p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 1 January 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Doi: 10.59141/jist.v5i01.872 247
ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL LEADING SECTOR DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE
USING KLASSEN TYPOLOGY AND LOCATION QUOTIENT (LQ) IN
2017-2019
Vebrina Hania Cholily
1*
, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
2
Universitas Diponegoro semarang, Indonesia
1
, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
2
Email : [email protected]
1*
, [email protected]
2
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Location Quotient;
Klassen Typology; DKI Jakarta;
Economic Growth; GRDP
This study aims to determine the pattern and structure of economic
growth and the leading sectors of each Regency/City in DKI Jakarta
Province. The data used is secondary data from 2017 – 2019. The
analysis technique used is Klassen Typology and Location Quotient
(LQ). The results showed that five cities in DKI Jakarta were categorised
as regions with high levels of income and growth, while Seribu Island
was categorised as low. For LQ analysis, three regions dominate in the
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors, and for other regions, they
dominate in other sectors.
Introduction
Regional income is defined as the production value of goods and services created
in an economy within a region during one year. In Indonesia, the amount of regional
income is calculated by Gross Regional Domestik Product or Net Regional Domestik
Product (Asha & Juliannisa, 2023).
The difference between the net concept and the gross concept is that the gross
concept uses the depreciation component, while the net concept does not use the
depreciation component (BPS, 2020). Generally, the GRDP is used as the basis for
measurement in each region. However, it can also use PDRN in its measurement.
Knowing the value of regional income means information about the ability to
produce and purchase power in a region (Bahasaoan, Rahmat, BTahawa, Tuty, & Lenas,
2022). Information can also be obtained about the economy's structure in the region,
which helps make decisions for interested parties. For this reason, regional income is
significant in matters of common welfare. There is a need for precise measurements and
accountability for the numbers listed on regional income to void errors (Hapsari,
Nurfarhana, Renaldi, Arifin, & Sumaryoto, 2023).
From the regional income, the economic growth rate or GRDP growth rate can also
be known to know the development of the ability of the population of an area to prosper.
This growth can also be used to measure government achievements in efforts to develop
the economy. When regional economic growth has a positive and stable trend, it indicates
good conditions, and vice versa. If economic growth experiences a downward and
unstable trend, the region’s economy is unhealthy (Sinaga, Zalukhu, Hutauruk, & Collyn,
2023).
Vebrina Hania Cholily, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 248
In this research, the area that will be the target of analysis is DKI Jakarta Province
because the province contributes the most significant income to Indonesia, especially on
the island of Java, with an amount of Rp. 1,838,500,708.45 million rupiah in 2019 using
constant price GRDP. Apart from being seen for its more significant income compared to
other regions, the population factor is also one of the reasons. In 2019, the population of
DKI Jakarta was 10.55 million people (BPS DKI Jakarta Province, 2020). The
contribution of GRDP in each Regency/City has differences between regions with one
another (Prabowo, Ananda, & Bintoro, 2023).
Comparing the income of each Regency/City in this province can also determine
the various sectors that are the foundation of DKI Jakarta’s regional income. Knowing
the superior sectors is undoubtedly very helpful for the DKI Jakarta government in
making more informed decisions; investors who want to invest and other interested
partners can undoubtedly advance the regional economy. For this reason, research on the
analysis of income and regional economic growth in DKI Jakarta is needed, considering
that this province is one of the provinces of the national economy.
Research Methods
This research uses the Klassen typology and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis
methods for the research objectives (Widajantie & Wijaya, 2023). The population of this
research is the DKI Jakarta Province area, and the research sample includes six
regencies/cities in DKI Jakarta Province from 2015 to 2019. This study's selection of data
collection techniques uses literature study techniques, time series, and crosscross–
sectional.
