p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 1 January 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Doi: 10.59141/jist.v5i01.861 269

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE POLICY OF INTEGRATION OF
RESEARCHERS INTO BRIN ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN

RESOURCES IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH

Khanan Yusuf1*, Vishnu Juwono2
Universitas Indonesia Depok, Indonesia

Email : [email protected]*, [email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT
Keywords: BRIN;
Researchers; Policy impact;
Policy Implementation; Human
resources.

This article provides information on integrating researchers into
Indonesia's National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Discuss
BRIN's objectives, plans for developing research resources, and
collaboration with educational and research institutions. The document
also mentions challenges national research faces in Indonesia, such as
limited human resources for research. Integrating researchers into BRIN
is a solution to improve the quality and quantity of research in Indonesia.
BRIN aims to improve the quality and quantity of researchers in
Indonesia by integrating researchers into its system. This integration
involves cooperation with educational and research institutions at
national and international levels. This article highlights the importance
of human resources in research and the need to address expertise
shortages in some complex regions. BRIN was established based on the
merger of five institutions, including the Indonesian Institute of Sciences
(LIPI) and the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). It also
mentions the use of various research analysis methods, such as policy
analysis and evaluative analysis, to assess the impact of policies and the
implementation of research programs.

Introduction

The development of national research in Indonesia still faces several obstacles,
including limited human resources (HR) to excel in the field of research. This is a
significant obstacle to improving national research quality and accelerating national
innovation. For this reason, the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) seeks
to overcome these problems by integrating researchers into BRIN (Arjul, Madhakomala,
& Rugaiyah, 2023).

Laksana Tri Handoko said superior human resources (HR) play a 70 per cent role
in the research ecosystem. Infrastructure now plays a role of 20% and budget plays a role
of 10%. BRIN's expertise as an institution depends on researchers, but training good
scientists takes a long time (ESDM, 2015)

"The main problem is human resources. BRIN is relatively good in the fields of
biological sciences and materials science. However, human resources in complex fields
such as nuclear power, space, and others are still insufficient. Handoko said in the press
conference, "It is Time for BRIN to Respond" on Friday, February 10, 2023, in Jakarta.

The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) seeks to overcome these
problems by implementing a policy of integrating researchers into BRIN. As part of the

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integration, BRIN will integrate all research institutions in Indonesia, including research
institutions and universities, into one integrated system (Sofanudin, 2022)

The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) was established based on
Presidential Decree (Perpres) No. 78 of 2021 as a merger of 5 (five) bodies, namely the
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), the Agency for the Assessment and Application
of Technology. (BPPT) National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), National Institute
of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), and Research and Technology / BRIN (Fatiha,
Fadhlina, & Wardani, 2023).

Based on this Presidential Decree, BRIN is responsible for implementing
government duties in research, development, assessment, and application, as well as
invention and innovation, nuclear power implementation, and space administration at the
national and integrated levels (RAMADHAN, 2023)

BRIN divides its institutional structure into three main functions: the internal
service function, the research and innovation service function, and the technical research
and innovation function. Figure 1 shows the flow of BRIN business processes according
to the separation of three main functions. BRIN is committed to conducting research and
innovation activities based on more effective and efficient business processes.

Figure 1. BRIN Business Process Level-0

(Source: Renstra BRIN 2022 and 2024)

BRIN, as a leading government research and development institution, plays a vital
role in efforts to achieve the 2020-2024 RPJMN. However, BRIN is also responsible for
actively solving the problem of a low critical mass of Indonesia's research and innovation
sector in line with the RIRN National Research Master Plan 2017-2045. Without efforts
to address these fundamental problems, the research sector will not be able to contribute
to or accelerate Indonesia's advanced development.

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Figure 2. Policy Direction and Strategy for Science and Technology

Development and Innovation 2020 - 2024
(Source: Outlook for the 2021 Work Plan of the National Research and Innovation

Agency)

Based on its functional position, BRIN's human resources department is divided
into two groups: Human Resources in the Field of Science and Technology and Human
Resources in Science and Technology Management. At the end of 2022, BRIN's science
and technology personnel totalled 9,729 people, and science and technology management
personnel totalled 5,012 people. In terms of functional positions, researchers are the most
critical functional positions in BRIN.

