p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2 024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5291
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive
Strength and Tensile Strength in Hpc (High-Performance
Concrete) Concrete
Agustinus Simangunsong1*, Johannes Tarigan2, Nursyamsi3, Ricky Bakara4
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]1*, [email protected]2,
[email protected]3
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: HPC
concrete; 3D Dramix steel
fiber; compressive
strength; tensile strength.
Concrete material is one of the most widely used
construction materials in Indonesia due to its high
compressive strength and adaptability to various
construction needs. Despite its benefits, concrete has
limitations, notably its weakness in tension and tendency to
crack under tensile stress. This research focuses on High-
Performance Concrete (HPC) with compressive strength
exceeding 80 MPa, reinforced with 3D Dramix steel fibers
to enhance both compressive and tensile strength. The study
aimed to evaluate the compressive strength and splitting
tensile strength of HPC mixed with varying percentages
(0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) of Dramix 3D steel fibers.
Additionally, the methodology involved microstructure
analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and
mechanical testing on HPC samples cured at 7, 14, and 28
days. Results indicate that the compressive strength reached
a maximum of 94.776 MPa, and tensile strength reached
6.599 MPa with a 9% fiber addition at 28 days, highlighting
the material's potential application in high-performance
structural elements. The findings suggest that 3D Dramix
steel fibers significantly enhance the mechanical properties
of HPC, making it a viable option for durable construction.
Introduction
Concrete material is a type of construction material that is very often used and
found in construction projects, especially in Indonesia, as well as in the construction of
roads, irrigation, buildings, and so on (Fournari & Ioannou, 2019). The things that make
concrete materials more often used in construction in Indonesia are that concrete
constituents are relatively easy to find in various places with a lower cost budget
compared to other types of construction materials, causing concrete materials to be very
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2 024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5291
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive
Strength and Tensile Strength in Hpc (High-Performance
Concrete) Concrete
Agustinus Simangunsong1*, Johannes Tarigan2, Nursyamsi3, Ricky Bakara4
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]1*, [email protected]2,
[email protected]3
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: HPC
concrete; 3D Dramix steel
fiber; compressive
strength; tensile strength.
Concrete material is one of the most widely used
construction materials in Indonesia due to its high
compressive strength and adaptability to various
construction needs. Despite its benefits, concrete has
limitations, notably its weakness in tension and tendency to
crack under tensile stress. This research focuses on High-
Performance Concrete (HPC) with compressive strength
exceeding 80 MPa, reinforced with 3D Dramix steel fibers
to enhance both compressive and tensile strength. The study
aimed to evaluate the compressive strength and splitting
tensile strength of HPC mixed with varying percentages
(0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) of Dramix 3D steel fibers.
Additionally, the methodology involved microstructure
analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and
mechanical testing on HPC samples cured at 7, 14, and 28
days. Results indicate that the compressive strength reached
a maximum of 94.776 MPa, and tensile strength reached
6.599 MPa with a 9% fiber addition at 28 days, highlighting
the material's potential application in high-performance
structural elements. The findings suggest that 3D Dramix
steel fibers significantly enhance the mechanical properties
of HPC, making it a viable option for durable construction.
Introduction
Concrete material is a type of construction material that is very often used and
found in construction projects, especially in Indonesia, as well as in the construction of
roads, irrigation, buildings, and so on (Fournari & Ioannou, 2019). The things that make
concrete materials more often used in construction in Indonesia are that concrete
constituents are relatively easy to find in various places with a lower cost budget
compared to other types of construction materials, causing concrete materials to be very
Agustinus Simangunsong, Johannes Tarigan, Nursyamsi, Ricky Bakara
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5292
often found and used in construction projects in Indonesia. According to (Zaniewski,
Bessette, Rashidi, & Bikya, 2012), the characteristics of concrete are that it has a
relatively high compressive strength value but a relatively low tensile strength value.
The advantages found in concrete materials include relatively high compressive strength
values, the material can also be easily shaped, an economical cost budget, good
resistance to various conditions that occur in the environment, and concrete materials
can be strong and durable (Putra, 2022).
In addition to the advantages of concrete, this material also has disadvantages that
cause the service life to be reduced. There are brittle properties in concrete so it makes
cracks and can easily be damaged if tensile force is applied. (Alani, Tayeh, Johari, &
Majid, 2024). The cause of concrete cracks is when there is excess capacity in the
tensile load. Cracks in concrete, when left continuously, can increase corrosion in the
steel reinforcement due to the reaction of air and water. The most important focus of
this research is to increase the tensile capacity of concrete, namely by researching high-
quality concrete or HPC (High-Performance Concrete).
According to (Irianti, Sebayang, & Putra, 2024), high-quality concrete or HPC
(High-Performance Concrete) is concrete used with a concrete compressive strength
value above 70 MPa and is made like ordinary concrete but added with special
materials. According to (Akeed et al., 2022), the requirement for high-quality concrete
is the compressive strength value of concrete above 80 MPa.
The fiber material used in the HPC concrete mixture is Dramix 3D steel fiber as
the mixture on the concrete. Although there have been many studies that have used
Dramix 3D steel fiber as a mixture material in concrete in reinforcement to improve the
performance of mechanical properties in concrete, this scientific research is more
focused on high-quality concrete or HPC (High-Performance Concrete) with a mixture
of Dramix 3D steel fiber. (Baharuddin, Nazri, Bakar, Beddu, & Tayeh, 2020).