Klassen Typology
The Klassen Typology analysis method is used to determine the description of the
pattern and structure of economic growth in each region (Nihayah, Mafruhah, & Hakim,
2023). We use the matrix and calculation formula of the Klassen Typology analysis
method as follows:
Table 1
Klassen Typology Matrix
Average
Growth
Rate Rate
Growth Rate
Yi < Y
Yi > Y
ri > r
High growth but low income
High growth and high
income
ri < r
Low growth and low income
High income but low
growth
Location Quotient (LQ)
Analysis of Regional Leading Sector DKI Jakarta Province Using Klassen Typology and
Location Quotient (Lq) In 2017-2019
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 249
The Location Quotient (LQ) analysis method is an analytical technique that can be
used to see the level of specialisation of sectors in a region's economy by looking at and
using a base and non-base sector approach to the region. In this method, we use the
following formula :
LQ =
𝑌𝑠
PDRBs
𝑌𝑝
𝑃𝐷𝑅𝐵𝑝
..............................................................(1)
Where Ys = Sector income of a particular regency/city; GRDPs = Gross Regional
Domestik Income of the regency/city; Yp = Sector income of a particular province; and
GRDPp = Gross Regional Domestik Income of the province. The following are the results
of the Location Quotient method calculation. If the LQ value > 1, that sector is classified
as a primary sector; if the LQ value < 1, that sector is classified as a non-basic sector.
Formulation comparison of base sectors:
LQ > 1 =
𝑋
𝑁
x 100% ………………..…….…………….(2)
Where X = Number of regencies/cities (LQ > 1) specific sector and N = Number of
regencies/cities.
Results and Discussion
Analysis of Economic Structure Using Production Methods
Table 2
Economic Structure of Central Jakarta City
Field of
Business
Central Jakarta (Millions)
2018
2019
A
IDR 30,707
IDR 30, 830
C
IDR 4,013,462
IDR 4,113,837
D
IDR 1,313,125
IDR 1,510,946
E
IDR 71,651
IDR 73,752
F
IDR 41,246,816
IDR 41,662,646
G
IDR 66,466,279
IDR 70,099,502
H
IDR 8,289,653
IDR 9,108,863
I
IDR 24,175,580
IDR 25,790,374
J
IDR 41,598,703
IDR 45,892,384
K
IDR 99,250,363
IDR 107,374,341
L
IDR 26,184,124
IDR 27,474,658
M
IDR 38,860,404
IDR 42,854,639
N
IDR 29,608,750
IDR 30,708,551
O
IDR 21,391,982
IDR 22,576,540
P
IDR 6,660,273
IDR 7,110,427
Q
IDR 15,162,722
IDR 16,438,094
R
IDR 424,324,594
IDR 452,820,384
Based on Table 2, GRDP data on business fields, Central Jakarta has a service
industry base, especially finance and insurance, wholesale and retail trade, construction,
and information and communication services. So, the economy of Central Jakarta is
Vebrina Hania Cholily, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 250
service-based, especially in finance and insurance. Therefore, it needs to be supported by
an exemplary telecommunications network (Subhi & Al Azkiya, 2022).
Table 3
Economic Structure of West Jakarta City
Field of
Business
West Jakarta (Millions)
2017
2018
2019
A
IDR 231,066
IDR 231,308
IDR 231,446
C
IDR 16,627,437
IDR 17,716,678
IDR 17,340,281
D
IDR 607,231
IDR 724,886
IDR 815,148
E
IDR 139,726
IDR 149,664
IDR 153,709
F
IDR 43,578,376
IDR 45,016,617
IDR 45,758,489
G
IDR 48,591,433
IDR 51,559,078
IDR 54,323,982
H
IDR 12,277,984
IDR 13,452,068
IDR 14,737,293
I
IDR 15,267,899
IDR 16,077,489
IDR 17,273,519
J
IDR 55,566,032
IDR 60,909,324
IDR 67,993,078
K
IDR 19,627,978
IDR 60,909,324
IDR 21,756,115
L
IDR 19,702,634
IDR 20,551,225
IDR 21,572,244
M
IDR 17,883,944
IDR 19,360,259
IDR 21,527,832
N
IDR 3,369,913
IDR 3,708,754
IDR 3,842,311
O
IDR 14,146,814
IDR 14,973,323
IDR 15,793,324
P
IDR 5,125,523
IDR 5,458,056
IDR 5,831,416
Q
IDR 8,826,537
IDR 9,557,148
IDR 10,406,953
R
IDR 281,570,527
IDR 340,355,201
IDR 319,357,140
Based on Table 3, GDRP data on business fields, West Jakarta has an information
and telecommunications industry base. The next leading sector is the wholesale trade and
repair sector. The telecommunications, information, and trade sectors continue to grow
yearly in line with their contribution to DKI Jakarta’s GRDP. Other leading sectors in this
city are the construction, financial services, insurance, and real estate sectors. It can be
concluded that the economy of West Jakarta City is service-based, especially
telecommunications and infrastructure. Therefore, it needs to be supported by good
spatial governance and human resource management to meet labour needs in the region.
