, where he is suspected of deviating religious practices that are not in accordance with the creed at the AL-Zaytun pesantren (Hefner, 2011).
Winda, Wahyu Widiastuti, Dionni Ditya Perdanat Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 950 Al-Zaytun is one of the pesantren located in Indramayu, West Java.Pondok Pesantren AL-Zaytun is managed by Panji Gumilang.As the Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs, Mahfud MD said, all activities and teaching and learning processes at the AL-Zaytun Islamic Boarding School are under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs.The alleged blasphemy incident in Al-Zaytun circulated in the media between June and July 2023.MUI Deputy Secretary General for Law and Human Rights Ikhsan Abdullah said the results of the Central MUI examination in 2002 showed very clearly and precisely that the Al-Zaytun Islamic Boarding School (Ponpes) developed teachings that deviated from Islamic rules and beliefs (Fealy, 2015).
It was revealed that there were practices considered deviant in the alleged blasphemy involving the head of the Al-Zaytun Islamic boarding school.Some teachings and activities that are considered odd include modification of the provisions of the Hajj, by teaching that the implementation of Hajj can be done in ponpes on 1 Muharram without the need to go to Makkah.The mixing of female and male saff during prayer, seen through a video of Eid prayers that went viral on social media, features very separate prayer rows.Heresy also includes women being allowed to attend Friday prayers, with women on par with men.Finally, there are claims that adultery can be atoned for with money, a practice expressed by Ken Setiawan, a former figure of the Islamic State of Indonesia (ISI) (Van Dijk & Kaptein, 2016).
In Islam, blasphemy sometimes occurs because it is triggered by teachings that deviate from the guidance of the Qur'an and Hadith, namely through creation, adherents, beliefs, and the practice of deviant teachings such as cults.In this regard, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in its 2007 National Working Meeting has determined the criteria for a religious sect that is considered heretical, including: 1. Denying one of the five and six pillars of Islam.2. Believing in and/or adhering to an Aqidah that is not in accordance with Islamic teachings.3. Belief in the revelation that comes after the Qur'an.4. Denying the authenticity or truth of the contents of the Qur'an. 5.The interpretation of the Qur'an is not based on the rules of interpretation.6. Denying the Prophet's Hadith as the source of the Prophet's teachings.7. Insulting, harassing or belittling prophets and apostles.8. Denial of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who is considered the last prophet and messenger.9. Change, increase or subtract the points of worship prescribed by the Shari'a, such as eliminating the five daily fardhu prayers and going to the temple for Hajj.10.Infidelity of fellow believers without syar proposition (Amin, 2017).Therefore, Panji Gumilang allegedly committed blasphemy because his teachings at the Al-Zaytun Islamic boarding school were related to these matters (van Dijk, 2020).
Because the number of Indonesian Muslims is large and Panji Gumilang is someone who is influential and plays an important role, it is considered important for both media.By means of production and reproduction of ideological values related to religion (Quadri, 2021).Religion becomes an important object in the news and has a high sociopolitical effect.In general, religion is used as a moral guide and source of comprehensive teaching.But the position of this religion is becoming increasingly central to the level of understanding of a pluralistic society consists of three kinds of shapes; fundamentalist, moderate and liberal.Each form has its own construct of religious understanding in which it requires its supporters to stand face to face.(Effendi & Prasetyo, 1998) Based on the above thoughts, it is important to conduct research related to how the media, especially Republika and Detik.compackage news related to alleged blasphemy cases committed by the leaders of Al-Zaytun Islamic boarding schools from July to August 2023.There are two research points, namely Republika and Detik.Republika is a media that focuses more on reporting on religion and prioritizes Muslims as media visitors (Freeman, 2021).While Detik.com is a news portal that sells news, making Detik.comone of the most popular digital news sites among social media users.Therefore, the two media are very interesting to be used as material for analysis of news framing about blasphemy carried out by Panji Gumilang from two different media, namely Republika and Detik.commedia.Framing analysis is used to find out the various differences in the way of writing, making headlines, and images used in a news.Differences in mass media delivery are not the result of chance; Instead, the difference arises from the decision agreed by the media.This difference in delivery, known as media framing, is the result of internal agreement among the media parties involved (Adhiarso, Utari, & Slamet, 2017).
Blasphemy generally consists of two terms: blasphemy and religion.Defamation means behavior or behavior that insults, criticizes, or even degrades.Religion, by contrast, is a form of belief based on the relationship between a servant and God (or something similar).Blasphemy generally refers to acts that offend or humiliate the beliefs of a person or group.This blasphemy can be intentional or unintentional and can be any other act, word, or form directed against religious beliefs, symbols, scriptures, and other adornments.Indonesia itself has many social differences.These differences arise from various aspects such as tribe, race, customs, and culture (Ross, 2013).
Therefore, as a good citizen, it is appropriate to maintain tolerance between fellow citizens.It means avoiding words and actions that can provoke or hurt others.Especially if it is related to other people's religion or beliefs.Blasphemy is a shameful act, Indonesia also strictly prohibits the practice and plans to sanction the perpetrators.The purpose of the article is to inform the government that severe sanctions will be imposed if citizens violate the religion or beliefs of others (Hefner, 2019).
Framing is a method used by journalists in determining perspectives and viewpoints when choosing a news topic.This viewpoint plays a role in determining the facts included, the sections emphasized or ignored, as well as the place of publication of the news.According to Gamson and Mondigliani, this concept is referred to as perspective packing, where framing is defined as a way to describe a story or a group of ideas carefully arranged, reflecting the construction of the meaning of an event with respect to its subject.(Eriyanto, 2018).
According to Mochtar Lubis, news is a true and current report about something that has happened, an opinion, an idea, an event, or anything that interests the attention of its readers (Lubis, 2013).This includes hard news, articles, columns, editorials, and features.In particular, the study analyzed hard news, soft news, and opinion news.The sentences "fulfilling the clarification invitation" and "deepening" to describe the investigation process and Panji Gumilang's participation in the process.

