p–ISSN: 2723 – 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2 024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5104
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid
Solar Power System at Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak1*, Parlin Siagian2, Zulkarnain3
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: efficiency,
saving cost, solar power
plant.
Economic growth and the increasing demand for electrical
energy require a breakthrough in the provision of electrical
energy, one of which is the use of renewable and
environmentally friendly energy. Solar energy is one of the
renewable energies that can be used as a solar PV system.
This solar PV system can also be combined with the PLN
network (grid) and generators to meet electrical energy
needs. This study aims to find out the amount of electrical
energy efficiency value that can be produced by the plant
every month, and whether it can affect the electricity bill
paid by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga every month. Methods
This research uses observation methods and collects various
data related to the installation of Solar Power Plants on the
Grid starting from April to September 2024. This research
contains the results of the total electrical energy produced
by the solar power plant, the efficiency of the solar power
plant as well as the saving costs generated after the
installation of the solar power plant at the Pertamina
Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot.
Introduction
The need for electrical energy is one of the most important things for the
community and companies today. Along with the development of technology, there are
also more and more breakthroughs in the field of energy investment (Rifaldi, Alham,
Izzah, Ihsan, & Sugianto, 2023). Solar Power Plants (PLTS) are one of the
technological breakthroughs that utilize solar energy as a source and are also one of the
infinite renewable energy alternatives. The solar PV work system is divided into 3,
namely: Grid Solar PV, Grid Solar Power Plant (Grid Tied), and Hybrid Solar Power
Plant. This paper discusses Solar Power Plant On Grid which is a battery-free solar PV
system that is effective in use from morning to evening or when there is sunlight.
Because it does not have a battery, this system is very suitable for buildings that are
more widely used during the day such as offices, factories, or others (Acosta & Suresh,
2016). Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot is a state-owned office located at Jl. K.L.
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2 024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5104
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid
Solar Power System at Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak1*, Parlin Siagian2, Zulkarnain3
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: efficiency,
saving cost, solar power
plant.
Economic growth and the increasing demand for electrical
energy require a breakthrough in the provision of electrical
energy, one of which is the use of renewable and
environmentally friendly energy. Solar energy is one of the
renewable energies that can be used as a solar PV system.
This solar PV system can also be combined with the PLN
network (grid) and generators to meet electrical energy
needs. This study aims to find out the amount of electrical
energy efficiency value that can be produced by the plant
every month, and whether it can affect the electricity bill
paid by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga every month. Methods
This research uses observation methods and collects various
data related to the installation of Solar Power Plants on the
Grid starting from April to September 2024. This research
contains the results of the total electrical energy produced
by the solar power plant, the efficiency of the solar power
plant as well as the saving costs generated after the
installation of the solar power plant at the Pertamina
Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot.
Introduction
The need for electrical energy is one of the most important things for the
community and companies today. Along with the development of technology, there are
also more and more breakthroughs in the field of energy investment (Rifaldi, Alham,
Izzah, Ihsan, & Sugianto, 2023). Solar Power Plants (PLTS) are one of the
technological breakthroughs that utilize solar energy as a source and are also one of the
infinite renewable energy alternatives. The solar PV work system is divided into 3,
namely: Grid Solar PV, Grid Solar Power Plant (Grid Tied), and Hybrid Solar Power
Plant. This paper discusses Solar Power Plant On Grid which is a battery-free solar PV
system that is effective in use from morning to evening or when there is sunlight.
Because it does not have a battery, this system is very suitable for buildings that are
more widely used during the day such as offices, factories, or others (Acosta & Suresh,
2016). Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot is a state-owned office located at Jl. K.L.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid Solar Power System at
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5105
Yos Sudarso km 20 which uses an On-Grid solar power plant with a capacity of 81 kW
through a form of collaboration between PT Pertamina (Persero) Patra Niaga and PT
Pertamina (Persero) Power Indonesia as one of the implementations of renewable
electrical energy which is a commitment and work program of the company PT
Pertamina (Persero) which is an energy company that is not only engaged in the field of
fossil energy but also innovation and application of renewable energy in the field of
transportation and industry in Indonesia (Rahmanta et al., 2023).
In solar PV, there are always components called solar panels also called
photovoltaic (PV) modules and also inverters. Solar panels or photovoltaic (PV)
modules are useful for converting solar energy into DC electrical energy. The inverter is
used to convert the DC generated by the solar panel into AC that will be used by the
load. (Diantari, Suyanto, & Hidayat, 2023). With the installation of Solar Power Plants
On the Grid at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot location, which will be
implemented from April 2024, this study was conducted to find out the amount of
electrical energy efficiency value that can be produced by the plant every month
whether it can affect the electricity bills paid by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga every month.