Table 4
Economic Structure of East Jakarta City
Field of
Business
East Jakarta (Millions)
2017
2018
2019
A
IDR 257,893
IDR 257,720
IDR 257,895
C
IDR 81,728,028
IDR 85,368,120
IDR 85,616,015
D
IDR 1,347,530
IDR 1,679,549
IDR 1,915,689
E
IDR 177,284
IDR 190,773
IDR 198,785
F
IDR 33,179,844
IDR 34,460,964
IDR 35,868,042
G
IDR 44,310,337
IDR 47,312,364
IDR 50,216,952
H
IDR 16,824,435
IDR 18,496,234
IDR 19,507,450
I
IDR 13,183,033
IDR 14,006,037
IDR 15,224,286
J
IDR 17,461,770
IDR 19,103,358
IDR 21,397,895
K
IDR 4,744,221
IDR 4,878,187
IDR 5,267,214
L
IDR 14,755,623
IDR 15,491,290
IDR 16,276,347
M
IDR 14,585,281
IDR 15,875,077
IDR 17,786,614
Analysis of Regional Leading Sector DKI Jakarta Province Using Klassen Typology and
Location Quotient (Lq) In 2017-2019
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 251
N
IDR 8,413,027
IDR 9,259,026
IDR 9,645,124
O
IDR 17,879,951
IDR 19,019.686
IDR 20,208,885
P
IDR 4,711,263
IDR 5,018,752
IDR 5,376,743
Q
IDR 7,803,612
IDR 8,458,558
IDR 9,280,993
R
IDR 281,363,132
IDR 298,875,695
IDR 314,044,929
Based on Table 4 of GDRP data on the business field, East Jakarta is a city based
on the manufacturing industry. The following leading sectors in the city are the wholesale
trade and construction sectors, followed by the information and telecommunications and
education services sectors. It can be concluded that the economy of East Jakarta City is a
processing industrial area. Therefore, it is necessary to have an industrial area and policies
that facilitate industrial activities and environmental management.
Table 5
Economic Structure of South Jakarta City
Field of
Business
South Jakarta (Millions)
2017
2018
2019
A
IDR 245,280
IDR 245,104
IDR 244,932
C
IDR 5,722,137
IDR 5,917,063
IDR 6,289,925
D
IDR 417,863
IDR 474,808
IDR 518,103
E
IDR 113,497
IDR 124,699
IDR 128,320
F
IDR 47,640,521
IDR 49,469,917
IDR 50,025,116
G
IDR 56,006,968
IDR 59,166,702
IDR 62,249,072
H
IDR 6,953,538
IDR 7,647,873
IDR 8,341,051
I
IDR 16,275,979
IDR 17,243,922
IDR 18,511,256
J
IDR 53,582,620
IDR 59,097,498
IDR 65,673,611
K
IDR 51,845,233
IDR 53,288,157
IDR 57,638,993
L
IDR 30,390,222
IDR 31,873,265
IDR 33,375,914
M
IDR 40,371,968
IDR 43,526,132
IDR 48,213,206
N
IDR 19,131,602
IDR 21,098,331
IDR 21,821,578
O
IDR 14,753,046
IDR 15,681,013
IDR 16,532,836
P
IDR 7,075,385
IDR 7,562,879
IDR 8,062,201
Q
IDR 20,457,648
IDR 22,202,685
IDR 24,120,114
R
IDR 370,983,507
IDR 394,620,048
IDR 421,476,228
Based on Table 5 of GRDP data on business fields, South Jakarta is a city based on
the trade sector. The second leading sector in this city is the financial services and
insurance industry. Another dominant sector is the information and telecommunication
sector.