This study aims to Evaluate the Effect of 3D Dramix Steel Fiber on Concrete
Strength: To assess how the variation in the percentage of 3D Dramix steel fiber (0%,
3%, 6%, and 9%) affects the compressive and tensile strength of High-Performance
Concrete (HPC), analyze Microstructure Change: Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) to observe the microstructure modification in HPC due to the addition of 3D
Dramix steel fiber and determine the Optimal Fiber Content: Identify the optimal
percentage of Dramix 3D steel fibers to maximize compressive and tensile strength
without sacrificing workability. (Wawan, 2024).
Method
Research Stages
There are several stages in the research listed below:
a. Preparation of Research Materials
The materials used in this HPC concrete mixture are PCC type 1 cement, silica
powder (silica fume), superplasticizer, river sand, Dramix 3D steel fiber, and also water.
b. Preparation of Research Tools
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5292
often found and used in construction projects in Indonesia. According to (Zaniewski,
Bessette, Rashidi, & Bikya, 2012), the characteristics of concrete are that it has a
relatively high compressive strength value but a relatively low tensile strength value.
The advantages found in concrete materials include relatively high compressive strength
values, the material can also be easily shaped, an economical cost budget, good
resistance to various conditions that occur in the environment, and concrete materials
can be strong and durable (Putra, 2022).
In addition to the advantages of concrete, this material also has disadvantages that
cause the service life to be reduced. There are brittle properties in concrete so it makes
cracks and can easily be damaged if tensile force is applied. (Alani, Tayeh, Johari, &
Majid, 2024). The cause of concrete cracks is when there is excess capacity in the
tensile load. Cracks in concrete, when left continuously, can increase corrosion in the
steel reinforcement due to the reaction of air and water. The most important focus of
this research is to increase the tensile capacity of concrete, namely by researching high-
quality concrete or HPC (High-Performance Concrete).
According to (Irianti, Sebayang, & Putra, 2024), high-quality concrete or HPC
(High-Performance Concrete) is concrete used with a concrete compressive strength
value above 70 MPa and is made like ordinary concrete but added with special
materials. According to (Akeed et al., 2022), the requirement for high-quality concrete
is the compressive strength value of concrete above 80 MPa.
The fiber material used in the HPC concrete mixture is Dramix 3D steel fiber as
the mixture on the concrete. Although there have been many studies that have used
Dramix 3D steel fiber as a mixture material in concrete in reinforcement to improve the
performance of mechanical properties in concrete, this scientific research is more
focused on high-quality concrete or HPC (High-Performance Concrete) with a mixture
of Dramix 3D steel fiber. (Baharuddin, Nazri, Bakar, Beddu, & Tayeh, 2020).
This study aims to Evaluate the Effect of 3D Dramix Steel Fiber on Concrete
Strength: To assess how the variation in the percentage of 3D Dramix steel fiber (0%,
3%, 6%, and 9%) affects the compressive and tensile strength of High-Performance
Concrete (HPC), analyze Microstructure Change: Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) to observe the microstructure modification in HPC due to the addition of 3D
Dramix steel fiber and determine the Optimal Fiber Content: Identify the optimal
percentage of Dramix 3D steel fibers to maximize compressive and tensile strength
without sacrificing workability. (Wawan, 2024).
Method
Research Stages
There are several stages in the research listed below:
a. Preparation of Research Materials
The materials used in this HPC concrete mixture are PCC type 1 cement, silica
powder (silica fume), superplasticizer, river sand, Dramix 3D steel fiber, and also water.
b. Preparation of Research Tools
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength and Tensile
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5293
In addition to materials, there are tools used for this research such as concrete
cylinder test object molds, mixer boxes, abrams cones, cement spoons, buckets, digital
compression machine tests, and measuring tools, namely meters.
c. HPC Concrete Mix Design Mix Planning
The mix design mix planning on HPC concrete refers to the mix design data made
by Tayeh, et al. (2013). Especially in this concrete research, the materials used are PCC
type 1 cement, silica powder (silica fume), superplasticizer, river sand, water, and the
percentage of addition of Dramix 3D steel fiber as stated in Table 2.
Table 1
Mix Design Concrete HPC Mix
d. Slump Flow Testing and T50 Testing
The purpose of slump flow testing is to determine the results of flowability in
concrete by calculating the diameter of concrete flow after the concrete flow process
stops. However, in this test, the first step carried out is the T50 test, which aims to
determine the process time of concrete flow until it reaches a flow diameter of 50 cm.
The tools used in this test are abrams cones, meter tools, and timing devices. As well as
plywood material as a base in slump flow testing by making circle boundaries with a
diameter of 20 cm, 50 cm, 65 cm, and also 85 cm. The slump flow testing procedure is
that the Abrams cone tool is placed on a plywood board that has been marked in the
middle of the circle boundary, then fresh HPC concrete is inserted into the Abrams cone
as a note that the fresh concrete is not allowed to have vibration and compaction, it is
recommended that the process of fresh HPC concrete is inserted into the cone carefully
and does not cause it to spill out from the inside Abrams cones. After that, the cone is
lifted on top, and make sure to record the time starting from the beginning of the cone
until the flow process reaches a diameter of 50 cm, as the beginning of the T50 test
process in seconds. Then after recording the time until it reaches the flow process
reaching a diameter of 50 cm, let the concrete continue to flow until it stops and reaches
the maximum diameter. Then measure and record the diameter of the slump flow. The
Materials Used
Volume Beton HPC
0% 3% 6% 9%
(kg/m3)
Air 133 133 133 133
Semen PCC Type 1 768 768 768 768
Silica Powder 192 192 192 192
Superplasticizer 40 40 40 40
River Sand 1.140 1.140 1.140 1.140
Serat Baja Dramix 3D - 4,71 9,42 14,13
Cement Water Factor
(f.a.s.) 0,173 0,173 0,173 0,173
Rasio w/b 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5293
In addition to materials, there are tools used for this research such as concrete
cylinder test object molds, mixer boxes, abrams cones, cement spoons, buckets, digital
compression machine tests, and measuring tools, namely meters.