Method
This study uses observation methods and collects various data related to the installation of
Solar Power Plants on the Grid starting from April to September 2024. The data collected in this
study included a cooperation agreement between Pertamina Patra Niaga and Pertamina Power
Indonesia, data on the specifications of solar PV components, solar power production power,
and electricity bills from PLN. The flow of this research is contained in the form of a research
flow diagram as follows:
Figure 1. Research Flow
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5105
Yos Sudarso km 20 which uses an On-Grid solar power plant with a capacity of 81 kW
through a form of collaboration between PT Pertamina (Persero) Patra Niaga and PT
Pertamina (Persero) Power Indonesia as one of the implementations of renewable
electrical energy which is a commitment and work program of the company PT
Pertamina (Persero) which is an energy company that is not only engaged in the field of
fossil energy but also innovation and application of renewable energy in the field of
transportation and industry in Indonesia (Rahmanta et al., 2023).
In solar PV, there are always components called solar panels also called
photovoltaic (PV) modules and also inverters. Solar panels or photovoltaic (PV)
modules are useful for converting solar energy into DC electrical energy. The inverter is
used to convert the DC generated by the solar panel into AC that will be used by the
load. (Diantari, Suyanto, & Hidayat, 2023). With the installation of Solar Power Plants
On the Grid at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot location, which will be
implemented from April 2024, this study was conducted to find out the amount of
electrical energy efficiency value that can be produced by the plant every month
whether it can affect the electricity bills paid by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga every month.
Method
This study uses observation methods and collects various data related to the installation of
Solar Power Plants on the Grid starting from April to September 2024. The data collected in this
study included a cooperation agreement between Pertamina Patra Niaga and Pertamina Power
Indonesia, data on the specifications of solar PV components, solar power production power,
and electricity bills from PLN. The flow of this research is contained in the form of a research
flow diagram as follows:
Figure 1. Research Flow
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak, Parlin Siagian, Zulkarnain
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5106
Solar PV System Implementation
The data collection in this study was taken from the implementation of the solar PV
system consisting of solar panel modules, inverters, distribution panels, kWH meters, and office
electricity loads. Solar panels are the main part of the solar PV system that functions to convert
energy from sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. When sunlight falls on solar panels, a
process called photovoltaics occurs where light energy is absorbed and converted into electrical
energy. (Kusumaningtyas, Nadhiroh, Sukatno, Siadari, & Dewantara, 2024). The power and
electricity inputs that enter the solar panel will depend on the intensity of sunlight radiation
while the power output produced by the solar panel is mostly influenced by environmental
factors such as the presence of shadows that cover, the angle of inclination, and the cleanliness
of the solar panel. In this installation, a solar panel module with the Techlan brand type THM6-
NH144 is used in as many as 10 strings with each string consisting of 18 solar panels with
detailed specifications as shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Solar Panel Specifications
It Criterion Capacity
1. Maximum Power Watt 450 W
2. Maximum Power Voltage 41.40 V
3. Maximum Power Current 10.87 A
4. Open Circuit Voltage 50.30 V
5. Short Circuit Current 11.46 A
6. Solar Panel Size 2.1 m x 1.0 m
7. Solar Panel Weight 24 kg
The inverter serves to convert the DC electric current generated by the solar module into
AC electric current which is used as a power source by electronic devices. In this inverter
device, there is also an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) device that functions to keep
the output power at maximum because the solar radiation factors and environmental factors
mentioned above can cause non-linear input to the system. This solar PV system uses 2 inverter
capacities with the Huawei Smart PV Controller brand, namely type SUN2000-50KTL-M0
with a capacity of 50 kilowatts and SUN2000-15KTL-M0 with a capacity of 15 kilowatts with
details listed in Table 2 below.
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5106
Solar PV System Implementation
The data collection in this study was taken from the implementation of the solar PV
system consisting of solar panel modules, inverters, distribution panels, kWH meters, and office
electricity loads. Solar panels are the main part of the solar PV system that functions to convert
energy from sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. When sunlight falls on solar panels, a
process called photovoltaics occurs where light energy is absorbed and converted into electrical
energy. (Kusumaningtyas, Nadhiroh, Sukatno, Siadari, & Dewantara, 2024). The power and
electricity inputs that enter the solar panel will depend on the intensity of sunlight radiation
while the power output produced by the solar panel is mostly influenced by environmental
factors such as the presence of shadows that cover, the angle of inclination, and the cleanliness
of the solar panel. In this installation, a solar panel module with the Techlan brand type THM6-
NH144 is used in as many as 10 strings with each string consisting of 18 solar panels with
detailed specifications as shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Solar Panel Specifications
It Criterion Capacity
1. Maximum Power Watt 450 W
2. Maximum Power Voltage 41.40 V
3. Maximum Power Current 10.87 A
4. Open Circuit Voltage 50.30 V
5. Short Circuit Current 11.46 A
6. Solar Panel Size 2.1 m x 1.0 m
7. Solar Panel Weight 24 kg
The inverter serves to convert the DC electric current generated by the solar module into
AC electric current which is used as a power source by electronic devices. In this inverter
device, there is also an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) device that functions to keep
