p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 01 January 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Doi: 10.59141/jist.v5i01.871 207
THE ROLE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS BACTERIA ON THE GROWTH AND
PRODUCTION OF TWO VARIETIES OF SHALLOTS (ALLIUM
ASCALONICUM L.) ASAL TRUE SHALLOT SEED
Rhiki Budianto1*, Mariani Sembiring2, Yaya Hasanah3
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]*, [email protected],
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Shallots; TSS;
Bacillus subtilis.
Increasing the production of shallots from True shallot seed (TSS) can
be done using Bacillus subtilis bacteria. This study aims to determine the
role of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on the growth and production of two
shallot varieties (Allium et al.) from True Sallot Seed. This research was
conducted on Jl. Bandar Meriah, Sukamaju village, Sunggal sub-district,
Deli Serdang district, with a height of 30 MDPL. This research was
conducted from December 2022 to March 2023. This study used a
randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The
first factor is a variety of types: Sanren F-1 and Lokananta. The second
factor was Bacillus subtilis bacteria with four levels: 0 ml/tanaman, 5
ml/plant, 10 ml/plant, and 15 ml/plant. The results showed that the
Lokananta variety had plant heights of 5 and 7 MSPT, number of leaves
4-7 MSPT, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll, fresh tuber weight per
sample, fresh tuber weight per plot, dry tuber weight per sample, and dry
tuber weight per plot, Which is higher than the Sanren F-1 variety.
Giving 15 ml of Bacillus subtilis bacteria/plant has tuber circumference,
number of tubers per plot, the weight of fresh tubers per plot, the weight
of dry tubers per sample, the weight of dry tubers per plot, which is
higher than giving bacteria of 0 ml/plant, 5 ml/plant and 10 ml/plant.
Introduction
Shallots (Allium et al.) are vegetable commodities in the form of bulbs with high
economic value. In Indonesia, the centers of shallot production in 2010-2014 were East
Java, Central Java, West Java, and West Nusa Tenggara (Apriyani, Wahyuni, & Azzumar,
2021). The four production centers have contributed 86.24% to the average shallot
production in Indonesia (Khedr, Kadry, & Walid, 2015).
One of the problems that must be solved is the lack of need for shallots for public
consumption projections due to the availability of planting material (bulbs) that are
difficult to obtain and tuber seeds that are not sterile. Using tubers is generally considered
more practical and easy and has a high success rate. However, the use of tubers has many
disadvantages, especially regarding the quality of the seeds; the price is not low, and the
provision of tubers and the management of tubers, including their storage and distribution.
The solution is to plant shallots from two varieties of seeds, namely the Sanren F-1 variety
and the Lokananta variety (Safrizal, Nazimah, Amini, Nilahayati, & Hafifah, 2022).
Shallot productivity in Indonesia has decreased from 2015 to 2019, namely 10.06
tons/ha, 9.67 tons/ha, 9.31 tons/ha, 9.59 tons/ha, and 9.93 tons/ha. (Chieloka, Kussiy, &
Rhiki Budianto, Mariani Sembiring, Yaya Hasanah
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 01, January 2024 208
Garba, 2020). The low productivity of shallots in Indonesia compared to their production
potential is influenced by several factors: decreased soil fertility, microclimate change,
high plant pest attacks, and seed quality (Sudaryono, Rahwanto, & Komala, 2020). Seed
quality is the basis of crop production, so good preservation is essential for optimal
results.
Based on research by (Azmi et al., 2023), shallots using Lokananta TSS have better
growth than Sanren F-1. This is indicated by Plant Height, number of leaves, and leaf area
compared to Sanren F-1. This phenomenon suggests that genetic and environmental
factors influence plant growth. Although Lokananta varieties generally grow better in the
highlands, the results of this study prove that Lokananta varieties can also adapt to the
environment in the lowlands.