Graph 1. BRIN HR Based on Functional Position

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Graph 2. BRIN Human Resources Based on Education Level

As a follow-up to Article 71 of the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of

Indonesia Number 78 of 2021 concerning the National Research and Innovation Agency
(BRIN), it is necessary to transfer employees from the Ministry of Research and
Technology (Kemristek), the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology
(BPPT), the National Nuclear Energy Agency (Batan), the Indonesian Institute of
Sciences (LIPI), the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Lapan) (Annisa, 2022)

The Head of BRIN submitted a proposal for the mutation of BRIN employees to
the Head of the State Public Service Agency (BKN) through a letter dated September 20,
2021, with the proposal scheduled for October 1, 2021. He said employee mutations are
divided into two stages, namely. The initial stage began with transferring the Ministry of
Research and Technology / BRIN, BPPT, Batan, LIPI, and Lapan employees to the State
Civil Apparatus (ASN) BRIN.

Then, we must proceed to Phase II, namely the mutation of scientists and other
supporting personnel from ministries/agencies by Article 65 of the Presidential
Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 78 of 2021, which proposes the transfer
of researchers and other supporting human resources to BRIN, which aims to carry out
the transfer to be determined on January 1, 2022.

In addition to integrating ministries, institutions, and LPNK (BATAN, BPPT,
LAPAN, LIPI), BRIN redistributes human resource budgets and research within
ministries/agencies. It mutates employees who carry out research and development
functions of ministries/institutions to employees of the National Disaster Management
Agency (Batan, BPPT, LAPAN, LIPI). Research and Development. Research and
innovation. Transferring ministerial/institutional employees to BRIN employees in 2022
is as follows: General ledger employees are transferred to BRIN employees. 3 out of 38
K/L.847 employees transferred (3,319: middle and junior JF experts; 528: primary JF
experts).

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Labor 28 L/L. In the second stage, another 5 L/L was added. "There are now 11
L/Ls registered, and in this second phase, the nature of the proposal complements each
other." A total of 33 L/L are integrated," he explained. For information, HR researchers
who joined BRIN this time came from 15 ministries/lists, namely the Geospatial
Information Agency, the National Population and Family Planning Agency, the Attorney
General's Office, and the General Secretariat of the House of Representatives, the
Ministry of Religious Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Law and Human
Rights, Ministry of Communication and Information, Ministry of Education, Culture,
Research and Technology,

Ministry of State Defense, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Defense, Ministry
of Social Affairs, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and
Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
The transfer of research budgets in Ministries/Institutions is shown below.

Figure 3. Recapitulation of the Transfer of Ministerial/Institutional Budgets

into DIPA BRIN in 2022
(Source: Sestama Performance Report - BRIN)

This policy has had a tremendous impact; BRIN has become a super large

organisation, and BRIN has become the sole body or the only institution that carries out
research, development, study, and application activities, as well as invention and
innovation. With the strength of human resources, a considerable budget, and broader
tasks and functions, competent and visionary management must manage it.

The purpose of this journal is to analyse the impact of the policy of integrating
researchers into BRIN on the development of human resources in Indonesia's research
field. In this analysis, it will be seen how the policy of integrating researchers into BRIN
can help improve the capacity and competence of researchers' human resources, as well
as other impacts arising from this policy.

Research Methods

The type of research used in this study is descriptive research using qualitative
approach methods. The focus of his research is the background of the policy of

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transferring research functional officials from ministries and institutions into BRIN. In
this study, researchers used the location to conduct research, the BRIN Office, Jl.
Thamrin. The research site is the Deputy of SDMI BRIN. Data analysis, as revealed by
Miles and Huberman in Sugiyono (2009, p.246), is data reduction, data presentation, and
conclusion drawing or verification.