the output power at maximum because the solar radiation factors and environmental factors
mentioned above can cause non-linear input to the system. This solar PV system uses 2 inverter
capacities with the Huawei Smart PV Controller brand, namely type SUN2000-50KTL-M0
with a capacity of 50 kilowatts and SUN2000-15KTL-M0 with a capacity of 15 kilowatts with
details listed in Table 2 below.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid Solar Power System at
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5107
Table 2
Inverter Specifications
It Criterion Capacity
SUN2000-50KTL-M0 SUN2000-15KTL-M0
1. Rated Output Power 50,000 W 15,000 W
2. Max Input Voltage 1.100 V 1,080 V
3. Operating voltage range 200 V – 1,000 V 160 V – 950 V
4. Max Current per MPPT 22 A 22 A
5. Max Output Current 83.6 V 25.2 A
6. Max Total Harmonic
Distortion <3% <3%
7. Inverter Weight 74 Kg 25 kg
Results and Discussion
Solar PV System Configuration
The configuration scheme of this solar PV system functions as an implementation
flow where the power generated by solar panels will be converted by the inverter from
DC to AC so that it can be used to supply office electricity load during the day. This
installation also uses monitoring equipment to monitor the amount of power, voltage,
and current generated by solar panels called power meters. (Gaol, Lubis, & Dalimunthe,
2024). On the inverter, there is also a monitoring device called a smartlogger which
functions to monitor the power, voltage, and current converted by the inverter and can
be accessed through a digital device application. This installation system is also
equipped with an energy meter (kWh meter) to measure the power used by the load with
specifications as zero export which serves to limit the power generated by the plant so
that excess power is not exported to the grid. (PraveenKumar, Agyekum, Kumar, &
Velkin, 2023).
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5107
Table 2
Inverter Specifications
It Criterion Capacity
SUN2000-50KTL-M0 SUN2000-15KTL-M0
1. Rated Output Power 50,000 W 15,000 W
2. Max Input Voltage 1.100 V 1,080 V
3. Operating voltage range 200 V – 1,000 V 160 V – 950 V
4. Max Current per MPPT 22 A 22 A
5. Max Output Current 83.6 V 25.2 A
6. Max Total Harmonic
Distortion <3% <3%
7. Inverter Weight 74 Kg 25 kg
Results and Discussion
Solar PV System Configuration
The configuration scheme of this solar PV system functions as an implementation
flow where the power generated by solar panels will be converted by the inverter from
DC to AC so that it can be used to supply office electricity load during the day. This
installation also uses monitoring equipment to monitor the amount of power, voltage,
and current generated by solar panels called power meters. (Gaol, Lubis, & Dalimunthe,
2024). On the inverter, there is also a monitoring device called a smartlogger which
functions to monitor the power, voltage, and current converted by the inverter and can
be accessed through a digital device application. This installation system is also
equipped with an energy meter (kWh meter) to measure the power used by the load with
specifications as zero export which serves to limit the power generated by the plant so
that excess power is not exported to the grid. (PraveenKumar, Agyekum, Kumar, &
Velkin, 2023).
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak, Parlin Siagian, Zulkarnain
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5108
Figure 2
Single Line Diagram Solar Power Plant On Grid
In this installation scheme, the solar panels consist of 10 string groups divided into 2
inverter groups, namely a 50-kilowatt inverter and a 15-kilowatt inverter, each string is
assembled in parallel, with each string consisting of 18 solar panels assembled in series.
(Muslim, Khotimah, & Azhiimah, 2020). This series and parallel series of solar panels are
intended so that the amount of voltage and current generated by the solar panel can pass the
minimum requirements to activate the inverter in the system. For the next discussion, data
from the SUN2000-50KTL-M0 type inverter with a capacity of 50 kilowatts was used.
Figure 3
Solar Panel String
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5108
Figure 2
Single Line Diagram Solar Power Plant On Grid
In this installation scheme, the solar panels consist of 10 string groups divided into 2
inverter groups, namely a 50-kilowatt inverter and a 15-kilowatt inverter, each string is
assembled in parallel, with each string consisting of 18 solar panels assembled in series.
(Muslim, Khotimah, & Azhiimah, 2020). This series and parallel series of solar panels are
intended so that the amount of voltage and current generated by the solar panel can pass the
minimum requirements to activate the inverter in the system. For the next discussion, data
from the SUN2000-50KTL-M0 type inverter with a capacity of 50 kilowatts was used.
Figure 3
Solar Panel String
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid Solar Power System at
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5109
According to Table 1 of the Solar Panel Specification, the voltage value of one solar
panel module when no-load (Voc) is 50.30 volts and the maximum voltage that a solar panel
can produce when operating at maximum power with load (Vmp) is 41.40 volts. So the
calculation of the voltage generated by the solar panel circuit is:
1. Voltage per string of solar panels (series circuit):
𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑥 18 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = = 50,30 𝑥 18 = 905,4 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑥 18 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = = 41,40 𝑥 18 = 745,2 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
2. The voltage of 8 strings assembled in parallel that goes into a 50 kilowatt inverter is:
Input Voltage : 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 905,4 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
Operating Voltage : 𝑉 𝑜𝑝 = 𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 745,2 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
So the voltage value that enters the inverter system is 905.4 volts, which is still lower
than the maximum input voltage value of the 50 kilowatt inverter, which is 1,100 V as seen
in Figure 4 about the voltage comparison graph with the 50 kW inverter specification.