The advantages of TSS (True shallot seed) are high productivity (can reach 26
tons/ha) and the volume of seed needs small (± 7.5 kg/ha). In contrast, using tubers needs
1.5 tons/ha, cheaper transportation and storage costs, and a more durable shelf life (1-2
years), while the tubers can only last four months.
Seed quality is also affected by seed production conditions, cultivars, storage
conditions, and post-harvest maintenance. At the time of storage, seed viability and vigor
are influenced by several things, including genetic factors, biotic moisture content
(microfloral), humidity, relative temperature, and organismal activity (diseases, fungi,
insects, and rodents).
The prospect of shallots is currently excellent, indicated by increasing consumer
demand and population. The average consumption of shallots is 2.57 kg/capita/year
(2017), and with a population of North Sumatra of 14,262,147 people, the need for
shallots reaches 36,653.7 tons/year (Rachman, 2021). Meanwhile, shallot production in
2017 amounted to 16,103 tons. This means that North Sumatra experienced a shortage of
20,550.7 tons. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the increase in shallot production to
achieve self-sufficiency in shallots in Indonesia by planting shallots from seeds of the
Sanren F-1 variety and Lokananta variety.
Bacillus subtilis is a saprophytic and soil bacterium that contributes to the nutrient
cycle due to its ability to produce various enzymes. The industry has used these bacteria
to produce proteases, amylases, antibiotics, and chemicals. B. subtilis PGPR bacteria is
one of the antagonistic bacteria capable of inducing systemic or systemic-induced
resistance in plants.
In the study of (Hersanti, Sudarjat, and Damayanti, 2019), Bacillus subtilis bacteria,
which include plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bacteria, can induce onion
resistance to block pathogens from infecting plant tissues and provide signals for plants
to become resistant. Bacillus subtilis bacteria is a biological control agent with advantages
such as Plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), which can function as a
biofertiliser, biostimulant, decomposer, and protector. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis
produces endospores useful for self-defence from extreme conditions. Bacillus subtilis
bacteria are gram-positive bacteria often found in soil (Rachmat Wicaksono et al., 2016).
The Role of Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria on The Growth and Production of Two Varieties of Shallots
(Allium Ascalonicum L.) Asal True Shallot Seed
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 01, January 2024 209
Bacillus subtilis bacteria and various other bacteria can dissolve potassium in the
soil. Potassium solvent bacteria can release potassium from a mineral by producing
organic acids, such as acetic, citric, oxalic, and so on (Sembiring & Sabrina, 2022).
The research results by (Pieterse et al., 2014) show that the application of earthworm
types and various microbes, including Bacillus subtilis, has a noticeable influence on
plant growth.
Research Methods
Place and Time
This research was carried out on Jl. Bandar Meriah, Sukamaju Village, Sunggal
District, Deli Serdang Regency, with an altitude of 30 m above sea level. This research
will be conducted from December 2022 to March 2023.
Materials and Tools
The materials used in the study were TSS seeds of onion Variets Sanren F-1 and
Lokananta, Bacillus subtilis bacteria, and other necessary ingredients. The tools used are
hoes, meters, ropes, drills, sample trackers, standard pegs, scales, measuring containers,
measuring cups, manual callipers (Vernier calliper), hand sprayers, stationery,
calculators, knives, rulers, and other tools that support the implementation of this
research.
Research Methods
This study used a randomised group design with two factors and three repeats—
first-factor Varieties with two grades: Sanren F-1 and Lokananta. The second factor is
Bacillus subtilis bacteria, which has four levels: control, 5 ml/plant, 10 ml/plant, and 15
ml/plant.
