p-ISSN: 2723-6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 12 Desember 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5815
User Management and Authentication of Hotspot Using
Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor at A Coffee Shop
Gunawan Budi Sulistyo1*, Pudji Widodo, Noor Hasan2
Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika, Yogyakarta, Indonesia1.2,3
Email: [email protected]1*, [email protected].id2, [email protected]3
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Mikrotik;
Hotspot; Authentication;
Management; Mikhmon
This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of using the
Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor in user authentication management in
hotspot networks. User authentication challenges that include
security and ease of management motivate the use of Mikrotik to
improve system efficiency. The research method used is a
qualitative approach with a case study. Data collection is done
through interviews with users and managers and direct
observation. The results showed that Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor is
able to improve the security and efficiency of authentication
management. Users find this method more straightforward than
other methods, such as Radius. In conclusion, Mikrotik Hotspot
Monitor is an effective solution for authentication management on
hotspot networks by offering features that are easy to use and
efficient in supporting internet service business needs.
Introduction
User authentication management in hotspot networks is something that cannot be
ignored, especially in the context of increasing internet usage in various sectors, including
education, business, and the public. According to data from the Indonesian Internet
Service Providers Association (APJII) (2022), the number of Internet users in Indonesia
will reach 202.6 million, with penetration reaching 73.7% of the total population . In this
situation, hotspots have become one of the solutions for providing widespread internet
access. However, as the number of users increases, the challenges in managing
authentication also increase. Without a strong authentication system, security risks such
as misuse of access, data theft, and cyberattacks become higher.
Along with the development of technology, hotspot systems have evolved from
simply providing internet access to more complex platforms that require efficient
management. Various hotspot management software technologies, such as Mikrotik
Hotspot Monitor (MIKHMON), offer solutions to address these challenges. The use of
Mikrotik in hotspot network management can improve access speed and network security
(Khairullah et al., 2024).
The main challenges in user authentication management in hotspots include
security, scalability, and management complexity. Security is a significant concern as
hotspots are often the target of attacks, such as hacking and data theft. In addition, as the
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5816
number of users increases, the system must be able to handle simultaneous authentication
without degrading performance. Many service providers have difficulty managing user
data and ensuring that only authenticated users can access the network (Wibowo &
Triraharjo, 2023). This suggests the need for a more systematic approach to authentication
management.
Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor offers a comprehensive solution to these challenges.
With features such as bandwidth management, voucher systems, and usage reports,
Mikrotik allows administrators to manage the network more efficiently. The voucher
system allows users to access the internet in a more controlled manner and can also reduce
the risk of misuse. Mikrotik's use in simulating authentication management can improve
security and operational efficiency (Iskhaq et al., 2021). Therefore, the Mikrotik Hotspot
Monitor is an attractive option for service providers who want to improve user
authentication management.
The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of using the
Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor in user authentication management. By conducting this
analysis, it is hoped that the advantages and disadvantages of the system can be found, as
well as how this system can be optimized to improve user experience. Previous research
by Danang and Setiawan (2021) shows that implementing a sound management system
can increase user satisfaction, which in turn can increase customer loyalty. Therefore, this
research will provide valuable insights for service providers in designing better
authentication management strategies.
In addition to analyzing effectiveness, this research also aims to provide
recommendations for service providers in improving user authentication management
systems. These recommendations will be based on the results of the analysis and relevant
case studies, as well as the practices that have been implemented in the two sites. By
providing clear and measurable recommendations, it is expected that service providers
can implement the necessary changes to improve security and efficiency in authentication
management. Research by Romauli Romauli et al. (2024) emphasizes the importance of
developing systems that are responsive to user needs, which will be one of the focuses in
providing recommendations at the end of this research.
Method
This research uses a qualitative approach, which aims to understand and explore
the user experience and effectiveness of authentication management on hotspot systems
using Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor. A qualitative approach was chosen because it can
provide deep insights into how users interact with the system and the challenges they face.