Vebrina Hania Cholily, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 252
Table 6
Economic Structure of North Jakarta City
Field of
Business
North Jakarta (Millions)
2017
2018
2019
A
IDR 402,578
IDR 404,685
IDR 408,013
C
IDR 102,633,957
IDR 109,459,144
IDR 107,345,873
D
IDR 892,862
IDR 982,610
IDR 1,065,584
E
IDR 190,683
IDR 204,943
IDR 212,792
F
IDR 47,360,637
IDR 49,443,517
IDR 51,905,374
G
IDR 49,671,781
IDR 52,739,297
IDR 55,791,600
H
IDR 12,775,777
IDR 13,546,175
IDR 14,820,277
I
IDR 13,517,027
IDR 14,299,344
IDR 15,471,321
J
IDR 7,170,038
IDR 7,963,887
IDR 8,944,016
K
IDR 4,974,051
IDR 5,119,267
IDR 5,571,214
L
IDR 16,786,999
IDR 17,558,729
IDR 18,487,708
M
IDR 18,132,613
IDR 19,631,071
IDR 22,060,583
N
IDR 3,928,092
IDR 4,335,423
IDR 4,500,391
O
IDR 9,881,363
IDR 10,496,928
IDR 11,153,489
P
IDR 3,823,388
IDR 4,105,442
IDR 4,399,790
Q
IDR 9,637,459
IDR 10,488,166
IDR 11,521,752
R
IDR 301,779,305
IDR 320,778,628
IDR 333,659,691
Based on Table 6 GRDP data on business fields, North Jakarta is a city based on
the manufacturing sector. Moreover, the next leading sector in this city is the trade sector.
This city's construction sector is also essential, followed by the real estate and corporate
services sector. It can be concluded that the economic structure of North Jakarta is a
processing industry and trade area. Therefore, facilities and infrastructure are needed to
support these business activities and not damage the environment.
Analysis of Regional Leading Sector DKI Jakarta Province Using Klassen Typology and
Location Quotient (Lq) In 2017-2019
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 253
Table 7
Economic Structure of Seribu Island Regency
Seribu Island is the only administrative area in the form of a regency in DKI Jakarta
Province. Based on Table 7 of GRDP data on business fields, the Seribu Islands is an area
with sector-based mining and quarrying. This sector only exists in the Seribu Islands and
is the only mining and quarrying sector that contributes to the Provincial GRDP in the
mining sector. Other sectors that have become the leading sectors in the Seribu Islands
are fisheries, agriculture, and forestry. There are also other leading sectors in the Seribu
Islands, namely the trade, manufacturing, accommodation, and food services sectors.
Judging from the dominant economic structure in Seribu Islands sis extractive economic
activity, regulations are needed to prevent exploitation that impacts natural damage.
GRDP contribution
Based on DKI Jakarta GRDP data on the business field, it can be seen that five
leading sectors play a role in accelerating the economic growth of DKI Jakarta Province,
namely the wholesale and retail trade sector, construction sector, manufacturing industry,
financial services and insurance sector, and information and communication sector, where
the trade sector is the leading sector in DKI Jakarta. Each city and district has its leading
sector to contribute to DKI Jakarta’s economic growth (Yunita, Dewitasari, & Riadi,
2021). The following is a table of the contribution of each region to the leading sector in
DKI Jakarta in 2017-2019.