Research Implementation
The implementation of the study included land processing and fertilisation
application with NPK given one week before planting with treatment doses of N 16, P 16
and K 16 as much as 30 g per plot. Then, re-fertilization was carried out when the plants
were 3 MST as much as 20 g per plot and when the plants were 6 MST as much as 10 g
per plot. Treatment of Bacillus subtilis bacteria with four levels was carried out when the
plant was 3 MST old. The parameters observed consist of plant height, number of tubers
and weight. Plant height is calculated at observation 3-7 weeks after planting by
calculating the plant height at the base of the stem from the ground to the tip of the leaf
(Hendarto et al., 2021). After harvesting, the number of tubers was observed by
calculating the number of tubers against five samples in each sample and the treatment
plot (Ichwan et al., 2022). The calculation of tuber weight was observed after harvest by
drying for seven days and then weighing plants on five samples on each treatment plot
(Hendarto et al., 2021).
Rhiki Budianto, Mariani Sembiring, Yaya Hasanah
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 01, January 2024 210
Results and Discussion
Plant Height
The results of observations on the height of onion plants, after experiments were
carried out, showed in Table 1 that the treatment of the V1 variety (siren F-1) with the
administration of Bacillus subtillis bacteria 0 ml/plant resulted in the height of 29.49 cm.
In comparison, treating the F-1 siren variety by administering Bacillus subtillis bacteria
15 ml/plant resulted in a better height of 32.71 cm. Treatment of V2 varieties (Lokananta)
with the administration of Bacillus subtillis bacteria 0 ml/plant resulted in a height of
31.91 cm. In comparison, V2 treatment (Lokananta) with administering Bacillus subtillis
bacteria 15 ml/plant resulted in a better height of 32.15 cm.
Table 1
Plant height of two varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from True Shallot Seed
with Bacillus subtilis bacteria treatment at 7 MSPT
Treatment
V1
(sanren F-
1)
V2
(Lokananta)
Track
B0 (0ml/tanaman) 29,49a 31,91abc 30,70
B1 (5ml/tanaman) 30,01from 32,07abc 31,04
B2(10ml/tanaman) 31,31abc 32,42abc 31,86
B3(15ml/tanaman) 32,71abc 32,19abc 32,45
Track 30,88 32,15
In Table 1, it can be seen that the combination of varietal treatment with Bacillus
subtilis bacteria significantly affects plant height. On the Lokananta variety (V2). Bacillus
subtilis 15 ml/plant (B3) has better plant height than the Sanren F-1 (V1) variety. In the
Lokananta variety (V2), the administration of Bacillus subtilis 15 ml/plant differs
markedly in increasing the number of tubers compared to the absence of the
administration of Bacillus subtilis 0 ml/plant.
Based on the discussion above. This is in line with the research of Istiqomah et al.
(2017); Bacillus subtillis and P. fluorescens, which are classified as RPTT, can increase
the growth of tomato plants because they function to produce the hormone Indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA). Furthermore, Wartono et al. (2014) stated that Bacillus subtillis positively
influences plant growth.
Jumlah Umbi
The results of observations on the number of onion bulbs after experiments were
carried out can be seen in Table 2 that the treatment of varieties V1 (siren F-1) with the
administration of Bacillus subtillis bacteria 0 ml/plant resulted in the number of tubers as
much as 175.17 tubers while the treatment of the F-1 siren variety with the administration
of Bacillus subtillis bacteria 15 ml/plant resulted in a better number of tubers of 195.00
tubers. Treatment of V2 varieties (Lokananta) with the administration of Bacillus subtillis
bacteria 0 ml/plant resulted in several tubers, as much as 176.67. In comparison, V2
treatment (Lokananta) with administering Bacillus subtillis bacteria 15 ml/plant resulted
in a better number of tubers, 187.00.