According to Wibowo and Triraharjo (2023), qualitative research is beneficial in the
context of information technology to explore user perceptions and factors that influence
system use. In this case, researchers conducted interviews with users and hotspot
managers to obtain more comprehensive data.
The approach used in this research is a case study, where researchers will focus
on a Coffee Shop that will use Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor. With case studies, researchers
User Management and Authentication of Hotspot Using Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor at A Coffee
Shop
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5817
can evaluate system implementations directly and identify best practices and issues that
arise in managing user authentication. This approach allows researchers to collect
relevant contextual information, such as hotspot usage policies and user satisfaction
levels, which are important for further analysis (Pramudita et al., 2014; Verma et al.,
2021). The location of this research will be one of the coffee shops in Yogyakarta.
Yogyakarta was chosen because it is one of the cities with a high level of hotspot usage,
especially among students and tourists. The Yogyakarta City Government, through the
Yogyakarta City Informatics and Communication Office (Kominfosan), continues to
expand public access to the internet by increasing the number of free public wifi locations.
As of February 3, 2021, this free public wifi access is spread across 356 points throughout
the city of Yogyakarta (Adminwarta, 2021; Susilo et al., 2023).
The subject selection criteria in this study include a variety of hotspot users in
terms of age, educational background, and frequency of use. The researcher will select
subjects who have used the hotspot service for a minimum of three months to ensure that
they have enough experience to provide valuable insights. In addition, hotspot managers
will also be involved as subjects, as they have different perspectives on the challenges
and solutions in authentication management. By involving a variety of subjects, it is
expected that the research results can reflect a more representative condition (Ardianto et
al., 2018; Widyatama et al., 2023).
The primary data collection technique used in this research is interviews. These
interviews will be conducted with hotspot users and managers to gather information about
their experiences using the Mikrotik authentication system. Questions will be designed to
explore various aspects, including ease of use, problems encountered, and features
considered important. These interviews are analyzed to find key themes that emerge from
the data. According to Iskhaq et al., (2021), interviews are an effective method for
collecting qualitative data
In addition to interviews, researchers will also conduct direct observations at the
research location. This observation aims to understand how users interact with the
authentication system and how the hotspot manager manages user access. The researcher
will record various aspects, such as the time taken for authentication, the number of users
connected at any given time, and the manager's response to problems that arise. This
observational data will provide additional context for the analysis conducted through
interviews and help researchers understand the dynamics that occur in the field (Tavory,
2020; Tenggario & Lukas, 2011).
This research also involves collecting secondary data from relevant sources, such
as hotspot managers' annual reports, internet usage data in Yogyakarta, and previous
studies related to user authentication management. This secondary data will complement
the information obtained from interviews and observations. By combining primary and
secondary data, researchers can provide a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis of
hotspot user authentication management (Wibowo & Triraharjo, 2023).
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5818
The data analysis method used in this research is thematic analysis. After the data
is collected through interviews and observations, the researcher will identify the main
themes that emerge from the data. This process involves coding the data and categorizing
the information based on the similarities and differences found. The thematic analysis
allows researchers to highlight key issues and provide a better understanding of user
experience and authentication management challenges (Ardianto et al., 2018).
To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data, the researcher compares
information obtained from interviews, observations, and secondary data. In addition, the
researcher will also conduct member checking, where the results of the initial analysis
will be shared with several research subjects to obtain feedback and ensure that the
interpretations made are in line with their experiences. This validation process is
important to increase the credibility of the research results and provide a solid basis for
the conclusions drawn (Iskhaq et al., 2021).
User authentication is the process of ensuring that individuals accessing a system
or network are who they claim to be. In the context of hotspot networks, authentication is
a crucial first step to control user access. This process usually involves using a username
and password but can also include other methods such as tokens, biometrics, or two-factor
authentication (2FA). According to Wibowo and Triraharjo (2023), effective
authentication not only protects sensitive data but also increases user trust in the services
provided.