Field of
Business
Seribu Island (Millions)
2017
2018
2019
A
IDR 233,954
IDR 236,964
IDR 247,335
B
IDR 2,916,306
IDR 2,939,925
IDR 2,859,428
C
IDR 122,119
IDR 130,049
IDR 143,841
D
IDR 1,180
IDR 1,250
IDR 1,337
E
IDR 1,465
IDR 1,598
IDR 1,688
F
IDR 82,899
IDR 85,684
IDR 93,098
G
IDR 156,120
IDR 166,808
IDR 181,893
H
IDR 13,231
IDR 14,076
IDR 15,383
I
IDR 119,100
IDR 124,046
IDR 135,035
J
IDR 29,727
IDR 32,427
IDR 35,423
K
IDR 9,686
IDR 9,793
IDR 11,302
L
IDR 9,285
IDR 9,731
IDR 10,224
M
IDR 14,413
IDR 15,469
IDR 16,541
N
IDR 43,290
IDR 47,916
IDR 49,693
O
IDR 22,803
IDR 24,174
IDR 25,818
P
IDR 48,256
IDR 51,928
IDR 56,925
Q
IDR 39,915
IDR 42,851
IDR 48,123
R
IDR 3,863,749
IDR 3,934,689
IDR 3,933,087
Vebrina Hania Cholily, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 254
Table 8
Contribution of Each Region to the Leading Sector in DKI Jakarta in 2017
Sect
or
City and Regency
DKI
Jakarta
Central
Jakarta
North
Jakarta
South
Jakarta
West
Jakarta
East
Jaka
rta
Seribu
Islands
G
IDR 62,
551,103
IDR 49,
671,781
IDR 56,
006,968
IDR 48,
591,433
IDR
44,
310,
337
IDR
156,
120
IDR
259,765,2
81
F
IDR
39,878,
677
IDR
47,360,
637
IDR
47,640,
521
IDR
43,578,
376
IDR
33,1
79,
844
IDR 82,
899
IDR
208,861,
695
C
IDR
3,642,
838
IDR
102,633,9
57
IDR
5,722,
137
IDR
16,627,
437
IDR
81,7
28,
028
IDR
122,
119
IDR
207,917,
779
K
IDR
96,599,
462
IDR
4,974,
051
51,845,
233
IDR
19,627,
978
IDR
4,74
4,
221
IDR
9,686
IDR
178,831,
057
J
IDR
38,016,
997
IDR
7,170,
038
IDR
53,582,
620
IDR
55,566,
032
IDR
17,4
61,
770
IDR 29,
727
IDR
172,427,
806
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the city of Central Jakarta dramatically
contributes to the trade sector and the financial and insurance services sector. Then, the
construction sector is still the same as the previous year; namely, the city of South Jakarta
is also a high contributor to this sector, and South Jakarta is also the most significant
contributor in the information and telecommunications sector in 2017. The city of North
Jakarta dramatically contributes to the processing industrial sector.
Table 9
Contribution of Each Region to the Leading Sector in DKI Jakarta in 2018
Sector
City and Regency
DKI
Jakarta
Central
Jakarta
North
Jakarta
South
Jakarta
West
Jakarta
East
Jakarta
Seribu
Islands
G
IDR
66,466,
279
IDR
52,739,
297
IDR
59,166,
702
IDR
51,559,
078
IDR
47,312,
364
IDR
166,
808
IDR
276,064,
329
F
IDR
41,246,
816
IDR
49,443,
517
IDR
49,469,
917
IDR
45,016,
617
IDR
34,460,
964
IDR 85,
684
IDR
215,896,
011
C
IDR
4,013,
462
IDR
109,459,
144
IDR
5,197,
063
IDR
17,716,
678
IDR
85,368,
120
IDR
130,
049
IDR
219,717,
892
Analysis of Regional Leading Sector DKI Jakarta Province Using Klassen Typology and
Location Quotient (Lq) In 2017-2019
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 255
K
IDR
99,250,
363
IDR
5,119,
267
IDR
53,288,
157
IDR
60,909,
324
IDR
4,878,
187
IDR
9,793
IDR
183,724,
901
J
IDR
41,598,
703
IDR
7,963,
887
IDR
59,097,
498
IDR
50,318,
230
IDR
19,103,
358
IDR 32,
427
IDR
189,064,
024
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the city of Central Jakarta still
contributes significantly to the trade sector and the financial and insurance services sector
as in previous years. Then, the construction sector is still the same as the previous year;
namely, the city of South Jakarta is also a high contributor to this sector and the
information and communication sector. The city of North Jakarta has contributed
significantly to the processing industry sector as in previous years.
