Israeli-Palestinian Conflict After Hamas Attacks

ABSTRACT


Introduction
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is still ongoing.On October 7, 2023, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict came to a head again after Hamas broke into Israeli defenses.Unexpected attacks hit Israel from various directions, both land, sea, and air.Israel that was attacked certainly did not stand still, finally Israel launched its military aggression on October 8, 2023.Israel's indiscriminate military aggression on the Gaza Strip has had a tremendous impact, as many have claimed lives and destroyed civilian settlements in Gaza.Not only residential areas were targeted by Israeli military brutality, but places of worship, schools, and hospitals were also destroyed by Israel.The victims of killings and mass slaughter of civilians in the Gaza Strip are mostly women and children.The dispute between Palestine and Israel is the longest ongoing dispute in the Middle East region that attracts a lot of attention from the international community (Pesik, 2018).
Israel's military invasion of Palestine is an attempt at genocide against Palestinian civilians.Genocide is a crime that aims to exterminate an ethnicity or nation (Turangan, 2011).The Israeli-Palestinian conflict stems from the early ideals of the Zionist movement initiated by Theodore Herzi in 1896.At the first congress of Zionism held in Bassel, Switzerland, the idea arose to establish a state for Jews, but at that time the geographical location had not been determined.Then at the second congress of Zionism in 1906, Palestine finally became the state chosen to move the Jewish people (Kumoro, 2009).
The conflict that has lasted for more than 7 decades is increasingly worrying the international community.Many opinions say that the conflict between Israel and Palestine is not just a conflict but colonizing, so that settlement cannot be done only by using conflict resolution (Widagdo & Kurniaty, 2021).Armed conflict that claims many lives is certainly not something that every party wants, but it is undeniable that this is still happening.Diplomacy has been taken to avoid military attacks, but this has never found a bright spot between Israel and Palestine (Ho, 2019).
Israel's increasingly brutal occupation and increasingly restricting Palestinians with strict rules are judged by Palestinians to be a violation of sovereignty.Palestinians do not want their territory to be absolutely claimed by Israel (Kurniyawan, 2021).The international community makes the conflict between Israel and Palestine a hot issue to be reported, not only to inform the world about what is happening, but also so that more parties can provide solutions to this conflict (Herman & Nurdiansa, 2014).The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an international armed conflict that has not found a bright spot until now.In fact, armed conflicts that have occurred in the world, such as East Timor, Kashmir, Sudan, Congo, Rwanda, and many other countries in Central Africa; in the former Yugoslavia, as well as several countries born from the former Soviet Union, such as the countries, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Afghanistan, Angola, and Cambodia, include revolutionary, counter-revolutionary, genocide, and terrorist violence in the absence of declaration of war (Putra & SIP, 2021).
Framing is an approach that explores the perspectives and viewpoints journalists use when selecting and writing news (Mulyana, 2002).Framing analysis is based on a number of principles.Journalists can apply truth standards, objectivity matrices, and certain limitations in processing and presenting news.When constructing reality, journalists also tend to incorporate their own experiences and knowledge and crystallize them into interpretive schemes (Aini & Setiawan, 2021).The purpose of this study is to find out how news portals VoA Indonesia and Deutsche Welle Indonesia frame the conflict between Israel and Palestine after the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks.

Research Methods
This research uses qualitative methods that are descriptive.Monique Henink (Haryono, 2020) explained that qualitative research is an approach that allows researchers to observe experiences in detail using certain methods such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), observation, social analysis, and virtual techniques.This research uses the constructivism paradigm.The constructivist paradigm is an understanding that places observation and objectivity in finding a reality (reality) or scientific discovery (Umanailo, 2003).
This study used the framing model of Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Konsicki.It is hoped that through this study, researchers can find out how the framing of the news of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict After the October 7, 2023 Hamas Attack by news portals VoA Indonesia and Deutsche Welle Indonesia for the period October to November 2023.The selected news will then be analyzed using the framing model of (Azani, Hadiprashada, & Perdana, 2023)explained that Pan and Konsicki's framing model consists of four structures, namely the way journalists string together facts (syntax), the way journalists tell facts (script), the way journalists write facts (thematic), the way journalists emphasize facts (rhetorical).In this study, primary data was obtained from news published on online news portals VoA Indonesia and Deutsche Welle Indonesia for the period October to November 2023.While secondary data is obtained from books, articles, and journals.