In a hotspot environment, where multiple users can access the network
simultaneously, the importance of authentication becomes even more apparent. Without
proper authentication, the network can be vulnerable to abuse, such as illegal access and
uncontrolled bandwidth usage. Data from Pramudita et al. (2014) shows that more than
65% of hotspot service providers experience problems with unauthenticated users, which
negatively impacts service quality. Therefore, implementing a strong authentication
system is necessary to maintain network integrity and security.
A hotspot is a geographical area where users can access the internet through a
wireless network, usually by using devices such as laptops, smartphones, or tablets. The
primary function of a hotspot is to provide fast and easy internet connectivity so that users
can connect without having to use cables. Ardianto et al. (2018) explain that hotspots are
often used in public places such as cafes, airports, and libraries, which allow internet
access for anyone in the area.
Mikrotik is one of the popular network devices for hotspot management, offering
various features that support user authentication and management. Features such as User
Manager allow administrators to manage user accounts, monitor bandwidth usage, and
set access restrictions. Mikrotik also supports various authentication methods, including
RADIUS and captive portals, which makes it easy to integrate with existing systems.
Rahardi et al. (2022) noted that the use of Mikrotik in hotspot management has proven
effective in improving service quality and user satisfaction.
The advantages of using Mikrotik in hotspot management include relatively low
cost compared to other solutions and flexibility in configuration and setup. However,
User Management and Authentication of Hotspot Using Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor at A Coffee
Shop
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5819
there are also some drawbacks, such as a steep learning curve for new users and
complexity in the initial setup. According to Tenggario and Lukas (2011), although
Mikrotik offers many features, users must have sufficient technical knowledge to
maximize the potential of this device.
Several studies have been conducted to explore the effectiveness of bandwidth
management and authentication in hotspot networks. For example, research by Rahardi
et al. (2022) showed that implementing a sound authentication system can reduce
bandwidth abuse by 40%. This shows that effective management not only protects the
network but also improves user experience by ensuring that all users get fair access to
network resources.
The Mikhmon and User Manager methods are two popular approaches to hotspot
management using Mikrotik. Mikhmon, as a web-based application, offers a user-friendly
interface for user management and network monitoring. Meanwhile, User Manager
provides more in-depth control over account settings and authentication. The
implementation of these two methods in a laboratory environment showed satisfactory
results, with significant improvements in management efficiency and user satisfaction.
The implementation of this research uses the Network Development Life Cycle
(NDLC) method to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor
(MIKHMON) in hotspot user management and authentication. NDLC is a systematic
approach involving planning, design, development, and evaluation stages to ensure that
technology solutions meet identified needs efficiently and effectively.
Figure 1. Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC)
1. Analysis and Planning
At this stage, identification of system needs and mapping of existing problems
in user management and authentication are carried out. The results of this need
analysis are then used to design relevant evaluation criteria. A careful planning stage
is critical to understand user needs and determine appropriate system specifications
(Murtaji, 2022). Data was collected through interviews with hotspot managers and
surveys of users to determine the main problems that need to be addressed.
2. Design
The design stage involves creating a detailed plan for the implementation of
MIKHMON, including technical specifications and monitoring schemes. The system
design is based on the planning results and aims to ensure that the features of
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5820
MIKHMON can fulfill the identified management and authentication needs. The
importance of a comprehensive design in facilitating system integration and
performance optimization is well documented (Romauli et al., 2024).
3. Development
In this phase, it is implemented according to the design that has been made.
The development process includes system configuration, integration with existing
hotspot infrastructure, and functionality testing. A practical development phase
involves continuous monitoring and adjustments to address issues that may arise
during implementation (Rizky et al., 2024).
4. Evaluation
The final stage in the NDLC is evaluation, where the effectiveness of
MIKHMON in user management and authentication is assessed based on the criteria
established in the planning stage. Evaluation is conducted through analysis of usage
data, user feedback, and system security testing. Evaluation results are used to
provide recommendations for system improvements and upgrades. A comprehensive
evaluation can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system, and provide a
basis for continuous improvement.