(Artha, 2024). The maximum operating voltage value of 745.2 volts is still included in the
operating voltage range of the MPPT inverter, which is 200 volts – 1,000 volts.
Figure 4
Voltage Comparison Chart with 50 kW Inverter Specifications
Meanwhile, if the whole series is assembled without a parallel series, then the voltage
value is as follows:
Input Voltage : 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑥 144 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = 50,30 𝑥 144 = 7.243,2 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
Operating Voltage: 𝑉 𝑜𝑝 = 𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑥 144 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = 41,40 𝑥 144 = 5.961,6 𝑉
With the above value, it is too large and passes the maximum operating value of the
inverter specification as listed in Table 2.
771 795 782 782 777 801 789 793
1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
String 1 String 2 String 3 String 4 String 5 String 6 String 7 String 8
PERBANDINGAN TEGANGAN YANG MASUK
DENGAN SPESIFIKASI INVERTER 50 KW
Voc (V) Max. Input Voltage
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5109
According to Table 1 of the Solar Panel Specification, the voltage value of one solar
panel module when no-load (Voc) is 50.30 volts and the maximum voltage that a solar panel
can produce when operating at maximum power with load (Vmp) is 41.40 volts. So the
calculation of the voltage generated by the solar panel circuit is:
1. Voltage per string of solar panels (series circuit):
𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑥 18 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = = 50,30 𝑥 18 = 905,4 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑥 18 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = = 41,40 𝑥 18 = 745,2 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
2. The voltage of 8 strings assembled in parallel that goes into a 50 kilowatt inverter is:
Input Voltage : 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 905,4 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
Operating Voltage : 𝑉 𝑜𝑝 = 𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 745,2 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
So the voltage value that enters the inverter system is 905.4 volts, which is still lower
than the maximum input voltage value of the 50 kilowatt inverter, which is 1,100 V as seen
in Figure 4 about the voltage comparison graph with the 50 kW inverter specification.
(Artha, 2024). The maximum operating voltage value of 745.2 volts is still included in the
operating voltage range of the MPPT inverter, which is 200 volts – 1,000 volts.
Figure 4
Voltage Comparison Chart with 50 kW Inverter Specifications
Meanwhile, if the whole series is assembled without a parallel series, then the voltage
value is as follows:
Input Voltage : 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑥 144 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = 50,30 𝑥 144 = 7.243,2 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
Operating Voltage: 𝑉 𝑜𝑝 = 𝑉𝑚𝑝 𝑥 144 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = 41,40 𝑥 144 = 5.961,6 𝑉
With the above value, it is too large and passes the maximum operating value of the
inverter specification as listed in Table 2.
771 795 782 782 777 801 789 793
1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
String 1 String 2 String 3 String 4 String 5 String 6 String 7 String 8
PERBANDINGAN TEGANGAN YANG MASUK
DENGAN SPESIFIKASI INVERTER 50 KW
Voc (V) Max. Input Voltage
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak, Parlin Siagian, Zulkarnain
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5110
While the maximum current value that can be produced by solar panels when
operating at maximum power with load (Imp) is 10.87 A, then by the inverter specifications
where the inverter has several MPPT units and every 2 strings are connected to 1 MPPT unit,
so the calculation of the current value that enters 1 MPPT unit is:
1. Current per string of solar panels (series series):
𝐼𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐼𝑚𝑝 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = 10,87 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒
2. The current on 2 parallel strings that go into 1 unit of MPPT 50 kilowatt inverter is:
System Current : 𝐼 𝑜𝑝 = 𝐼𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 10,87 𝑥 2 = 21,74 𝐴
With this current value, it meets the specifications of a 50 kilowatt inverter where the
maximum value that enters the MPPT is 22 A as seen in Figure 5 regarding the current
comparison chart with the specifications of a 50 kW inverter.
Figure 5
Current Comparison Chart with 50 kW Inverter Specifications
Based on the results of the calculation above, the results of the no-load measurement
carried out in the field with the following data:
Table 3
Measurement Results of No-Load Solar Power Plant String on a 50 kW Inverter
No.
String
Number
of
Modules
Irradiation
(W/m2)
Temp. PV (C) Voltaire
(V)
Is
(A)
1 18 733 43 771 4,3
2 18 669 35 795 9,8
14,1 14,2 14,6
16,6
22 22 22 22
0
5
10
15
20
25
String 1 & String 2 String 3 & String 4 String 5 & String 6 String 7 & String 8
PERBANDINGAN ARUS YANG MASUK DENGAN
SPESIFIKASI INVERTER 50 KW
Isc (A) Max Input Current per MPPT (A)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5110
While the maximum current value that can be produced by solar panels when
operating at maximum power with load (Imp) is 10.87 A, then by the inverter specifications
where the inverter has several MPPT units and every 2 strings are connected to 1 MPPT unit,
so the calculation of the current value that enters 1 MPPT unit is:
1. Current per string of solar panels (series series):
𝐼𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐼𝑚𝑝 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 = 10,87 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒
2. The current on 2 parallel strings that go into 1 unit of MPPT 50 kilowatt inverter is:
System Current : 𝐼 𝑜𝑝 = 𝐼𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 10,87 𝑥 2 = 21,74 𝐴
With this current value, it meets the specifications of a 50 kilowatt inverter where the
maximum value that enters the MPPT is 22 A as seen in Figure 5 regarding the current
comparison chart with the specifications of a 50 kW inverter.