Table 10
Contribution of Each Region to The Leading Sector in DKI Jakarta in 2019
Secto
r
City and Regency
DKI
Jakarta
Central
Jakarta
North
Jakarta
South
Jakarta
West
Jakarta
East
Jakarta
Serib
u
Island
s
G
IDR
70,099,
502
IDR
55,791,
600
IDR
62,249,0
72
IDR
54,323,9
82
IDR
50,216,9
52
IDR
181,
893
IDR
291,555,
224
F
IDR
41,662,
646
IDR
51,905,
374
IDR
50,025,1
16
IDR
45,758,4
89
IDR
35,868,0
42
IDR
93,
098
IDR
219,737,
366
C
IDR
4,113,
837
IDR
107,345,8
73
IDR
6,289,
925
IDR
17,340,2
81
IDR
85,616,0
15
IDR
143,
841
IDR
217,046,
499
K
IDR
107,374,
341
IDR
5,571,
214
IDR
57,638,9
93
IDR
21,756,1
15
IDR
5,267,
214
IDR
11,
302
IDR
199,101,
639
J
IDR
45,892,
384
IDR
8,944,
016
IDR
65,673,6
11
IDR
67,993,0
78
IDR
21,397,8
95
IDR
35,
423
IDR
210,976,
326
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the city of Central Jakarta still
contributes significantly to the trade sector and the financial and insurance services sector
as in previous years. Then, in the construction sector, the City of North Jakarta contributed
the most to this sector in 2019. Still, like the previous year, the City of North Jakarta
played a vital role in the processing industry sector in DKI Jakarta. The city of West
Jakarta contributed significantly to the information and communication sector in DKI
Jakarta in 2019.
Klassen Typology
The method is used to find an overview of each region's economic growth pattern
and structure (Fauzan & Hendrati, 2023). The Klassen Typology divides regions based
Vebrina Hania Cholily, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 256
on two leading indicators: regional economic growth and regional income. Through this
analysis, four different characteristics of the pattern and structure of economic growth are
obtained, namely: fast-advancing and fast-growing regions (high growth and high
income), developed but depressed regions (high income but low growth), fast-growing
regions (high growth but low income), and relatively underdeveloped regions (low
growth and low income). The following is the matrix and calculation formula for the
Klassen Typology analysis method.
Table 11
GRDP at Constant Prices of DKI Jakarta 2017-2019
Year
GRDP
Central
Jakarta
North
Jakar
ta
West
Jakarta
East
Jakar
ta
South
Jakar
ta
Seribu
Islands
DKI
Jaka
rta
2017
IDR 400,
474
IDR
301,
779
IDR
281,570,5
27
IDR
281,
163
IDR
371,
253
IDR
3,863
IDR
273,
350
2018
IDR 424,
324
IDR
320,
778
IDR
340,355,2
01
IDR
298,
875
IDR
394, 620
IDR
3,932
IDR
290,
351
2019
IDR 452,
820
IDR
333,
656
IDR
319,357,1
40
IDR
314,044,
929
IDR
421, 746
IDR
3,933
IDR
307,
587
Ave
rage
IDR 402,
098
IDR
302,
204
IDR
313,760,9
59
IDR
298,094,
585
IDR
373,
205
IDR
3,870
IDR
274,
316
Table 12
GRDP Growth at Constant Prices Based on Business Field in Jakarta Province 2017-2019
Regency/City
Year
Average
2017
2018
2019
North Jakarta
6.39
6.3
4.01
5.38
Central Jakarta
6.01
5.96
6.72
6.35
East Jakarta
6.25
6.22
5.08
5.84
West Jakarta
6.48
6.4
6.59
6.31
South Jakarta
6.3
6.29
6.87
6.34
Seribu Islands
1.27
1.78
0.01
0.71
DKI Jakarta
5.45
5.49
4.88
5.15
Based on the analysis calculations above, Regency/City areas in the DKI Jakarta
Province can be categorised into several categories based on Regency/City by the Klassen
analysis.
Table 13
Classification of Regencies/Cities of DKI Jakarta Province According to Klassen
Typology, 2017-2019
Growth Rate
Total GDP
y1 > y
y1 < y
Analysis of Regional Leading Sector DKI Jakarta Province Using Klassen Typology and
Location Quotient (Lq) In 2017-2019
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 257
r1 > r
High income and growth:
Central Jakarta, North Jakarta,
West Jakarta, East Jakarta,
South Jakarta.