c. HPC Concrete Mix Design Mix Planning
The mix design mix planning on HPC concrete refers to the mix design data made
by Tayeh, et al. (2013). Especially in this concrete research, the materials used are PCC
type 1 cement, silica powder (silica fume), superplasticizer, river sand, water, and the
percentage of addition of Dramix 3D steel fiber as stated in Table 2.
Table 1
Mix Design Concrete HPC Mix
d. Slump Flow Testing and T50 Testing
The purpose of slump flow testing is to determine the results of flowability in
concrete by calculating the diameter of concrete flow after the concrete flow process
stops. However, in this test, the first step carried out is the T50 test, which aims to
determine the process time of concrete flow until it reaches a flow diameter of 50 cm.
The tools used in this test are abrams cones, meter tools, and timing devices. As well as
plywood material as a base in slump flow testing by making circle boundaries with a
diameter of 20 cm, 50 cm, 65 cm, and also 85 cm. The slump flow testing procedure is
that the Abrams cone tool is placed on a plywood board that has been marked in the
middle of the circle boundary, then fresh HPC concrete is inserted into the Abrams cone
as a note that the fresh concrete is not allowed to have vibration and compaction, it is
recommended that the process of fresh HPC concrete is inserted into the cone carefully
and does not cause it to spill out from the inside Abrams cones. After that, the cone is
lifted on top, and make sure to record the time starting from the beginning of the cone
until the flow process reaches a diameter of 50 cm, as the beginning of the T50 test
process in seconds. Then after recording the time until it reaches the flow process
reaching a diameter of 50 cm, let the concrete continue to flow until it stops and reaches
the maximum diameter. Then measure and record the diameter of the slump flow. The
Materials Used
Volume Beton HPC
0% 3% 6% 9%
(kg/m3)
Air 133 133 133 133
Semen PCC Type 1 768 768 768 768
Silica Powder 192 192 192 192
Superplasticizer 40 40 40 40
River Sand 1.140 1.140 1.140 1.140
Serat Baja Dramix 3D - 4,71 9,42 14,13
Cement Water Factor
(f.a.s.) 0,173 0,173 0,173 0,173
Rasio w/b 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
Agustinus Simangunsong, Johannes Tarigan, Nursyamsi, Ricky Bakara
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5294
standards on slump flow testing and T50 testing are based on EFNARC regulations and
JSFC regulations.
Figure 2
Sketch of Slump Flow Testing Process and T50 Testing on HPC Concrete
e. Sample quantity of HPC Concrete Cylinder Test Specimen
The number of samples and also the dimensions of the HPC concrete cylinder test
piece, it is differentiated according to the type of concrete testing. For concrete test
pieces used in compressive strength testing use concrete cylinders with a height of 20
cm and a diameter of 10 cm, and for concrete test specimens used in concrete tensile
strength testing use concrete cylinders with a height of 19.6 cm and a diameter of 12.5
cm. Samples of HPC concrete cylinder test pieces are loaded in Table 3. below.
Table 3
Sample quantity of HPC Concrete Cylinder Test Specimen
f. HPC Concrete Volume Weight Inspection
After the HPC concrete test piece has been made, then an HPC concrete volume
weight check is carried out which is defined as the weight check of concrete after being
weighed and distributed with the calculation of the volume of the concrete cylinder test
No.
Concrete
Test
Specimen
Sample
Code
Cylinder Specimen According to Testing
Compressive Strength of
Concrete
Tensile
Strength
Concrete
Slats
7 Days
Old
Age
14 Days
Age
28 Days
Age
28 days
1 BOO-0% 3 3 3 3
2 BOO-3% 3 3 3 3
3 BOO-6% 3 3 3 3
4 BOO-9% 3 3 3 3
20 cm
30 cm
10 cm
Kerucut Abrams
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5294
standards on slump flow testing and T50 testing are based on EFNARC regulations and
JSFC regulations.
Figure 2
Sketch of Slump Flow Testing Process and T50 Testing on HPC Concrete
e. Sample quantity of HPC Concrete Cylinder Test Specimen
The number of samples and also the dimensions of the HPC concrete cylinder test
piece, it is differentiated according to the type of concrete testing. For concrete test
pieces used in compressive strength testing use concrete cylinders with a height of 20
cm and a diameter of 10 cm, and for concrete test specimens used in concrete tensile
strength testing use concrete cylinders with a height of 19.6 cm and a diameter of 12.5
cm. Samples of HPC concrete cylinder test pieces are loaded in Table 3. below.