Figure 5
Current Comparison Chart with 50 kW Inverter Specifications
Based on the results of the calculation above, the results of the no-load measurement
carried out in the field with the following data:
Table 3
Measurement Results of No-Load Solar Power Plant String on a 50 kW Inverter
No.
String
Number
of
Modules
Irradiation
(W/m2)
Temp. PV (C) Voltaire
(V)
Is
(A)
1 18 733 43 771 4,3
2 18 669 35 795 9,8
14,1 14,2 14,6
16,6
22 22 22 22
0
5
10
15
20
25
String 1 & String 2 String 3 & String 4 String 5 & String 6 String 7 & String 8
PERBANDINGAN ARUS YANG MASUK DENGAN
SPESIFIKASI INVERTER 50 KW
Isc (A) Max Input Current per MPPT (A)
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid Solar Power System at
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5111
3 18 706 35 782 7,1
4 18 823 42 782 7,1
5 18 723 34 777 6,2
6 18 733 34 801 8,4
7 18 733 43 789 6,7
8 18 823 42 793 9,9
TOTAL 5943 6290 59,5
How Inverter on Grid Works
The On Grid inverter used in this solar PV system consists of several components
with different functions to support the maximum performance of the inverter. The initial
device contained in the inverter is an MPPT consisting of a DC - DC converter also
known as a DC Switch which functions to maximize the variable power before entering
the MPPT system. This circuit of switches regulates the current given into the inductor,
which then generates a magnetic field. (Sulistiawati & Yuwono, 2019). This magnetic
field will produce a higher or lower voltage, depending on how the switch is arranged.
The voltage generated is then smoothed using a capacitor and regulated using a control
circuit integrated with the converter. In MPPT, there is also an algorithm logic that can
maximize the irregularity and inaccuracy of the values generated from solar panels and
can synchronize frequencies according to the frequency of the PLN network.
Figure 6
Circuit Diagram Inverter on Grid SUN2000-50KTL-M0
The inverter also has a safety device called a Surge Protecting Device (SPD) that
protects electrical components from current surges due to faults in the system or the
consequences of lightning. Then there are various types of filters including EMI Filter and
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5111
3 18 706 35 782 7,1
4 18 823 42 782 7,1
5 18 723 34 777 6,2
6 18 733 34 801 8,4
7 18 733 43 789 6,7
8 18 823 42 793 9,9
TOTAL 5943 6290 59,5
How Inverter on Grid Works
The On Grid inverter used in this solar PV system consists of several components
with different functions to support the maximum performance of the inverter. The initial
device contained in the inverter is an MPPT consisting of a DC - DC converter also
known as a DC Switch which functions to maximize the variable power before entering
the MPPT system. This circuit of switches regulates the current given into the inductor,
which then generates a magnetic field. (Sulistiawati & Yuwono, 2019). This magnetic
field will produce a higher or lower voltage, depending on how the switch is arranged.
The voltage generated is then smoothed using a capacitor and regulated using a control
circuit integrated with the converter. In MPPT, there is also an algorithm logic that can
maximize the irregularity and inaccuracy of the values generated from solar panels and
can synchronize frequencies according to the frequency of the PLN network.
Figure 6
Circuit Diagram Inverter on Grid SUN2000-50KTL-M0
The inverter also has a safety device called a Surge Protecting Device (SPD) that
protects electrical components from current surges due to faults in the system or the
consequences of lightning. Then there are various types of filters including EMI Filter and
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak, Parlin Siagian, Zulkarnain
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5112
Output Filter which function to filter the interference of the transmitted electrical signal,
minimize ripples in sinusoidal waves, and also be able to filter high-frequency voltages from
the DC-DC converter so that the total harmonic distortion value obtained is low. Based on
Table 2 of the Inverter Specifications, it is stated that the maximum total harmonic distortion
or the percentage between the harmonic amount and the fundamental amount that can be
achieved by this inverter is <3%.
