p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 3 March 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 920
Application of STORET Method to Determine Lake Sentani
Water Quality Status in Papua Province
Suyatno
1
, Bambang Suhartawan
2*
, Santje M. Iriyanto
3
, Daawia
4
Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Jayapura, Indonesia
1,2,3
, Universitas Cenderawasih
Jayapura, Indonesia
4
Email: [email protected]
1
2
,
3
4
*Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Keywords:
water; lake; storet; quality
status
Lake coastal communities utilize Lake Sentani's water to
meet clean and other needs such as industry, irrigation,
plantations, fisheries, and water transportation facilities. In
addition to the lake mentioned above, they use it as a garbage
dump and family waste; even human and animal feces are
thrown into Lake Sentani. This study aims to determine the
quality and quality status using the STORET method based
on PP 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation,
Protection, and Management of the Environment annex vi-2
class 1 by applying ten parameters. The study used three
stations: Ifale, Asei, and Jaifuri coast. Each station was
sampled four times: January, April, July, and October 2023.
The results showed that seven parameters did not meet the
quality standards, namely TSS, BOD, COD, Pb, Oil and Fat,
Total Ditergen, and Total coliform, and only three
parameters met the quality shoulder, namely temperature,
TDS, and pH. Water quality status based on the application
of the STORET method was obtained that station 1 obtained
a score of -26 based on US_EPA, including class C
(moderately polluted), station 2 obtained a score of -64,
including class D (heavily polluted), and station 3 obtained
a score of -116 including class D (heavily polluted) and the
average STORET score of the three stations was obtained -
68.67 including class D (heavily polluted).
Introduction
Lake Sentani is the largest lake in Papua, located on the slopes of the Cyclops
Nature Reserve Mountains at an altitude of 85 meters above sea level, with water depths
reaching 75 m (Suhartawan, Alfons, & Daawia, 2022). This lake was formed due to
tectonic activity in the form of landslide dams and has an area of approximately 9,360
hectares with a length of 28 km and a width of 19 km. There are 12 rivers supporting
Lake Sentani (inlet) and one discharge river (outlet). Apart from being the primary source
of clean water and raw drinking water for coastal communities, Lake Sentani water is also
used for industrial purposes, irrigation of plantation land, capture fisheries for fishermen,
Application of STORET Method to Determine Lake Sentani Water Quality Status in
Papua Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 921
aquaculture with cages, and even as a means of water transportation (Asocadewi,
Oktiawan, & Hadiwidodo, 2015).
In addition to the lake mentioned above, they use it as a garbage dump, and family
waste, including human and animal feces, is thrown into Lake Sentani. So that Lake
Sentani becomes the center of all community activities. Conditions like this certainly
cause a decrease in lake water quality and are very dangerous to the health and
sustainability of the lake water environment (Ashok Lumb, Halliwell, & Tribeni Sharma,
2006).
Water is a very important part of supporting the sustainability of life because life
will not occur without water. The water needed for life, both flora and fauna, must be by
its designation because if it is not appropriate, life will be disturbed (Akhtar et al., 2021).
Likewise, the increasing population of residents who live on the shore of the lake and
settlements that dispose of domestic waste that empties into Lake Sentani certainly
negatively impact the environmental sustainability of Lake Sentani's waters. In addition,
population growth also impacts the increasing need for clean water, conditions of which
are increasingly scarce. In addition, (Yacub et al., 2022), the problem of poor urban
sanitation management systems, industrial development, and the use of pesticides and
chemical fertilizers are also causes of declining water quality. This condition is very
concerning and requires serious attention from various parties, especially the Jayapura
district/city government.
Evaluating water quality can be done in a conventional way, where laboratory test
results are compared with the water quality standards applied, whether drinking water,
clean water, or wastewater, but sequential and routine sampling is the main obstacle.
Therefore, a quantitative method has been developed for calculating a single index, which
is a combination of several values of water quality parameters (Saraswati, Sunyoto,
Kironoto, & Hadisusanto, 2014) and is a popular method developed in Indonesia (State
Minister of the Environment, 2003), namely the STORET method. The STORET method
can be adjusted to the desired quality standards and applicable in each region. The use of
the STORET method is also adjusted to the allocation of the water being tested; one of
the requirements of the STORET method is to have quality data that describes the time
series (Reza, 2021).