Table 3
Sample quantity of HPC Concrete Cylinder Test Specimen
f. HPC Concrete Volume Weight Inspection
After the HPC concrete test piece has been made, then an HPC concrete volume
weight check is carried out which is defined as the weight check of concrete after being
weighed and distributed with the calculation of the volume of the concrete cylinder test
No.
Concrete
Test
Specimen
Sample
Code
Cylinder Specimen According to Testing
Compressive Strength of
Concrete
Tensile
Strength
Concrete
Slats
7 Days
Old
Age
14 Days
Age
28 Days
Age
28 days
1 BOO-0% 3 3 3 3
2 BOO-3% 3 3 3 3
3 BOO-6% 3 3 3 3
4 BOO-9% 3 3 3 3
20 cm
30 cm
10 cm
Kerucut Abrams
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength and Tensile
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5295
piece. In Table 4. The types of concrete based on the weight of the volume of concrete
according to Tjokrodimuljo (2007) are listed as follows.
Table 4
Types of Concrete Based on Concrete Volume Weight Inspection
g. HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Testing
According to Wang and Salmon (1990), the compressive strength of concrete is a
test of a load pressed by a machine per unit area of a concrete base so that the concrete
test piece is destroyed due to a compressive force affected by the press. The formula for
testing the compressive strength of concrete is listed in equation (1) below as follows.
f’c = P
1
4 . π . D2 (1)
Where: f’c = Compressive strength of concrete (kN/m2)
P = Compressive force on concrete (kN)
D = Diameter on concrete cylinder (m)
h. Concrete Screed Tensile Strength Testing
According to SNI 2491:2014, concrete tensile strength is a test to determine the
value of concrete tensile strength indirectly through a test piece cylinder placed in a
horizontal position and parallel to the table surface before the testing machine is
pressed. The formula for testing the tensile strength of concrete is listed in equation (2)
below as follows.
fct = 2P
π . Ls . D
(2)
Information:
Fact = Tensile strength of concrete slats (kN/m2)
P = Maximum tensile load applied (kN)
Ls= Height on concrete cylinder (m)
D= Diameter in concrete cylinder (m)
Types of Concrete Volume Weight
(kg/m3) Concrete Function
Ultra-light concrete < 1,000 Non-structure
Lightweight Concrete 1.000 – 2.000 Lightweight
structure
Concrete Normal
(Ordinary Concrete) 2.300 – 2.500 Structure
Heavy Concrete > 3,000 X-ray shielding
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5295
piece. In Table 4. The types of concrete based on the weight of the volume of concrete
according to Tjokrodimuljo (2007) are listed as follows.
Table 4
Types of Concrete Based on Concrete Volume Weight Inspection
g. HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Testing
According to Wang and Salmon (1990), the compressive strength of concrete is a
test of a load pressed by a machine per unit area of a concrete base so that the concrete
test piece is destroyed due to a compressive force affected by the press. The formula for
testing the compressive strength of concrete is listed in equation (1) below as follows.
f’c = P
1
4 . π . D2 (1)
Where: f’c = Compressive strength of concrete (kN/m2)
P = Compressive force on concrete (kN)
D = Diameter on concrete cylinder (m)
h. Concrete Screed Tensile Strength Testing
According to SNI 2491:2014, concrete tensile strength is a test to determine the
value of concrete tensile strength indirectly through a test piece cylinder placed in a
horizontal position and parallel to the table surface before the testing machine is
pressed. The formula for testing the tensile strength of concrete is listed in equation (2)
below as follows.
fct = 2P
π . Ls . D
(2)
Information:
Fact = Tensile strength of concrete slats (kN/m2)
P = Maximum tensile load applied (kN)
Ls= Height on concrete cylinder (m)
D= Diameter in concrete cylinder (m)
Types of Concrete Volume Weight
(kg/m3) Concrete Function
Ultra-light concrete < 1,000 Non-structure
Lightweight Concrete 1.000 – 2.000 Lightweight
structure
Concrete Normal
(Ordinary Concrete) 2.300 – 2.500 Structure
Heavy Concrete > 3,000 X-ray shielding
Agustinus Simangunsong, Johannes Tarigan, Nursyamsi, Ricky Bakara
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5296
Results and Discussion
Results of Slump Flow Testing and T50 Testing on HPC Concrete
The test begins with the creation of a mix design on HPC fresh concrete which is
added with the percentage of 3D dramix steel fiber. In Table 5. and Figure 3.
Table 5
Slump Flow Test Results on HPC Concrete
Figure 3
Relationship of Slump Flow to the Addition of 3D Dramix Steel Fiber
After calculating the slump flow of HPC concrete, the T50 test was carried out.
Below is also attached the T50 test data in Table 6. and Figure 4. below.
No. Percentage Addition of
Dramix 3D Steel Fiber
Diameter
Slump Flow
(cm)
Standard
EFNARC
(55 – 85 cm)
Standard
JSCE
(50 – 65 cm)
1 0% 100,6 Not OK! Not OK!
2 3% 95,4 Not OK! Not OK!
3 6% 89,8 Not OK! Not OK!
4 9% 86,3 Not OK! Not OK!
100,6 95,4 89,8 86,3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0 3 6 9
Slump Flow Beton HPC (cm)
EFNARC Maximum
Limit
Maximum Limit of
JSCE
Minimum Limit
EFNARC
Minimum Limit JSCE
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5296
Results and Discussion
Results of Slump Flow Testing and T50 Testing on HPC Concrete
The test begins with the creation of a mix design on HPC fresh concrete which is
added with the percentage of 3D dramix steel fiber. In Table 5. and Figure 3.