Results and Discussion
News Analysis 1 VoA Indonesia Declaring war, Israel agrees to significant steps to retaliate against Hamas attacks Publish Date : October 8, 2023

Syntax
In general, the news headline already describes the content of news related to Israel declaring war to retaliate for Hamas attacks.This news writing technique is to use an inverted pyramid, which starts from headlines, leads, background information, quotes, statements, and closing.In the background of information, journalists emphasize about the reality of Israeli military forces carrying out attacks against Hamas.The information also detailed how significant Israeli military measures were to retaliate against Hamas attacks.(Haushofer, Biletzki, & Kanwisher, 2010)

Script
Table 1.News 1 VoA Indonesia What Who Why?When Where How

Thematic
In the thematic structure, the news consists of 24 short paragraphs consisting of 1-4 sentences.The addition of quotes and statements from various sources, one of which is from Israeli Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari, further makes the news more detailed and readers can understand the news well (Mock, Obeidi, & Zeleznikow, 2014).

Rhetorical
In the rhetorical structure, the emphasis of facts can be seen from the use of the word in the news lead, namely "intensify".The word "intensify" here has the meaning of Israel which is constantly bombing the Gaza Strip, so that the casualties are increasing.Then, the selection of photos is also interesting because journalists display photos of steel tanks from Israel conducting convoys in the Gaza Strip.

News Analysis 2 VoA Indonesia
Israel: Hamas loses control of northern Gaza, thousands flee to south Publish Date : 9 November 2023 1. Syntax In syntactic structure, this headline has been relevant to the content and theme of the news, namely how the reality of Palestinians fleeing northern Gaza to southern Gaza amid the Israeli offensive.In news leads, the information conveyed already meets the criteria for a news lead.This news writing technique uses an inverted pyramid, thus making the delivery of information faster and more effective.

What Who
Why?
When Where How

Thematic
In the thematic structure, the news consists of 9 short paragraphs consisting of 1-3 sentences.The theme raised, which is about Palestinians fleeing northern Gaza to southern Gaza, is explained in order and detail.But in the news lead there is the use of the word 'combatant' as a pronoun for Hamas "military forces", making readers quite confused, because not everyone knows the term.

Rhetorical
In the rhetorical structure, the emphasis on facts can be seen in the selection of interesting photos because journalists present photos of Palestinian civilians on foot from northern Gaza to southern Gaza.The atmosphere of the photo makes the reader feel more Israeli-Palestinian Conflict After Hamas Attacks October 7, 2023 (Framing Voa Indonesia and Deutsche Welle Indonesia) compassionate, because some are holding a baby, pushing their children in wheelchairs, and holding their parents with sad and tired faces.The photo was taken by Ahmad Zakot/Reuters.

News Analysis 3 VoA Indonesia
Latest Developments: Israeli Forces Raid Gaza Hospital, Search for Hamas Militants Publish Date : November 16, 2023 1. Syntax The headline has included the headline of the story, namely "Palestinians flee northern Gaza towards southern Gaza".Likewise, the existing information news leads already meet the criteria for a news lead.The choice of diction or sentences is also appropriate and interesting, thus making readers more interested in reading the news.This news writing technique uses an inverted pyramid, which starts from headlines, leads, background information, quotes, sources, statements, and closing.The body of the news also describes in detail information related to the refugee process and the number of refugees from Palestinians.

Script
Table 3. News 3 VoA Indonesia What Who Why?
When Where How

Thematic
In the thematic structure, the news consists of 33 short paragraphs consisting of 1-3 sentences.Added quotes and statements from various sources, including UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, who said that he was deeply disturbed by the dire situation and the dramatic loss of life in several hospitals in Gaza.The quote is certainly considered interesting for readers.

Rhetorical
In rhetorical structure, the emphasis of facts can be seen from the choice of diction and also the composition of sentences.For example, in the news lead there is the use of the word "combatant" as a pronoun for Hamas "military forces".Word-by-word, sentenceby-sentence arrangement is also detailed and structured.Journalists displayed supporting photos of medics busy examining damage to one of the hospital wards, making the situation even more surreal and dramatic.The photo was taken by the Gaza Ministry Of Health/Handout via Reuters.News Analysis 1 Deutsche Welle Indonesia Title: Chancellor Scholz to Israel; "Germany Is by Your Side" Publish Date : 9 October 2023 1. Syntax The headline clearly shows a quote from Chancellor Scholz expressing Germany's support for Israel.This headline is considered interesting because it is provoactive, so readers who support Palestine are certainly interested in reading the news.The headline clearly illustrates that Germany has unequivocally expressed its support for Israel.News leads do not fall into the category of good news leads, because they do not explain in detail the important things that should be in news leads.The choice of diction in the opening sentence of the news lead is considered inappropriate because it uses nonstandard language, namely there is a sentence "shock, horror, anger".