Results and Discussion
Policy analysis

Prospective policy analysis is an analysis of a policy made by a particular party.
The analysis focuses on the consequences before and after the policy is made. In other
words, prospective policy analysis makes it possible to assess how a policy has impacted
both before and after implementation. This model is known as a predictive model.
Retrospective policy analysis (Wahab, 2021)

Retrospective policy analysis is policy analysis where the focus is on how the policy
will impact once established and implemented. This type of analysis is usually referred
to as evaluative analysis. Integrative policy analysis

Integrative policy analysis combines prospective and retrospective policy analysis.
Policy analysis starts from the agenda of making to implementing and evaluating policies
and the consequences of implementing these policies. Policy analysis has several
characteristics, as stated by Joko Widodo in his book entitled Public Policy Analysis, that
the characteristics of policy analysis are as follows (Aziz et al., 2020):
1. Policy analysis as a cognitive activity
2. Policy analysis is part of the policy process that is generated collectively so that it is

the result of collective activity.
3. Policy analysis is an applied intellectual discipline.
4. Policy analysis that is closely related to public issues

Policy outputs differ from policy impacts theoretically. Therefore, according to Dye
(1981), it is essential to measure the benefits of government actions and consider this
because the measurement of government activity solely measures policy output. In
discussing the determinants of public policy, the size of public policy output is significant
to pay attention to. However, to evaluate the impact of public policy, it is essential to
identify the types of changes in the environment that relate to efforts to measure
government action.

In a broad sense, policy analysis includes research findings on policy processes and
the methods used to implement them. For many years, policy analysis has always aimed
to provide policymakers with information to consider to resolve policy issues. In a broad
sense, policy analysis involves the result of knowledge about the policy process and how
the policy process is conducted. Policy analysis has provided policymakers with
information to solve policy problems for many years.

Policy analysis focuses on problem formulation and problem-solving. Problem
appreciation, problem search, definition, and specification are four interdependent stages

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in the problem formulation. Each stage produces information about the problem situation,
meta-problem, substantive, and formal (Nawi, 2021).

Positive Impact

The policy of integrating researchers into the National Research and Innovation
Agency (BRIN) has a significant positive impact. Here are some of the positive impacts
of the policy of integrating researchers into BRIN on the development of human resources
in the field of research:
1. More Effective Research Collaboration: Integrating researchers into BRIN encourages

more effective collaboration between researchers from different research institutions
and universities. Empirical data shows that collaboration between researchers from
different institutions can lead to higher-quality research and accelerate discovery and
innovation. In a study by (Guerrero & Urbano, 2019), collaboration between
researchers from different institutions is associated with improved research quality and
a more significant impact on science. Here are the collaborations carried out by BRIN:

1. BRIN research collaboration with Jayapura University of Science and Technology
involves community participation. BRIN collaborates with Jayapura University of
Science and Technology in this research collaboration involving community
participation. It aims to obtain more accurate and relevant data to the local
community's needs.

2. BRIN opens access to interdisciplinary research collaboration; BRIN opens as much
access as possible for interdisciplinary research collaboration. This aims to strengthen
the network of researchers and increase the research level of all BRIN work units,
including BRPSDI, in the future.

3. BRIN's collaboration proposal with universities for research on the use of AI in
agriculture uses the COVID-19 Handling Research and Innovation Consortium as a
means of expertise collaboration that optimizes the use of science. With the
consortium, it is easier for Indonesia to conduct evaluations to prepare provisions to
face other unexpected challenges (emerging issues). BRIN collaborates with
universities in research on the use of AI for agriculture. It aims to improve the
effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of agriculture in Indonesia.

4. BRIN – BPS research collaboration: BRIN collaborates with BPS in research that aims
to obtain more accurate and relevant data to the community's needs.

In a more effective research collaboration at BRIN, several things need to be

considered, including Involving community participation to obtain more accurate and
relevant data to the needs of local communities. Open as much access as possible for
cross-disciplinary research collaboration to strengthen research networks and increase the
research level of all work units in BRIN. Increase research effectiveness, efficiency, and
sustainability by utilizing technologies such as AI. Obtain data that is more accurate and
relevant to the community's needs.

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1. Access to Better Resources and Infrastructure: Researchers integrated into BRIN have
more accessible and more secure access to research resources and infrastructure
managed by BRIN. This includes access to research facilities, laboratories, libraries,
and available research data. In a study by (Walsh et al., 2021), researchers with easy
access to research resources reported higher research productivity, resulting in more
publications.