The Role of Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria on The Growth and Production of Two Varieties of Shallots
(Allium Ascalonicum L.) Asal True Shallot Seed
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 01, January 2024 211
Table 2
Number of bulbs of two varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from True Shallot
Seed with Bacillus subtilis Bacteria treatment
Treatment
V1(sanren
F-1)
V2(Lokananta) Track
B0
(0ml/tanaman)
175,17a 176,67from 175,92
B0
(5ml/tanaman)
188,00abc 180,00abc 184,00
B0
(10ml/tanaman)
190,00abc 181,67abc 185,83
B0
(15ml/tanaman)
195,00abc 187,00abc 191,00
Track 187,04 181,33
In Table 2, it can be seen that the combination of varietal treatment with Bacillus
subtilis bacteria has a significant effect on the number of tubers. In the Sanren F-1 (V1)
variety, the application of Bacillus subtilis 15 ml/plant (B3) has a better number of tubers
than the Lokananta variety (V2). In the Sanren F-1 (V1) variety, the administration of
Bacillus subtilis 15 ml/plant differs markedly in increasing the number of tubers
compared to the absence of the administration of Bacillus subtilis 0 ml/plant.
Based on the discussion above, this aligns with research conducted by Despita et
al. (2017), who found that adding new leaves always follows the formation of prospective
onion bulbs. The period of formation of prospective tubers occurs until the age of 35 HST,
and the following process focuses on filling the tubers.
Bobot Umbi
The results of observations on the weight of onion bulbs after experiments were
carried out can be seen in Table 3 that the treatment of varieties V1 (siren F-1) with the
administration of Bacillus subtillis bacteria 0 ml/plant resulted in a tuber weight of 930.00
g. In comparison, the treatment of varieties of Sanren F-1 with the administration of
Bacillus subtillis bacteria 15 ml/plant resulted in a better tuber weight of 1035.83 g.
Treatment of V2 varieties (Lokananta) with the administration of Bacillus subtillis
bacteria 0 ml/plant resulted in a tuber weight of 950.00 g., In comparison, V2 treatment
(Lokananta) with administering Bacillus subtillis bacteria 15 ml/plant resulted in a better
number of tubers of 1037.92 g.
Table 3
Bulb weights of two varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from True Shallot
Seed with Bacillus subtilis bacterial treatment
Treatment
V1 (sanren
F-1)
V2(Lokananta) Track
B0(0ml/tanaman) 930,00a 950,00from 940,00
B1(5ml/tanaman) 1043,33abc 1000,00abc 1021,67
B2(10ml/tanaman) 1053,33abc 1033,33abc 1043,33
B3(15ml/tanaman) 1116,67abc 1168,33abc 1142,50
Track 1035,83 1037,92 -
Rhiki Budianto, Mariani Sembiring, Yaya Hasanah
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 01, January 2024 212
Table 3 shows that the combination of varietal treatment with Bacillus subtilis
bacteria significantly affects tuber weight. On the Lokananta variety (V2). Bacillus
subtilis 15 ml/plant (B3) has a better tuber weight than the Sanren F-1 (V1) variety. In
the Lokananta variety (V2), the administration of Bacillus subtilis 15 ml/plant differs
markedly in increasing the number of tubers compared to the absence of the
administration of Bacillus subtilis 0 ml/plant.
Based on the research above, this aligns with research conducted by Olrh
Husnihuda et al. (2017). Living PGPR utilizes root exudate to produce plant hormone
IAA (indole acetic acid), and auxin helps plant cell elongation and growth of new cells
and tubers. To increase the growth and production of shallots.
Conclusion
Giving Bacillus subtilis bacteria can increase the growth and production of onion
plants, with the application of Bacillus subtilis bacteria 15 ml/plant in the Lokananta
variety showing the highest average plant height of 32.15 cm. While observing the highest
number of tubers, the results were found in applying Bacillus subtilize bacteria 15
ml/plant in the Sanren F-1 variety, which was 187.04 tubers. In the observation of the
weight of plant tubers, the highest yield was found in applying Bacillus subtilize bacteria
15 ml/plant in the Lokananta variety, which was 1037.92 g. With this, it was found that
administering Bacillus subtilis bacteria in two onion varieties, namely V1 (Sanren F-1)
and V2 (Lokananta), could improve all observed parameters.
The Role of Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria on The Growth and Production of Two Varieties of Shallots
(Allium Ascalonicum L.) Asal True Shallot Seed
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 01, January 2024 213
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