Comparison of Electrical Energy Consumption Before and After Solar Power
Plant Installation
Electrical energy consumption at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot office
can be compared between before the installation of the solar power plant and after the
installation of the 81 kW On-Grid solar power plant in the same month period from
April to September in the last two years shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Electrical Energy Consumption Before and After Solar Power Plant Installation
Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh) Difference
2023 –
2024 (kWh)
Solar PV
Production
(kWh)
Moon Before Solar
PV is Installed
(2023)
After the Solar
Power Plant is
Installed (2024)
April 158.368 158.528 160 9018,70
May 156.816 155.216 1.600 7382,10
June 167.072 126.873 40.199 8423,20
July 160.256 120.172 40.084 8422,60
August 164.880 161.509 3.371 7372,20
September 162.912 162.606 306 7935,52
Total 970.304 884.904 85.400 48.554,32
Average 161.717 147.484 14.233 8.092,39
In the table above, there is a stable difference in electrical energy from the period June
to July, while in the period of April – May, it is estimated that the consumption of electrical
energy is quite large due to the number of holiday events so that Pertamina carries out a task
force (task force) on holidays so that many use electronic devices such as air conditioners,
lighting, and others, especially during Peak Load Time (WBP).
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5112
Output Filter which function to filter the interference of the transmitted electrical signal,
minimize ripples in sinusoidal waves, and also be able to filter high-frequency voltages from
the DC-DC converter so that the total harmonic distortion value obtained is low. Based on
Table 2 of the Inverter Specifications, it is stated that the maximum total harmonic distortion
or the percentage between the harmonic amount and the fundamental amount that can be
achieved by this inverter is <3%.
Comparison of Electrical Energy Consumption Before and After Solar Power
Plant Installation
Electrical energy consumption at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot office
can be compared between before the installation of the solar power plant and after the
installation of the 81 kW On-Grid solar power plant in the same month period from
April to September in the last two years shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Electrical Energy Consumption Before and After Solar Power Plant Installation
Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh) Difference
2023 –
2024 (kWh)
Solar PV
Production
(kWh)
Moon Before Solar
PV is Installed
(2023)
After the Solar
Power Plant is
Installed (2024)
April 158.368 158.528 160 9018,70
May 156.816 155.216 1.600 7382,10
June 167.072 126.873 40.199 8423,20
July 160.256 120.172 40.084 8422,60
August 164.880 161.509 3.371 7372,20
September 162.912 162.606 306 7935,52
Total 970.304 884.904 85.400 48.554,32
Average 161.717 147.484 14.233 8.092,39
In the table above, there is a stable difference in electrical energy from the period June
to July, while in the period of April – May, it is estimated that the consumption of electrical
energy is quite large due to the number of holiday events so that Pertamina carries out a task
force (task force) on holidays so that many use electronic devices such as air conditioners,
lighting, and others, especially during Peak Load Time (WBP).
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid Solar Power System at
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5113
Figure 7
Comparison Chart of Electrical Energy Consumption and Solar Power Plant Production
Meanwhile, from August to September, there is a 3 x 10,000 KL storage tank
construction project that requires a lot of electrical energy use, especially in that period until
the project is completed. As seen in Figure 4, which is a comparative graph of electrical
energy consumption in the period of 6 months from April to September before the
installation of solar power plants (2023) and after the installation of solar power plants
(2024), where there was the largest decrease in electrical energy consumption in June and
July where before the installation of solar power plants the total usage was 327,328 kWh, but
after the installation of solar power plants the consumption of electrical energy was 247,045
kWh so that a total decrease was achieved up to 80,283 kWh.
Efficiency of Saving Electrical Energy Costs at 81 kWp On-Grid Solar Power
Plant
A comparison of the costs incurred before and after the installation of the 81 kW On
Grid Solar Power Plant at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot office can be seen in
Table 5. Savings on electricity costs at a percentage rate can be measured after comparison.
Table 5
Electricity Account Payment (Rp) Before and After Solar Power Plant Installation
Moon Year (2023) Year (2024) Savings (Rp) Percentage
(%)
April 197.209.198 198.640.231 -1.431.033 -0,73%
May 195.012.516 194.575.002 437.514 0,22%
June 207.727.750 195.484.665 12.243.085 5,89%
158.368 156.816 167.072 160.256 164.880 162.912158.528 155.216
126.873 120.172
161.509 162.606
9018,70 7382,10 8423,20 8422,60 7372,20 7935,52
-6.00012.00018.00024.00030.00036.00042.00048.00054.00060.00066.00072.00078.00084.00090.00096.000102.000108.000114.000120.000126.000132.000138.000144.000150.000156.000162.000168.000174.000180.000
April Mei Juni Juli Agustus September
PERBANDINGAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK
DAN PRODUKSI PLTS
Sebelum Terpasang PLTS Setelah Terpasang PLTS
Produksi PLTS
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5113
Figure 7
Comparison Chart of Electrical Energy Consumption and Solar Power Plant Production
Meanwhile, from August to September, there is a 3 x 10,000 KL storage tank
construction project that requires a lot of electrical energy use, especially in that period until
the project is completed. As seen in Figure 4, which is a comparative graph of electrical
energy consumption in the period of 6 months from April to September before the
installation of solar power plants (2023) and after the installation of solar power plants
(2024), where there was the largest decrease in electrical energy consumption in June and
July where before the installation of solar power plants the total usage was 327,328 kWh, but
after the installation of solar power plants the consumption of electrical energy was 247,045
kWh so that a total decrease was achieved up to 80,283 kWh.