Table 5
Slump Flow Test Results on HPC Concrete
Figure 3
Relationship of Slump Flow to the Addition of 3D Dramix Steel Fiber
After calculating the slump flow of HPC concrete, the T50 test was carried out.
Below is also attached the T50 test data in Table 6. and Figure 4. below.
No. Percentage Addition of
Dramix 3D Steel Fiber
Diameter
Slump Flow
(cm)
Standard
EFNARC
(55 – 85 cm)
Standard
JSCE
(50 – 65 cm)
1 0% 100,6 Not OK! Not OK!
2 3% 95,4 Not OK! Not OK!
3 6% 89,8 Not OK! Not OK!
4 9% 86,3 Not OK! Not OK!
100,6 95,4 89,8 86,3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0 3 6 9
Slump Flow Beton HPC (cm)
EFNARC Maximum
Limit
Maximum Limit of
JSCE
Minimum Limit
EFNARC
Minimum Limit JSCE
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength and Tensile
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5297
Table 6
T50 Test Results on HPC Concrete
Figure 4
Relationship of T50 Testing to the Addition of 3D Dramix Steel Fiber
From the results of the HPC (High-Performance Concrete) concrete slump flow
test above, it can be concluded that the more the percentage of 3D dramatic steel fibers
increases, the diameter flow in fresh concrete will decrease, this event is due to a
decrease in workability in concrete with the addition of a percentage of 3D dramatic
steel fibers. Then from the results of the T50 test on HPC concrete (High-Performance
Concrete) above can be concluded that the higher the percentage of 3D dramatic steel
fiber, the slower the flow process time of the diameter of fresh concrete, this incident is
No. Percentage Addition of
Dramix 3D Steel Fiber
T50
(sec)
Standard
EFNARC
(55 – 85 cm)
Standard
JSCE
(50 – 65 cm)
1 0% 05,56 OK! OK!
2 3% 06,21 OK! OK!
3 6% 06,90 Not OK! OK!
4 9% 07,68 Not OK! OK!
5,56
6,21 6,9 7,68
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0 3 6 9
T50 (cm)
Persentase Serat Baja Dramix 3D
(%)
EFNARC Maximum
Limit
Maximum Limit of
JSCE
EFNARC Minimum
Limit
JSCE Minimum
Limit
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5297
Table 6
T50 Test Results on HPC Concrete
Figure 4
Relationship of T50 Testing to the Addition of 3D Dramix Steel Fiber
From the results of the HPC (High-Performance Concrete) concrete slump flow
test above, it can be concluded that the more the percentage of 3D dramatic steel fibers
increases, the diameter flow in fresh concrete will decrease, this event is due to a
decrease in workability in concrete with the addition of a percentage of 3D dramatic
steel fibers. Then from the results of the T50 test on HPC concrete (High-Performance
Concrete) above can be concluded that the higher the percentage of 3D dramatic steel
fiber, the slower the flow process time of the diameter of fresh concrete, this incident is
No. Percentage Addition of
Dramix 3D Steel Fiber
T50
(sec)
Standard
EFNARC
(55 – 85 cm)
Standard
JSCE
(50 – 65 cm)
1 0% 05,56 OK! OK!
2 3% 06,21 OK! OK!
3 6% 06,90 Not OK! OK!
4 9% 07,68 Not OK! OK!
5,56
6,21 6,9 7,68
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0 3 6 9
T50 (cm)
Persentase Serat Baja Dramix 3D
(%)
EFNARC Maximum
Limit
Maximum Limit of
JSCE
EFNARC Minimum
Limit
JSCE Minimum
Limit
Agustinus Simangunsong, Johannes Tarigan, Nursyamsi, Ricky Bakara
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5298
caused by the components of the mix in fresh concrete are held by the 3D dramatic steel
fiber so that it can slow down the flow in fresh concrete.
Results of Volume Weight Inspection on HPC Concrete
After the slump flow test and the T50 test on HPC concrete, the next testing
process is the weight check of the volume of HPC concrete for the test specimen
cylinder in the concrete compressive strength test and also the concrete tensile strength
test specimen cylinder. It is known that the dimensions of cylindrical test pieces are
differentiated according to their respective mechanical magnitude tests. HPC concrete
volume weight inspection data for concrete compressive strength testing are in Table 7,
Table, and Table 9 below.
Tabel 7
Hasil Pemeriksaan Berat Volume Beton HPC untuk
Pengujian Kuat Tekan Beton 7 Hari
Table 8
HPC Concrete Volume Weight Inspection Results for
14 Days Concrete Compressive Strength Test
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 4,440
0,0015714
2.825,455
2.812,7274,320 2.749,091
4,500 2.863,636
BOO – 3% 4,480
0,0015714
2.850,909
2.829,6974,440 2.825,455
4,420 2.812,727
BOO – 6% 4,600
0,0015714
2.927,273
2.855,1524,480 2.850,909
4,380 2.787,273
BOO – 9% 4,500
0,0015714
2.863,636
2.879,3644,400 2.800
4,660 2.965,455
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 4,440
0,0015714
2.825,455
2.749.0914,180 2.660
4,340 2.761,818
BOO – 3% 4,340
0,0015714
2.761,818
2.766,0614,320 2.749,091
4,380 2.787,273
BOO – 6% 4,540 0,0015714 2.889,091 2.829,697
4,420 2.812,727
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5298
caused by the components of the mix in fresh concrete are held by the 3D dramatic steel
fiber so that it can slow down the flow in fresh concrete.