Script
Table 1.News 1 Deutsche Welle Indonesia What Who Why?
When Where How 2. Thematic In the thematic structure, the news consists of 19 short paragraphs consisting of 1-4 sentences.There is a non-standard use of the word, and some terms such as the word "violent spiral" make the reader confused enough to understand the news.There are statements and quotes from various sources, one of which is the German chancellor who said that the attack carried out by Hamas was a "bar attack".

Rhetorical
On the rhetorical structure journalists emphasize facts through the phrase "shock, horror, anger".Although the sentence does not use standard language, it illustrates how the strong reaction of Germans who denounced Hamas' attacks against Israel on October 7, 2023.Journalists also suppressed facts through photos of Germans demonstrating at Berlin's Brandenberg gate, illuminated by lights patterned with Israeli flags.The photo was taken by Sven Kauler/DPA/Picture Alliance.
Chancellor Scholz says Germany supports Israel German Germans support Israel because they condemn the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023 October 9, 2023 German On Sunday (8/10) around 2,000 Germans demonstrated in support of Israel in front of the Brandenburg gate, Berlin.The agenda of distributing sweets by members of the Palestinian prisoners' solidarity network as a sign of their joy that Hamas succeeded in carrying out attacks on Israel also angered Germans.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, there are similarities and differences from the framing of media portals VoA Indonesia and Deutsche Welle Indonesia in reporting on the conflict between Israel and Palestine after the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks.News writing techniques both use the inverted pyramid method, starting from headlines, leads, background information, quotes, statements, and closing.Likewise, the news paragraph also has something in common, which is written with short paragraphs consisting of 1-4 sentences.
However, there are differences regarding the news on the news portals VoA Indonesia and Deutsche Welle Indonesia from October to November 2023.VoA Indonesia news portal actually and intensively reports on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict every day, from the beginning of this conflict starting in October 2023 until now November 2023.The first news published by Indonesia's VoA news portal was a story entitled "Declare War, Israel Agrees to Significant Steps to Retaliate Against Hamas Attacks".This news was published on October 8, 2023.The intensity of news published Israel conducts "Targeted Operation" at Al-Shifa Hospital Israel Israel accuses Al-Shifa Hospital of being where Hamas conducts its operations.
October 15, 2023 Al-Shifa Hospital, Gaza, Palestine On October 15, 2023, Israel announced that its forces would conduct a "targeted operation" against Hamas at Al-Shifa Hospital.Israel suspects that Al-Shifa Hospital is where Hamas launched its operations.
November 15, 2023 by VoA Indonesia is also more than 1 news every day.Meanwhile, news on the Deutsche Welle Indonesia portal tends not to be actual or up to date.It is evident that since the conflict on October 7, 2023, Deutsche Welle Indonesia did not directly report the conflict.The first news story published was a story entitled "Chancellor Scholz to Israel; " Germany Is by Your Side" published on October 9, 2023.The intensity of Israeli-Palestinian conflict news published by Deutsche Welle Indonesia is also less, and there is a gap between news and each other because it is not published every day.So, it can be concluded that the VoA Indonesia news portal is more actual in reporting the Israeli-Palestinian conflict than Deutsche Welle Indonesia.
Israel declares war on Hamas Israel Israel declared war on Hamas because it wanted to avenge the attacks carried out by Hamas on October 7, 2023 October 8, 2023 Gaza, Palestine On Sunday (8/10) Israel declared war on Hamas.Israeli military forces attempted to attack Hamas forces still in southern cities, intensifying bombing of the Gaza Strip.Gaza, Palestine Wesy Oktavina, Dhanurseto Hadiprashada, Dwi Aji Budiman Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 11) Israel said Hamas soldiers had lost control in the northern part of the Gaza Strip, therefore tens of thousands of Palestinians fled to southern Gaza to escape Israeli attacks.
Israeli forces carry out attack on Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza Palestine Israel Israel attacked Al-Shifa Hospital to hunt down Hamas they suspected was hiding in the hospital.November 15, 2023 Al-Shifa Hospital, Gaza, Palestine On Wednesday (15/11) the Israel Defense Forces attacked Al-Shifa Hospital to hunt down Hamas militants.The IDF conducted precise and targeted operations against Hamas in certain areas of Shifa hospitals and urged Hamas fighters to surrender.