Results and Discussion
In this study, an analysis of the use of the Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor was carried out to
evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the hotspot user authentication system. The Network
Topology used in this research is as shown below:
Figure 2. Network topology used
Mikrotik Hotspot Monitor is a tool that allows network administrators to manage user
access to hotspot networks in a structured way.
The IP Address design used in the topology in Figure 2 is as follows.
Table 1. IP Address Design (Internet Protocol)
No.
Device Name
Port
IP Address
1
Mirotic RB951Ui-2HND
Wireless Router
Eth1 (ISP Bridge)
192.168.0.21
Eth1 Hotspot
12.12.12.1
Mikhmon Server
11.11.11.1
Hostspot Server
11.11.11.201
2
PC Admin
RJ45 NC
192.168.1.10
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5821
3.
Hand Phone /Laptop
Client
wireless
192.168.2.10
Mikrotik Configuration
To configure the proxy to connect to the modem, it must be through a
laptop/computer connected via a UTP cable with the following topology:
Figure 3. Initial topology configuration
After the UTP cable is connected from the modem to the proxy via Port 1 with IP
192.168.1.99, the Laptop can access/configure the proxy using the Winbox software,
which is connected to the proxy via Port 2 with a UTP cable with IP 12.12.12.1. Then we
configure from the beginning, namely for the client, through the IP Menu, DHCP Client,
and just select ether1 on the interface, as shown below.
Figure 4. DHCP Client Configuration
Next, we need to complete the IP address for ether2 and bridge, as shown below:
Figure 5. Ip Address Configuration
This configuration aims to set the client up to connect to the Internet via proxy with
the rules we specify.
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One of Richmond's advantages is that user authentication management can be done
via Android or wireless mobile phones, provided that the proxy device is connected to
the Internet.
Installing mikhmon using a mobile phone
Before installing Mikhmon on Android, it is necessary to prepare in advance,
including AwebServer.apk, mikhmonv3-master.zip, PrinterShare.apk, and RAR.apk.
First, we have to install Rar.apk to extract mikhmonv3-master.zip into cellphone storage.
After it is successful, we can install AwebServer.apk and run it so that it appears like this:
Figure 6. Web server on mobile phone
The web server is used to run mikhmon, which is based on the PHP programming
language. So after the web server is installed on the cellphone, the next step is to extract
the mikhmon file to the root server or if it is in storage. Then, after starting the server, a
link address will appear to direct to mikhmon.
Figure 7. Login to mikhmon via Mobile
After successfully logging in, we will be faced with the mikhmon dashboard.
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5823
Figure 8. Mikhmon dashboard on mobile phone
Create a profile, where this is the character of the user for whom the password will be
created. You can do this through the Hostspot-User Profile-Add Profile menu.
Figure 9. Adding User Profile
Next, we need to set the user's access rights after successfully logging in. Here, it is
possible to make various settings, ranging from bandwidth speed to the price given. In
this case, Coffe Shop will provide free internet vouchers to customers who come through
the cashier. Every customer who orders drinks or food must pay first through the cashier,
then get a free internet voucher for 6 hours, with an average internet speed of 2 Mbps.
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5824
Figure 10. User Profile Configuration
The following table is inputted in the User Profile.
Table 2. User Profile
Name
Pool Address
Shared Users
Rate limit
Expired Mode
Validity
Price
Selling Price
Lock User
Parent Queue
Next, we need to print the generated voucher by going through the Hotspot-Users-
Generate menu.
Figure 11. Generate User
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The following description table is inputted in Generate User.
Table 3. Generate User
Qty
Number of Vouchers
Server
All
User Mode
Username = Password
Name Length
Character length
Prefix
null
Character
Random 1234
Profile
Please choose the one
we have already created.