Catchphrases
The phrases "investigate allegations of blasphemy" and "clarify Panji Gumilang" became slogans that summarized the core elements of the news and highlighted the legal steps taken.
The repeated use of the word "clarification" frames Panji Gumilang's response as an effort to provide clarity, which has the potential to shape public perception of his willingness to respond to the allegations.

Exemplar
Panji Gumilang was presented as a focal point or example of investigation that emphasized his role as the leader of the Al Zaytun Islamic Boarding School.The focus on him serves to represent the broader issue of alleged religious defamation.
Panji Gumilang as the leader of the controversial Al-Zaytun Islamic Boarding School places him as an example who influences people's views of the institution through the actions of its leader.

Depicition Depiction of the actions of the National Police Criminal
Investigation such as issuing summonses to Panji Gumilang and planning a review of the case, portray a serious and methodical approach of law enforcement that reinforces the weight of the allegations.
This news described Panji Gumilang as the subject of investigation by Police Bareskrim.He is described as someone who will fulfill the call for clarification.
Visual Image Picture of the head of the ponpes Al-Zaytun Panji Gumilang.

Dirtipidum Images
Police Bareskrim who is being interviewed by journalists.

Roots
A report of alleged blasphemy was filed against Panji Gumilang, the head of Ma'had or Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes) Al Zaytun.This report became the basis of the ongoing legal process and became the starting point of the news.
A report of alleged blasphemy was filed against Panji Gumilang, which forms the basis of ongoing legal proceedings.Which is the basis for controversy that may affect public perception of the institution.

Appeals to Principles
The news refers to the principles of accountability and fairness by highlighting the police's intention to seek clarification from Panji Gumilang and This news shows the principle of justice and law, emphasizing that Panji Gumilang needs to provide clarification on allegations filed.conduct a thorough review of the case.This is in line with the broader principle of upholding religious sensitivity and maintaining social harmony.
As well as the commitment of the police in thoroughly investigating and the involvement of authorities such as the Ministry of Religious Affairs and MUI refers to the principles of justice and thoroughness in handling this case.

Consequences
The potential upgrade of the status of the case from investigation to investigation depends on the outcome of the case title.
The potential upgrade of the case status from investigation to investigation depends on the results of further clarification and examination.
Based on Table 1, it can be seen that the results of the study show two news from different media at deadlines that are not too far apart, namely on July 2, 2023 and July 03, 2023, with interrelated news titles which in both news discuss the Gumilang Banner which will clarify to investigate cases of alleged blasphemy.Both media outlets attempt to frame the story from their respective points of view.In Republika media, researchers took frames about legal processes and justice and Detik with his frames about Clarification and Investigation of Panji Gumilang (Patel, 2022).
Republika.co.id through the framing and reasoning stage, emphasized that the news regarding the statement refers to the principles of accountability and justice by highlighting the police's intention to seek clarification from Panji Gumilang and conduct a thorough review of the case.This is in line with the broader principle of upholding religious sensitivity and maintaining social harmony (Sukabdi, 2022).
Meanwhile, Detik.comIndonesia through framing and reasoning analysis highlighted the statement that Panji Gumilang needed to provide clarification on the allegations raised.As well as the commitment of the police in thoroughly investigating and the involvement of authorities such as (Al Rifai, 2015).
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and MUI refer to the principles of justice and thoroughness in handling cases Panji Gumilang reported to West Java Regional Police Metaphors "Gumilang banner case rises to investigation" indicates that the authorities are investigating or investigating further related events or actions involving him.And it describes situations or events that are increasingly profound or serious, as if the case had reached a higher or intensive level of research.
"Panji Gumilang reported to West Java Regional Police" The statement indicated that the actor was in the focus of legal investigations in the region.This step hints at the existence of certain allegations or allegations that trigger the initiation of reporting and the involvement of authorities in legal proceedings.The decision to report Panji Gumilang to the West Java Regional Police also reflects the seriousness of the case and efforts to uncover further facts.