Efficiency of Saving Electrical Energy Costs at 81 kWp On-Grid Solar Power
Plant
A comparison of the costs incurred before and after the installation of the 81 kW On
Grid Solar Power Plant at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot office can be seen in
Table 5. Savings on electricity costs at a percentage rate can be measured after comparison.
Table 5
Electricity Account Payment (Rp) Before and After Solar Power Plant Installation
Moon Year (2023) Year (2024) Savings (Rp) Percentage
(%)
April 197.209.198 198.640.231 -1.431.033 -0,73%
May 195.012.516 194.575.002 437.514 0,22%
June 207.727.750 195.484.665 12.243.085 5,89%
158.368 156.816 167.072 160.256 164.880 162.912158.528 155.216
126.873 120.172
161.509 162.606
9018,70 7382,10 8423,20 8422,60 7372,20 7935,52
-6.00012.00018.00024.00030.00036.00042.00048.00054.00060.00066.00072.00078.00084.00090.00096.000102.000108.000114.000120.000126.000132.000138.000144.000150.000156.000162.000168.000174.000180.000
April Mei Juni Juli Agustus September
PERBANDINGAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK
DAN PRODUKSI PLTS
Sebelum Terpasang PLTS Setelah Terpasang PLTS
Produksi PLTS
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak, Parlin Siagian, Zulkarnain
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5114
July 199.989.230 186.143.752 13.845.478 6,92%
August 205.120.900 202.112.083 3.008.817 1,47%
September 203.316.156 203.586.867 -270.711 -0,13%
Total 1.208.375.750 1.180.542.600 27.833.150 13,65%
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions
Based on PLN RUPTL data 2021 – 2030, the emission factor in the Sumatra region in
2021 is 0.850 kg CO2/kWh or equivalent to 236,111,106 kg CO2/TJ and in accordance with
the energy production data produced by the 81 kW On Grid Solar Power Plant which is used
in the calculation of reducing CO 2 gas emissions for 5 months starting from April to
September, it can be seen in Table 6.
Table 6
Solar PV Production from April to September 2024
Moon Total Production
April 9.018,70
May 7.382,10
June 8.423,20
July 8.422,60
August 7.372,20
September 7.935,52
Total 48.554,32
Based on the data in Table 6, from the production of 81 kW of Solar Power Plants on
the Grid, the total production from April to September was 48,554.32 kWh, or equivalent to
0.173 TeraJoule. Thus, CO2 gas emissions can be calculated based on the following
equation:
CO Gas Emissions2 (kg) = 236,111,106 kg CO2/TJ x 0.173 TJ
= 40,847,221 kg CO2 e
Based on the results of calculations from environmental emissions, the production of
81 kWh of electrical energy produced by PTLS On Grid at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel
Depot Office is 48,554.32 kWh for 6 months, equivalent to reducing CO 2 gas emissions by
40,847,221 kg of CO2 e and contributing to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and climate
change indirectly.
Conclusion
Based on the results and discussion of the research at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli
Fuel Depot Office, it can be concluded that the installed electrical system in the form of
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5114
July 199.989.230 186.143.752 13.845.478 6,92%
August 205.120.900 202.112.083 3.008.817 1,47%
September 203.316.156 203.586.867 -270.711 -0,13%
Total 1.208.375.750 1.180.542.600 27.833.150 13,65%
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions
Based on PLN RUPTL data 2021 – 2030, the emission factor in the Sumatra region in
2021 is 0.850 kg CO2/kWh or equivalent to 236,111,106 kg CO2/TJ and in accordance with
the energy production data produced by the 81 kW On Grid Solar Power Plant which is used
in the calculation of reducing CO 2 gas emissions for 5 months starting from April to
September, it can be seen in Table 6.
Table 6
Solar PV Production from April to September 2024
Moon Total Production
April 9.018,70
May 7.382,10
June 8.423,20
July 8.422,60
August 7.372,20
September 7.935,52
Total 48.554,32
Based on the data in Table 6, from the production of 81 kW of Solar Power Plants on
the Grid, the total production from April to September was 48,554.32 kWh, or equivalent to
0.173 TeraJoule. Thus, CO2 gas emissions can be calculated based on the following
equation:
CO Gas Emissions2 (kg) = 236,111,106 kg CO2/TJ x 0.173 TJ
= 40,847,221 kg CO2 e
Based on the results of calculations from environmental emissions, the production of
81 kWh of electrical energy produced by PTLS On Grid at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel
Depot Office is 48,554.32 kWh for 6 months, equivalent to reducing CO 2 gas emissions by
40,847,221 kg of CO2 e and contributing to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and climate
change indirectly.