The sample results of the voucher generation are shown in the following table:
Table 4. Sample generate voucher
User
Passw
Profile
Time Limit
Data Limit
Comment
xss69
xss69
2h-1d
2h
5M/5M
vc-887-
08.26.24-
sba76
sba76
2h-1d
Two h
5M/5M
vc-887-
08.26.24-
vgk63
vgk63
2h-1d
2h
5M/5M
vc-887-
08.26.24-
dga99
dga99
2h-1d
2h
5M/5M
vc-887-
08.26.24-
Meanwhile, if it is printed, a QR code can be added in Richmond.
Figure 12. Mikhmon voucher
With the presence of Qrcode, users can choose either manual or scanned authentication.
Testing
At this stage, system testing will be carried out, covering aspects of Hardware,
Software, and Brainware. This test aims to ensure that the configuration on Hardware and
Software has functioned in accordance with the design that has been made. If an error is
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found in the Hardware or Software, the problem can be immediately identified and
corrected. The testing stages can be seen in the following figure:
Figure 13. Ping Router to Modem test.
Next, test the connection using a cellphone to the login/authentication page.
Figure 14. Login/authentication page
The voucher code for authentication can be input manually through the voucher
menu or QR code. The trial was conducted on ten people, with details of 5 people
inputting the code manually and five people using the QRcode. To find out how much
time is needed for authentication, the user is prepared in advance and distributed vouchers
in a closed manner; after being divided, they are asked to authenticate together, both
manually and with Qrcode. In this study, the speed results in authentication were obtained
as follows:
Table 5. User Authentication Results
User
Methods
Authentication
Time
SpeedTest
User 1
Qrcode
2,1
2 Mbps
User 2
Qrcode
3,5
1.8 Mbps
User 3
Qrcode
2,2
2 Mbps
User 4
Qrcode
2,5
1.8 Mbps
User 5
Qrcode
3,1
2.1 Mbps
User 6
Manual
3,2
2 Mbps
User 7
Manual
3,5
1.9 Mbps
User 8
Manual
3,6
2 Mbps
User 9
Manual
3,7
1.8 Mbps
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 5, No. 12, Desember 2024 5827
User 10
Manual
2,9
1.9 Mbps
The table above shows that all users successfully authenticate using two methods:
manual and QRcode. The speed obtained for the QRcode authentication method is faster
than the manual, with an average internet speed of 2 Mbps.
Figure 15. Mikhmon traffic monitoring
Conclusion
Based on the results of the experiments that have been carried out, it can be
concluded that user authentication management using Mikhmon is more straightforward,
more effective, and more efficient than Radius. Mikhmon can easily manage Hotspot user
management manually or automatically, as well as the voucher system, custom templates,
and a more user-friendly display. Mikhmon offers desktop and website versions that you
can upload to your hosting or server and later can be controlled remotely from a distance.
In addition, Mikhmon also offers a mobile Android version, which will help run an
internet voucher business for the neighborhood Net Coffee Shop and other public spaces,
and it can be accessed from anywhere.
However, the effectiveness of MIKHMON implementation is highly dependent on
the technical understanding of the staff in charge as well as the readiness of the network
infrastructure. To support successful implementation, hotspot providers are advised to use
a structured Mikrotik implementation guide, covering basic Mikrotik configuration,
MIKHMON settings, and troubleshooting steps. This guide can be presented in the form
of a manual document or an easy-to-understand video tutorial. In addition, technical
training to staff responsible for network management also needs to be provided. This
training should include a basic understanding of computer networks, Mikrotik
configuration, and the use of MIKHMON to manage users and monitor network activity.
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Hotspot providers should also conduct periodic evaluations of the authentication
system to ensure that the configuration continues to meet user needs and evolving network
challenges. This includes identifying potential issues, such as an increase in the number
of users or new security threats. In addition, adequate technical support should be
provided, both from within the hotspot provider and from the Mikrotik community.
Extensive documentation needs to be prepared to support the staff's self-learning process,
so that they can overcome obstacles on their own. With these steps, hotspot providers can
optimize their MIKHMON implementation to improve the efficiency and quality of their
network services.
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