Results of Volume Weight Inspection on HPC Concrete
After the slump flow test and the T50 test on HPC concrete, the next testing
process is the weight check of the volume of HPC concrete for the test specimen
cylinder in the concrete compressive strength test and also the concrete tensile strength
test specimen cylinder. It is known that the dimensions of cylindrical test pieces are
differentiated according to their respective mechanical magnitude tests. HPC concrete
volume weight inspection data for concrete compressive strength testing are in Table 7,
Table, and Table 9 below.
Tabel 7
Hasil Pemeriksaan Berat Volume Beton HPC untuk
Pengujian Kuat Tekan Beton 7 Hari
Table 8
HPC Concrete Volume Weight Inspection Results for
14 Days Concrete Compressive Strength Test
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 4,440
0,0015714
2.825,455
2.812,7274,320 2.749,091
4,500 2.863,636
BOO – 3% 4,480
0,0015714
2.850,909
2.829,6974,440 2.825,455
4,420 2.812,727
BOO – 6% 4,600
0,0015714
2.927,273
2.855,1524,480 2.850,909
4,380 2.787,273
BOO – 9% 4,500
0,0015714
2.863,636
2.879,3644,400 2.800
4,660 2.965,455
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 4,440
0,0015714
2.825,455
2.749.0914,180 2.660
4,340 2.761,818
BOO – 3% 4,340
0,0015714
2.761,818
2.766,0614,320 2.749,091
4,380 2.787,273
BOO – 6% 4,540 0,0015714 2.889,091 2.829,697
4,420 2.812,727
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength and Tensile
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5299
Table 9
HPC Concrete Volume Weight Inspection Results for
14 Days Concrete Compressive Strength Test
The data from the weight inspection of HPC concrete volume for concrete
compressive strength testing are in Table 7, Table 8, and Table 9. Above it is concluded
that the average weight value of concrete volume with the percentage addition of 0%,
3%, 6%, and 9% in 3D dramatic steel fiber for the immersion life of 7 days, 14 days,
and 28 days are categorized as heavy concrete, This is because the average weight of
concrete volume has reached more than 2,500 kg/m3. After that, the weight of the HPC
concrete volume is checked for the tensile strength of the concrete contained in Table
10. below as follows.
Table 10
Results of Volume Weight Inspection on 28-Day-Old HPC Concrete
for Concrete Tensile Strength Testing
4,380 2.787,273
BOO – 9% 4,700
0,0015714
2.990,909
2.897,5764,440 2.825,455
4,520 2.876,364
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 3,820
0,0015714
2.430,909
2.439,3943,860 2.456,364
3,820 2.430,909
BOO – 3% 3,950
0,0015714
2.513,636
2.515,7583,980 2.532,727
3,930 2.500,909
BOO – 6% 4,060
0,0015714
2.583,636
2.564,5453,970 2.526,364
4,060 2.583,636
BOO – 9% 4,170
0,0015714
2.653,636
2.689,6974,230 2.691,818
4,280 2.723,636
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 12,420 0,0053036 2.341,818 2.326,734
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5299
Table 9
HPC Concrete Volume Weight Inspection Results for
14 Days Concrete Compressive Strength Test
The data from the weight inspection of HPC concrete volume for concrete
compressive strength testing are in Table 7, Table 8, and Table 9. Above it is concluded
that the average weight value of concrete volume with the percentage addition of 0%,
3%, 6%, and 9% in 3D dramatic steel fiber for the immersion life of 7 days, 14 days,
and 28 days are categorized as heavy concrete, This is because the average weight of
concrete volume has reached more than 2,500 kg/m3. After that, the weight of the HPC
concrete volume is checked for the tensile strength of the concrete contained in Table
10. below as follows.
Table 10
Results of Volume Weight Inspection on 28-Day-Old HPC Concrete
for Concrete Tensile Strength Testing
4,380 2.787,273
BOO – 9% 4,700
0,0015714
2.990,909
2.897,5764,440 2.825,455
4,520 2.876,364
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 3,820
0,0015714
2.430,909
2.439,3943,860 2.456,364
3,820 2.430,909
BOO – 3% 3,950
0,0015714
2.513,636
2.515,7583,980 2.532,727
3,930 2.500,909
BOO – 6% 4,060
0,0015714
2.583,636
2.564,5453,970 2.526,364
4,060 2.583,636
BOO – 9% 4,170
0,0015714
2.653,636
2.689,6974,230 2.691,818
4,280 2.723,636
Specimen
Code
Weight of
Concrete Test
Specimen
(kg)
Volume of
Concrete
(m3)
Concrete
Volume
Weight
(kg/m3)
Concrete
Volume Weight
Average
(kg/m3)
BOO – 0% 12,420 0,0053036 2.341,818 2.326,734
Agustinus Simangunsong, Johannes Tarigan, Nursyamsi, Ricky Bakara
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5300
In the results of the weight check of HPC concrete volume 28 days immersion age
for the tensile strength test of concrete above, it can be concluded that the average
weight of concrete volume with an increase of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of 3D dramatic
steel fiber is categorized as normal concrete, this has been in accordance with the
requirements of the type of concrete at the limit of 2,300 – 2,500 kg/m3.