Conclusion
Based on the results and discussion of the research at the Pertamina Labuhan Deli
Fuel Depot Office, it can be concluded that the installed electrical system in the form of
Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Implementation of On-Grid Solar Power System at
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5115
Solar Power Plant On Grid with a capacity of 81 kW has a total of 180 PV modules
grouped into 10 strings, where each PV module has a power of 450 Watts. The system
is equipped with two on-grid inverter units with a capacity of 50 kW and 15 kW
respectively, as well as monitoring equipment such as power meters, kWh meters, and
smartloggers that are connected to digital device applications. PV modules in solar PV
are assembled in series and parallel so that the voltage and current generated are to the
specifications of the inverter used, while the inverter is equipped with MPPT to adjust
the voltage generated by the solar panels to suit the needs of electrical equipment.
During the six months in 2024, this solar power plant produced a total of 48,554.32
kWh of energy, which provides electricity cost savings of IDR 27,833,150 with a
difference of 13.65%. In addition, energy production can reduce CO2 gas emissions by
40,847,221 kg CO2e, thereby contributing to efforts to reduce carbon emissions and
mitigate climate change indirectly.
Pertamina Labuhan Deli Fuel Depot
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5115
Solar Power Plant On Grid with a capacity of 81 kW has a total of 180 PV modules
grouped into 10 strings, where each PV module has a power of 450 Watts. The system
is equipped with two on-grid inverter units with a capacity of 50 kW and 15 kW
respectively, as well as monitoring equipment such as power meters, kWh meters, and
smartloggers that are connected to digital device applications. PV modules in solar PV
are assembled in series and parallel so that the voltage and current generated are to the
specifications of the inverter used, while the inverter is equipped with MPPT to adjust
the voltage generated by the solar panels to suit the needs of electrical equipment.
During the six months in 2024, this solar power plant produced a total of 48,554.32
kWh of energy, which provides electricity cost savings of IDR 27,833,150 with a
difference of 13.65%. In addition, energy production can reduce CO2 gas emissions by
40,847,221 kg CO2e, thereby contributing to efforts to reduce carbon emissions and
mitigate climate change indirectly.
Enos Anggiat Simanjuntak, Parlin Siagian, Zulkarnain
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5116
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Sulistiawati, Eka, & Yuwono, Bambang Endro. (2019). Analisis tingkat efisiensi energi
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5116
Bibliography
Acosta, L., & Suresh, S. (2016). Solar energy and inclusive green growth in India: A
study of policy impacts on green employment generation in the private sector
along the solar energy value chain. Case Study Prepared for Deutsche
Gesellschaft Für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.
Artha, Roy Sukma. (2024). Analisis Penghematan Energi PLN Untuk Akomodasi
Pariwisata dengan Sistem Tenaga Surya yang Terintegrasi dengan Sistem IoT.
Politeknik Negeri Bali.
Diantari, Retno Aita, Suyanto, Heri, & Hidayat, Syarif. (2023). Analysis Inverter of
PLTS On Grid. 2023 7th International Conference on Electronics, Materials
Engineering & Nano-Technology (IEMENTech), 1–6. IEEE.
Gaol, Hagai Fernando Lumban, Lubis, Zulkarnain, & Dalimunthe, Muhammad Erpandi.
(2024). An Analysis Of The Potential Of Renewable Energy Solar Panels In
Ecotourism Development Planning. Jurnal Scientia, 13(03), 450–462.
Kusumaningtyas, Ajeng Bening, Nadhiroh, Nuha, Sukatno, Gilang Satrio, Siadari,
Hezkia Putra Rendy, & Dewantara, Muhamad Catur. (2024). Analisis Daya
Luaran Protipe Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Terapung. Seminar Nasional
Teknik Elektro, 10(1), 215–221.
Muslim, Supari, Khotimah, Khusnul, & Azhiimah, Alfiantin Noor. (2020). analisis
kritis terhadap perencanaan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) tipe
photovoltaic (PV) sebagai energi alternatif masa depan. Rang Teknik Journal,
3(1), 119–130.
Praveen Kumar, Seepana, Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah, Kumar, Abhinav, & Velkin,
Vladimir Ivanovich. (2023). Performance evaluation with low-cost aluminum
reflectors and phase change material integrated to solar PV modules using natural
air convection: An experimental investigation. Energy, 266, 126415.
Rahmanta, Mujammil Asdhiyoga, Adhi, Andrew Cahyo, Tambunan, Handrea
Bernando, Digwijaya, Wigas, Damanik, Natalina, & Al Hasibi, Rahmat
Adiprasetya. (2023). An analysis of national position, opportunity, and challenge
of Indonesia’s nuclear program to support net-zero emissions by 2060. Energies,
16(24), 8089.
Rifaldi, Muhammad, Alham, Nur Rani, Izzah, Nurul, Ihsan, Muhammad Nur, &
Sugianto, Muhammad. (2023). Analisis Efisiensi Sistem Pembangkit Listrik
Tenaga Surya sebagai Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan. Jurnal Rekayasa Tropis,
Teknologi, Dan Inovasi (RETROTEKIN), 1(1), 16–24.
Sulistiawati, Eka, & Yuwono, Bambang Endro. (2019). Analisis tingkat efisiensi energi
dalam penerapan solar panel pada atap rumah tinggal. Prosiding Seminar
Intelektual Muda, 1(2).