Catchphrases
Panji Gumilang case rises to investigation, the headline "rises to investigation" confirms that Panji Gumilang's case is undergoing further development and is now the focus of the investigation by the authorities.This shows the seriousness in handling the case, where the investigators will conduct a more in-depth investigation to uncover the facts and potential violations of the law related.
Panji Gumilang reported to West Java Regional Police in the headline "reported" Used to assert that the reporting action was a starting point that highlighted the start of further investigations into Panji Gumilang.This creates the impression that the reporting step is having a significant impact on the development of the case and shows that the focus of law enforcement is now on the actor.Exemplar In addition to examining Panji Gumilang, the investigators have also examined four witnesses, five experts and reported witnesses.And from the results of the education found criminal acts, therefore the investigator will complete further evidence related to this.Source: Researcher's processed data, 2023.
Based on Table 2, it can be seen that the results of the study show two news from different media at the deadline of the same period, namely on July 4, 2023, with similar issues in which the two news discuss the Panji Gumilang case rising to investigation and Panji Gumilang reported to the West Java Regional Police.Both media outlets attempt to frame the story from their respective points of view (Cherusseri, 2017).
Republika.co.id through the framing and reasoning stage emphasized that the news regarding the statement that the blasphemy case involving Panji Gumilang, the leader of Framing Analysis of Alleged Blasphemy Cases by Al-Zaytun Islamic Boarding School Leaders: Panji Gumilang on Detik.com and Republika.co.idMedia for the July to August 2023 Period Ma'had Al-Zaytun, went from investigation to prosecution by the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia.From the investigation, it was revealed that there was a criminal element related to blasphemy, so further efforts needed to be made in the legal process.The case includes the examination of Panji Gumilang, witnesses, and experts, with additional evidence expected to be collected.The involvement of the Forum Pembela Pancasila (FAPP) in reporting the case, as well as the presence of Moeldoko, the Presidential Chief of Staff, added a political dimension to the controversy (Daniels, 2013).
Meanwhile, Detik.comIndonesia through framing and reasoning analysis highlighted the statement that Panji Gumilang was considered to have made noise with some of his controversies, therefore he was reported by a number of scholars from Tasikmalaya for alleged blasphemy (Sundberg, 2015).Based on Table 3, it can be seen that the results of the study show two news from different media at deadlines that are not too far apart, namely on August 1, 2023 and August 02, 2023, with similar issues in which the two news discuss related to Panji Gumilang being designated as a suspect of blasphemy.Both media outlets attempt to frame the story from their respective points of view.Republika.co.id through the framing and reasoning stage emphasized that the news regarding the statement that Panji Gumilang as a figure who faced legal consequences with emphasis on the charges and punishments he might face.
Meanwhile, Detik.comIndonesia through framing and reasoning analysis highlighted the statement of the process of determining Panji Gumilang as a suspect, emphasizing the quick action of the police, legal procedures, and Panji Gumilang's reaction during the investigation.Yang Highlights the procedural aspects of the case and adds complexity by noting Panji Gumilang's corrections to the minutes of the event.Describing the arrival of Panji Gumilang to the National Police Headquarters, highlighting the tightness of security and contrasting with his usual routine.This portrayal underscores the gravity of the situation, and has the potential to shape public perception of the seriousness of the allegations against him.

Conclusion
Republika and Detik both reported on cases of alleged blasphemy committed by the head of the Al-Zaytun ponpes in the period of July and August 2023.There were three news stories from Republika and three news from Detik media which were then analyzed using the framing model of William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani.This research has interrelated titles or contents ranging from Panji Gumilang's clarification of the alleged blasphemy case directed at him, then Panji Gumilang's reporting, continuing to his case rising to investigation and then the issue of Panji Gumilang who has been determined as a suspect of blasphemy at the Al-Zaytun pesantren.Although the issue or title has similarities and is related to each other, the way the news is presented both Republika and Detik has differences both the phrases used and others.
The difference in framing between the two media is very clear because the Republika media reported on the blasphemy case committed by Panji Gumilang as the leader of the Al-Zaytun ponpes where the news is very clearly detailed the background of the case.Meanwhile, Detik media reported a glimpse of the case.However, here the Republika media publishes less news related to blasphemy in the Al-Zaytun ponpes than the Detik media which has more news choices related to the case.The results showed that the Republika and Detik media both showed clearly that the law authorities were investigating the blasphemy case committed by the gumilang banner.However, Republika's reporting is more directed to explore the evidence of the case in order to get more information to strengthen the report on the alleged blasphemy case by Panji Gumilang so that the legal process and Justice can go smoothly.Meanwhile, Detik discussed the influence and impact of this blasphemy case on society.The reason for choosing the two media is because both have different backgrounds, Republika is a media born from the Muslim community that is more in-depth in news related to Islamic religious issues while Detik is a popular media whose reporting is neutral.