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Test Results
For the cylinder of the HPC concrete test piece used in the testing of concrete
compressive strength with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm, then the concrete
soaking process is carried out within 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The results of HPC
concrete compressive strength tests can be seen in Table 11., Table 12., and Table 13.
below below.
Table 11
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Test Results for 7 Days Immersion Life
12,340 2.326,734
12,260 2.311,650
BOO – 3% 12,740
0,0053036
2.402,155
2.429,80913,020 2.454,949
12,900 2.432,323
BOO – 6% 12,940
0,0053036
2.439,865
2.451,17813,120 2.473,805
12,940 2.439,865
BOO – 9% 13,200
0,0053036
2.488,889
2.498,94513,220 2.492,660
13,340 2.515,286
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 313
225,667
39,836
28,721285 36,273
79 10,055
BOO – 3% 454
383,333
57,782
48,788494 62,873
202 25,709
BOO – 6% 541
429,333
68,855
54,642394 50,145
353 44,927
BOO – 9% 384
508
48,873
64,655601 76,491
539 68,600
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5300
In the results of the weight check of HPC concrete volume 28 days immersion age
for the tensile strength test of concrete above, it can be concluded that the average
weight of concrete volume with an increase of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of 3D dramatic
steel fiber is categorized as normal concrete, this has been in accordance with the
requirements of the type of concrete at the limit of 2,300 – 2,500 kg/m3.
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Test Results
For the cylinder of the HPC concrete test piece used in the testing of concrete
compressive strength with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm, then the concrete
soaking process is carried out within 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The results of HPC
concrete compressive strength tests can be seen in Table 11., Table 12., and Table 13.
below below.
Table 11
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Test Results for 7 Days Immersion Life
12,340 2.326,734
12,260 2.311,650
BOO – 3% 12,740
0,0053036
2.402,155
2.429,80913,020 2.454,949
12,900 2.432,323
BOO – 6% 12,940
0,0053036
2.439,865
2.451,17813,120 2.473,805
12,940 2.439,865
BOO – 9% 13,200
0,0053036
2.488,889
2.498,94513,220 2.492,660
13,340 2.515,286
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 313
225,667
39,836
28,721285 36,273
79 10,055
BOO – 3% 454
383,333
57,782
48,788494 62,873
202 25,709
BOO – 6% 541
429,333
68,855
54,642394 50,145
353 44,927
BOO – 9% 384
508
48,873
64,655601 76,491
539 68,600
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength and Tensile
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5301
Table 12
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Test Results for 14 Days Immersion Life
Table 13
Hasil Pengujian Kuat Tekan Beton HPC untuk Umur Perendaman 28 Hari
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 231
352,333
29,400
44,842406 51,673
420 53,455
BOO – 3% 421
448,667
53,582
57,103493 62,745
432 54,982
BOO – 6% 498
619,667
63,382
78,867606 77,127
755 96,091
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 9% 377
664,667
47.982
84,594731 93.036
886 112.764
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 241
478,667
30,673
60,921660 84,000
535 68,091
BOO – 3% 602
534
76,618
67,964462 58,800
438 68,473
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5301
Table 12
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Test Results for 14 Days Immersion Life
Table 13
Hasil Pengujian Kuat Tekan Beton HPC untuk Umur Perendaman 28 Hari
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 231
352,333
29,400
44,842406 51,673
420 53,455
BOO – 3% 421
448,667
53,582
57,103493 62,745
432 54,982
BOO – 6% 498
619,667
63,382
78,867606 77,127
755 96,091
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 9% 377
664,667
47.982
84,594731 93.036
886 112.764
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 241
478,667
30,673
60,921660 84,000
535 68,091
BOO – 3% 602
534
76,618
67,964462 58,800
438 68,473
Agustinus Simangunsong, Johannes Tarigan, Nursyamsi, Ricky Bakara
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5302
Below is attached a compressive strength test graph of HPC concrete in Figure 5.
below.
Figure 5
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Testing Chart
Based on the data of the table and graph above, it is concluded that there is an
increase in the compressive strength value of concrete both in the percentage of addition
of 3D dramatic steel fiber and the time of soaking concrete. It can be seen that concrete
for 14 days with 9% fiber (84,594 MPa), concrete for 28 days with 6% fiber (82,515
MPa), and concrete for 28 days with 9% fiber (94,776 MPa) is declared as HPC (High-
Performance Concrete), this is because the limit of the compressive strength value of
concrete exceeds 80 Mpa. (Wahjudi, Satyarno, & Tjokrodimuljo, 2010).
HPC Concrete Tensile Strength Test Results
Below are the results of the tensile strength test of HPC concrete in Table 14.
below as follows.
Table 14
Results of 28 Days HPC Concrete Tensile Strength Test
BOO – 6% 530
648,333
67,455
82,515524 66,691
891 113,400
BOO – 9% 768
744,667
97,745
94,776783 99,655
683 86,927
28,721
44,842
60,921
48,788
57,103
67,964
54,642
78,867 82,515
64,655
84,594
94,776
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
7 14 28
Kuat Tekan Beton HPC (MPa)
Waktu Perendaman Beton (Hari)
0%
3%
6%
9%
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5302
Below is attached a compressive strength test graph of HPC concrete in Figure 5.
below.