High Growth and low-
income
r1 < r
High income but low growth
Low income and low
growth: Seribu Islands.
Based on the Klasen Typology matrix table, all cities in DKI Jakarta Province,
namely Central Jakarta, North Jakarta, West Jakarta, East Jakarta, and South Jakarta, are
included in the first category, areas with high-income levels and high growth. Income and
high growth) because the average income of these five cities is greater than the average
income of DKI Jakarta province, as well as the average income growth of these five cities
over the last three years is also higher than the average DKI Jakarta province's income
growth over the last three years (2017-2019).
Seribu Islands Regency is included in areas with low income and low growth
because the average income of Seribu Islands Regency for the last three years is lower
than the average provincial income. DKI Jakarta and regional income growth for Seribu
Islands Regency are also lower than the average income growth for DKI Jakarta province
(2017-2019). This happens because the Thousand Islands are the outermost region of DKI
Jakarta and far from the city centre (the centre of government and economy). Plus, the
narrowest area and tiny population mean that the GDP and growth rate are unlike those
in cities/districts and DKI Jakarta Province (Irham & Mulyo, 2016).
Location Quotient
LQ analysis is an analytical technique to determine the extent of specialisation of
economic sectors in an area that utilises the base or leading sector (Pangow, Memah,
Busdan, Rorong, & Maramis, 2023). LQ calculates the ratio of the share of the output of
sector I in the city or district and the share out of sector I in the province (Tohmo, 2023).
Table 14
Calculation Results of LQ Base Sector Regency/City at DKI Jakarta Province in 2017-
2019
Field of
Business
Value
Regency/City
2017
2018
2019
A
1.08
1.07
1.08
East Jakarta
1.57
1.57
1.61
North Jakarta
71.16
74.99
82.63
Seribu Island
B
423.26
930.38
468.83
Seribu Island
C
2.28
2.26
2.31
East Jakarta
2.67
2.70
2.73
North Jakarta
D
1.80
1.87
1.91
East Jakarta
1.11
1.02
1.00
North Jakarta
E
1.50
1.50
1.53
East Jakarta
Vebrina Hania Cholily, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 258
1.18
1.17
1.16
West Jakarta
1.51
1.50
1.54
North Jakarta
F
1.21
1.21
1.20
West Jakarta
1.23
1.24
1.30
North Jakarta
G
1.09
1.08
1.07
West Jakarta
1.04
1.03
1.05
North Jakarta
H
1.74
1.75
1.72
East Jakarta
1.27
1.27
1.28
West Jakarta
1.23
1.20
1.23
North Jakarta
I
1.09
1.09
1.08
West Jakarta
1.16
1.15
1.14
Central Jakarta
J
1.38
1.38
1.36
South Jakarta
1.87
1.87
1.86
West Jakarta
K
1.28
1.28
1.26
South Jakarta
2.21
2.21
2.19
Central Jakarta
L
1.25
1.26
1.24
South Jakarta
1.07
1.07
1.07
West Jakarta
M
1.39
1.37
1.35
South Jakarta
1.14
1.14
1.12
Central Jakarta
N
1.37
1.37
1.35
South Jakarta
1.78
1.78
1.77
Central Jakarta
O
1.37
1.37
1.39
East Jakarta
1.08
1.08
1.07
West Jakarta
1.09
1.09
1.08
Central Jakarta
P
1.02
1.02
1.03
East Jakarta
1.16
1.16
1.15
South Jakarta
Q
1.47
1.47
1.46
South Jakarta
In the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors, starting from 2017-2019, two
districts or cities are classified as having base sectors in agriculture, forestry, and
fisheries, namely East Jakarta, North Jakarta, and the Seribu Islands. In this case, it can
be seen that the Seribu Islands own the highest LQ value for the agriculture, forestry, and
fisheries sectors because, geographically, the Seribu Islands are located near the Java Sea
with high levels of humidity and water volume (Andriansyah, Nurwanda, & Rifai, 2023).