This study aims to examine the use of the STORET method to determine the status
of Lake Sentani water quality by applying ten water quality parameters, namely: 1)
temperature; 2) total dissolved solids (TDS); 3) total suspended solids (TSS); 4) degree
of acidity (pH); 5) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); 6) chemical oxygen demand
(COD); 7) lead (Pb); 8) oils and fats; 9) total detergent; and 10) total coliform as a
reference for comparison in conducting water quality analysis guided by PP Number 22
of 2021 concerning Environmental Management, annex VI part 2 concerning Lake Water
Quality Standards and the like, annex VI part 2 concerning Lake Water Quality Standards
and the like. With the knowledge of the status of Lake Sentani water quality, the Regency
/ City Government of Jayapura or Papua Province control strategy can be known so that
the lake water functions optimally (Sumaji, 2017).
Research Methods
Suyatno, Bambang Suhartawan, Santje M. Iriyanto, Daawia
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 922
Location and Time of Research
This study determined three research points (stations), namely the upstream,
middle, and downstream of Lake Sentani, namely:
a. Station 1: The waters of Lake Sentani in Ifale Sentani with ordinate location : (2o 35’
53” S, 140o 31’00” E).
b. Station 2: The waters of Lake Sentani in Asei with ordinate location: (2o 36’ 01” S,
140o 34’17” E).
c. Station 3: The waters of Lake Sentani in Jaifuri Yoka (outlet of Lake Sentani) with
ordinate location : (2o 41’ 24” S, 140o 35’04” E).
Data Collection
Data collection was carried out in-situ (on-site tests) and ex-situ (laboratory tests)
on water samples at three research stations based on procedures by the Indonesian
National Standard (SNI) for appropriate water quality parameters. Three parameters are
tested initially. Namely, temperature, TDS, pH, and seven parameters are tested in the
laboratory: TSS, BOD, COD, Pb, oils and fats, total detergents, and total coliforms
(Nemerow, 1971).
Data Processing and Analysis
Method STORET
Step-rare calculation of STORET index:
1. Collect data based on time series.
2. The data obtained are determined by their maximum, average, and minimum values.
3. The above results are confirmed with class 1 water quality standards PP 22 of 2021
water attachment for appropriate parameters. If the score meets it, it is given a score
of 0, and if it is not appropriate or outside the quality standard, it is scored according
to the STORET score table (Tanjung et al., 2021).
Results and Discussion
Result
No
Para
meter
Baku
Mutu
Stasiun 1
Stasiun 2
Stasiun 3
Feb
Mei
Agt
Nop
Feb
Mei
Agt
Nop
Feb
Mei
Agt
Nop
1
Suhu
Dev3
29,40
30,20
30,20
32,00
31,80
32,10
32,40
30,70
29,60
28,60
31,5
0
30,10
2
TDS
1.000
65
55
52
90
98
98
87
101
465
782
465
771
3
TSS
25
23
21
43
33
18
19
34
38
176
190
52
98
4
pH
6-9
7,40
7,70
8,00
8,10
7,60
7,60
7,90
8,40
7,60
7,60
7,90
8,40
5
BOD
2,00
1,20
2,20
2,30
1,60
1,67
1,83
1,22
2,40
1,67
1,83
1,22
4,30
6
COD
10,00
12,2
21,1
13,4
16,2
15,7
19,6
15,4
17,2
15,70
24,00
21,0
0
11,00
7
Pb
0,03
0,01
0,01
0,02
0,02
0,06
0,05
0,02
0,02
0,01
0,02
0,02
0,02
8
M&L
1,00
0,90
1,60
2,10
2,20
2,10
1,50
3,20
1,30
33,00
89,00
45,0
0
13,00
9
DT
0,20
0,24
0,16
0,22
0,18
0,18
0,16
0,42
0,36
34,00
45,00
8,00
13,00
10
Tc
1.000
86
120
130
341
87
210
112
235
1.120
1.412
1.35
0
1.345
a. Lake Sentani water quality
Application of STORET Method to Determine Lake Sentani Water Quality Status in
Papua Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 923
Water quality is discussed on parameters that do not meet quality standards, namely
TSS, BOD, COD, Pb, Oil and Fat, Total Ditergen, and Total coliform.
Figure 1 Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
Erosion from the Cycloops mountains that empty into Lake Sentani caused high
TSS, especially at station 3, which is the only outlet of Lake Sentani water; in addition to
the heavy flow, it also carried fine particles suspended in the water. High TSS also
impacts water turbidity and inhibits the entry of sunlight into the water, disrupting the
photosynthesis of aquatic plants (Burhanuddin & Setyobudiarso, 2019).
Figure 2 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
The increase in organic matter will cause a high BOD. This is also due to the
increasing number of bacteria in water bodies that require oxygen. There was no
significant difference in the height of BOD at the three study stations (Karliansyah, 2016).
Figure 3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Suyatno, Bambang Suhartawan, Santje M. Iriyanto, Daawia
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 924
Household waste containing organic matter and a large enough amount that empties
into Lake Sentani is the cause of the high organic matter in the waste and is the leading
cause of the high concentration of COD in Lake Sentani (Amin, 2014).