Figure 5
HPC Concrete Compressive Strength Testing Chart
Based on the data of the table and graph above, it is concluded that there is an
increase in the compressive strength value of concrete both in the percentage of addition
of 3D dramatic steel fiber and the time of soaking concrete. It can be seen that concrete
for 14 days with 9% fiber (84,594 MPa), concrete for 28 days with 6% fiber (82,515
MPa), and concrete for 28 days with 9% fiber (94,776 MPa) is declared as HPC (High-
Performance Concrete), this is because the limit of the compressive strength value of
concrete exceeds 80 Mpa. (Wahjudi, Satyarno, & Tjokrodimuljo, 2010).
HPC Concrete Tensile Strength Test Results
Below are the results of the tensile strength test of HPC concrete in Table 14.
below as follows.
Table 14
Results of 28 Days HPC Concrete Tensile Strength Test
BOO – 6% 530
648,333
67,455
82,515524 66,691
891 113,400
BOO – 9% 768
744,667
97,745
94,776783 99,655
683 86,927
28,721
44,842
60,921
48,788
57,103
67,964
54,642
78,867 82,515
64,655
84,594
94,776
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
7 14 28
Kuat Tekan Beton HPC (MPa)
Waktu Perendaman Beton (Hari)
0%
3%
6%
9%
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength and Tensile
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5303
After Table 14. is made, then the concrete tensile strength test graph is attached in
Figure 6. below as follows.
Figure 6
HPC Concrete Tensile Strength Testing Chart for 28 Days Lifespan
In Table 14 data. And Figure 6. Above it can be concluded that the tensile strength
value of concrete has increased well based on the percentage of addition of 3D dramatic
steel fiber (Tjokrodimuljo, 2007). It can be seen that the concrete with the lowest tensile
strength value of concrete is concrete without 3D dramix steel fiber, which is 2.168
MPa and the highest concrete tensile strength value is concrete with a percentage of 9%
3D dramix steel fiber, which is 6.599 Mpa.
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Strong
Tensile
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Strong Tensile
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 150
153,333
2,121
2,168170 2,404
140 1,980
BOO – 3% 150
186,667
2,121
2,640160 2,263
250 3,535
BOO – 6% 300
320
4,242
4,525310 4,384
350 4,949
BOO – 9% 440
466,667
6,222
6,599410 5,798
550 7,778
2,168 2,64
4,525
6,599
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 3 6 9
Kuat Tarik Belah Beton HPC
Umur 28 Hari (MPa)
Persentase Penambahan Serat Baja Dramix 3D (%)
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5303
After Table 14. is made, then the concrete tensile strength test graph is attached in
Figure 6. below as follows.
Figure 6
HPC Concrete Tensile Strength Testing Chart for 28 Days Lifespan
In Table 14 data. And Figure 6. Above it can be concluded that the tensile strength
value of concrete has increased well based on the percentage of addition of 3D dramatic
steel fiber (Tjokrodimuljo, 2007). It can be seen that the concrete with the lowest tensile
strength value of concrete is concrete without 3D dramix steel fiber, which is 2.168
MPa and the highest concrete tensile strength value is concrete with a percentage of 9%
3D dramix steel fiber, which is 6.599 Mpa.
Specimen
Code
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Average
Maximum
Load
(kN)
Strong
Tensile
Strength of
Concrete
(MPa)
Strong Tensile
Strength of
Concrete
Average
(MPa)
BOO – 0% 150
153,333
2,121
2,168170 2,404
140 1,980
BOO – 3% 150
186,667
2,121
2,640160 2,263
250 3,535
BOO – 6% 300
320
4,242
4,525310 4,384
350 4,949
BOO – 9% 440
466,667
6,222
6,599410 5,798
550 7,778
2,168 2,64
4,525
6,599
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 3 6 9
Kuat Tarik Belah Beton HPC
Umur 28 Hari (MPa)
Persentase Penambahan Serat Baja Dramix 3D (%)
Agustinus Simangunsong, Johannes Tarigan, Nursyamsi, Ricky Bakara
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5304
Conclusion
In the above study, the author concludes that the compressive strength testing of
concrete and the tensile strength testing of concrete has increased according to the
percentage of addition of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of 3D dramatic steel fiber and the
soaking time of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The addition of 3D dramatic steel can be
used as a substitute for steel fiber for HPC (High-Performance Concrete) concrete
mixtures because there is concrete that can reach concrete compressive strength values
above 80 MPa. However, the addition of the percentage of 3D dramix steel fiber to
concrete has decreased workability due to the addition of superplasticizer material until
in the slump flow test, there is no noticeable difference in the concrete flow process
compared to concrete by not using the addition of 3D dramix steel fiber.
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5304
Conclusion
In the above study, the author concludes that the compressive strength testing of
concrete and the tensile strength testing of concrete has increased according to the
percentage of addition of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of 3D dramatic steel fiber and the
soaking time of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The addition of 3D dramatic steel can be
used as a substitute for steel fiber for HPC (High-Performance Concrete) concrete
mixtures because there is concrete that can reach concrete compressive strength values
above 80 MPa. However, the addition of the percentage of 3D dramix steel fiber to
concrete has decreased workability due to the addition of superplasticizer material until
in the slump flow test, there is no noticeable difference in the concrete flow process
compared to concrete by not using the addition of 3D dramix steel fiber.
Effect of Addition of Dramix 3D Steel Fiber on Compressive Strength and Tensile
Strength in Hpc (High-Performance Concrete) Concrete
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5305
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