Meanwhile, in West Jakarta, Central Jakarta, and South Jakarta, the LQ value for
the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors is less than 1, so this sector is not a base
sector for these three cities. In the mining and quarrying sector, the only district or city
with an LQ value above 1 is the Seribu Islands Regency; the LQ value for the Seribu
Islands in the mining and quarrying sector reaches hundreds.
Since 2017-2019, no other Regency/City has had an LQ value > 1, so in the DKI
Jakarta province in the mining and quarrying sector, only the Seribu Islands can be
categorised in the mining and quarrying sector as the base (superior) sector they have.
Likewise, we can classify other sectors based on their LQ value, as seen in the table above.
Analysis of Regional Leading Sector DKI Jakarta Province Using Klassen Typology and
Location Quotient (Lq) In 2017-2019
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 259
Table 15
Comparison of Base Sectors on LQ > 1 in 2017-2019
Field of Business
2017
2018
2019
A
50%
50%
50%
B
17%
17%
17%
C
33%
33%
33%
D
33%
50%
50%
E
50%
50%
50%
F
50%
50%
33%
G
33%
50%
50%
H
50%
50%
50%
I
33%
33%
33%
J
33%
33%
33%
K
33%
33%
33%
L
33%
33%
33%
M
33%
33%
33%
N
33%
33%
33%
O
50%
50%
50%
P
50%
33%
50%
Q
17%
17%
17%
The regions with the largest base sectors are the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
sectors, which comprised three regencies/cities out of 6 regencies/cities or 50% for three
consecutive years starting from 2017-2019. Likewise, in the water supply sector, waste
management, waste and recycling, as well as the education services sector, which also
consists of 3 regencies/cities out of 6 regencies/cities in DKI Jakarta Province, which
have an LQ value > 1 and are classified as essential.
The sector with the smallest number is the mining and quarrying sector, with the
number of regencies/cities classified as a base sector being only one regency/city out of
6 regencies/cities in DKI Jakarta Province or around 17% for the last three years in a row
(2017 -2019), namely Seribu Islands Regency. Other service sectors, where only one
Regency/City is classified as a base sector out of all the Regency/Cities in DKI Jakarta
Province, namely the city of South Jakarta, or only around 17% over the last five years.
In this case, the government is expected to encourage sectors with a small base
value so that each sector can slowly increase its productivity and be more independent in
meeting the needs of each sector, especially non-base sectors in each district or city in
DKI Jakarta Province (Fadhilah, 2023). Notes: A. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries;
B. Mining and Quarrying; C. Manufacturing; D. Electricity and Gas Supply; E. Water
Supply, Waste Management, Sewage and Recycling; F. Construction; G. Wholesale and
Retail Trade, Repair of Cars and Motorcycles; H. Transportation and Warehousing; I.
Provision of Accommodation and Meals; J. Information and Communication; K.
Financial Services and Insurance; L. Real Estate; M. Corporate Services; N. Government
Administration, Defense and Social Security; O. Education Services; P. Health Services
and Social Activities; Q. Other Services; R. GRDP.
Vebrina Hania Cholily, Yanuar Wendy Wardana
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 260
Conclusion
Based on the results of the Klassen Typology analysis, it can be concluded that all
cities in DKI Jakarta Province, namely Central Jakarta, North Jakarta, West Jakarta, East
Jakarta, and South Jakarta, are included in the category of regions with high-income and
high growth. Meanwhile, the Seribu Island Regency includes regions with low income
and growth. Moreover, based on the location quotient method analysis results, each region
in DKI Jakarta's leading sector is seen based on the highest LQ value. East Jakarta, North
Jakarta, and Seribu Islands have agriculture, forestry, and fisheries advantages. Likewise,
the water supply sector, waste management, waste, recycling, and the education service
sector in 3 regions out of 6 regions of DKI Jakarta Province can be called essential sectors
because they have an LQ>1. The mining and quarrying sector is the most minor base
sector because it is only in the Seribu Island region. Other service sectors are in South
Jakarta or only around 17% over the last three years.
Analysis of Regional Leading Sector DKI Jakarta Province Using Klassen Typology and
Location Quotient (Lq) In 2017-2019
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2024 261
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