Figure 4 Lead (Pb)
Figure 4 shows that the Pb parameter at station 2 (Asei) in January and April was
very high and exceeded the quality standard. This is due to the dense water transportation
that operates. Dense transportation because Asei is a tourist area close to Kalkota Pier,
the center of water transportation facilities on Lake Sentani. Waste use of transportation
fuel resulted in high Pb content in Lake Sentani water in the Asei area (station 2)
(Maufilda, 2015).
Figure 5 Oils and Fats
Oil and fats are classified as domestic waste that is difficult to destroy and
decompose by microorganisms. This waste has a smaller density than water, so its
existence floats above the water's surface and forms a small layer, and a small part
dissolves in water (999). The picture above shows that at station 3 (outlet), the highest oil
and fat content is caused by the smaller surface area of the water, causing the oil and fat
layer on the surface of the water to get thicker and more soluble in water (Burhanuddin
& Setyobudiarso, 2019).
Application of STORET Method to Determine Lake Sentani Water Quality Status in
Papua Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 925
Figure 6 Total Detergent
Unlike oils and fats, total detergents are readily soluble in water. Total detergent is
domestic waste due to the use of detergent for households to clean household appliances
and wash clothes. High detergent content in waters can decrease the diversity of aquatic
biota and the death of fish species in the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, it will result in
silting the lake for a long time (Karliansyah, 2016).
As with detergents, oils, and fats, the total coliform content at station 3 is so high
that it exceeds the maximum quality standards limit. The high total coliform is caused by
the disposal of human and animal fecal waste into the water of Lake Sentani. In addition,
station 3 is the estuary of Lake Sentani, where people quite densely inhabit the coast, so
activities at the mouth of the lake are getting denser (Irma Lusi & Annisa Salsabilla,
2020).
Table 2
STRORET Score Calculation (station 1)
No
Parameter
Unit
BM
Moon
Valuation
Score
Feb
From
And
Nop
Criterion
Value
1
Temperatu
re
(oC)
Dev
3
29,40
30,20
30,20
32,00
Max
32,00
0
Min
29,40
0
Average
30,45
0
2
TDS
(mg/L)
1.00
0
65
55
52
90
Max
90
0
Min
52
0
Suyatno, Bambang Suhartawan, Santje M. Iriyanto, Daawia
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 926
Average
66
0
3
TSS
(mg/L)
25
14
33
37
13
Max
37
-2
Min
13
0
Average
24
0
4
pH
-
6-9
7,40
7,70
8,00
8,10
Max
8,10
0
Min
7,40
0
Average
7,80
0
5
BE
(mg/L)
2,00
1,20
2,20
2,30
1,60
Max
2,30
-4
Min
1,20
0
Average
1,83
0
6
COD
(mg/L)
10,0
0
8,2
7,1
9,4
8,2
Max
9,40
0
Min
7,10
0
Average
8,23
0
7
Pb
(mg/L)
0,03
0,01
0,01
0,02
0,02
Max
0,02
0
Min
0,01
0
Average
0,02
0
8
M&L
(mg/L)
1,00
0,90
1,60
2,10
0,18
Max
2,10
-4
Min
0,18
0
Average
1,20
-12
9
DT
(mg/L)
0,20
0,14
0,26
0,22
0,18
Max
0,26
-4
Min
0,14
0
Average
0,20
0
10
Fc
(MPN/
100 mL)
1.00
0
86
120
130
341
Max
341
0
Min
86
0
Average
169
0
Number of
Scores
-26
In the same way, station 2 and station 3 are obtained :
Skor STORET (st2) = - 64
Skor STORET (st3) = - 116(Sari & Wijaya, 2019)
Table 3 Lake water quality status based on the STORET method
No
Station
Score
Class
Category
Information
1
1
-26
C
Keep
Contaminated is
2
2
-64
D
Bad
Heavy
contaminated
3
3
-116
D
Bad
Heavy
contaminated
Average
-68,67
D
Bad
Heavy
contaminated
Application of STORET Method to Determine Lake Sentani Water Quality Status in
Papua Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 927
Conclusion
Lake Sentani, located on the slopes of the Cyclops Nature Reserve Mountains with
an area of about 9,360 hectares and a depth of 75 meters, has a vital role as a source of
clean water, raw water, as well as for industrial, irrigation, and fisheries purposes, but
faces water quality problems such as high Total Suspended Solids (TSS) especially at
station 3 which is the outlet of the lake, indicating the need for further management and
monitoring actions to maintain the sustainability of the lake ecosystem.
Suyatno, Bambang Suhartawan, Santje M. Iriyanto, Daawia
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 3, March, 2024 928
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