Here are examples of better access to resources and infrastructure that BRIN High-
Performance Computing has done
a. BRIN's Mahameru High-Performance Computing (HPC) Research Infrastructure,

BRIN consolidates the computing resources contained in BRIN to make it more
efficient. BRIN also made SOPs for infrastructure access to facilitate the use of these
resources.

b. BRIN's Strategic Research Focus on the Deep Sea: BRIN focuses on human resources
and infrastructure for deep-sea research, including using submarines and submersibles
as examples of infrastructure used.

c. With the creation of more than 61 innovative products of the Covid-19 Research and
Innovation Consortium, BRIN played a role in creating more than 61 innovative
products of the Covid-19 Research and Innovation Consortium under the coordination
of the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation
Agency.

d. Better ICT Infrastructure and Frequency Resources: BRIN improves ICT
infrastructure and frequency resources to support better communication and
information.

e. More Open Access to Funding Sources, BRIN helps PT. Pegadaian and BPR/BPRS
will gain more open access to funding sources from third parties (DPK) to strengthen
microfinance infrastructure.

f. Increased Research Funding: Integrating researchers into BRIN provides better access
to research funding sources. BRIN has a role in allocating research funds to various
research projects. By integrating into BRIN, researchers have easier access to funding
opportunities offered by BRIN. A study by (Ebadi & Schiffauerova, 2016) states that
researchers who get adequate funding have a more significant opportunity to conduct
high-quality and significantly impactful research.

g. Socialization of Research and Innovation Funding Scheme: BRIN socializes research
and innovation funding program schemes. The aim is to encourage the improvement
of the quality of research and innovation in Indonesia.

h. BRIN proposes to increase the Research Endowment Fund by IDR 5 trillion for the
2024 fiscal year.

i. Research and Innovation Funding Scheme for Advanced Indonesia (RIIM)
Expedition, BRIN, in collaboration with LPDP of the Ministry of Finance, opened a
Research and Innovation funding scheme for Advanced Indonesia (RIIM) Expedition.

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j. Focusing on Research Infrastructure Improvement, BRIN has provided and increased
the capacity of strategic research infrastructure to support more effective and efficient
research.

k. Sharing Funding and Global Research Partnerships, BRIN has a joint funding scheme
to conduct and improve research.

Negative impact
The policy of integrating researchers into the National Research and Innovation

Agency (BRIN) has had a significant negative impact. Here are some of the negative
impacts associated with the policy, supported by concrete data and supporting journals:
2. Deterioration in Research Quality: Integrating researchers into BRIN can decrease

research quality. A study conducted by (Hamdan Wafa, 2021) shows that the policy of
integrating researchers into government institutions can hinder researchers' academic
freedom and independence. This can result in researchers being unable to keep up with
their research interests, reducing the quality of the research produced.

The decline in research quality at BRIN can occur in various aspects; here are
examples of decreased research quality at BRIN:
a. Lack of data quality: One example of a decrease in research quality at BRIN is the lack

of data quality used in research. This can happen if the data is invalid, inaccurate, or
unverified. For example, if a study uses unverified or invalid data, then the results of
that study are unreliable.

b. Improper research methods: Research conducted at BRIN can also experience a
decrease in quality if the research methods used are not appropriate. For example,
suppose the research uses methods that do not meet the research objectives or do not
meet the criteria of good research. In that case, the study results are unreliable.

c. Lack of validity and reliability of research instruments: Research conducted at BRIN
can also experience a decrease in quality if the instruments used do not have sufficient
validity and reliability. For example, the results are unreliable if a research instrument
cannot measure the variables studied accurately or inconsistently.

d. Lack of variable control: Research conducted at BRIN can also experience a decrease
in quality if adequate variable control is not carried out. For example, if the study does
not control for variables that can affect the results, then the results are not reliable.

3. Limited Access to Data and Resources: Integrating researchers into BRIN can also
result in limited access to data and resources needed to conduct research. A study by
(Gruber et al., 2021) suggests that integrating researchers into government agencies
can restrict researchers' access to the data necessary to conduct quality research. This
can hinder the progress of research and innovation in the country.

These examples illustrate some of the limitations of data access and resources that
may arise due to the policy of integrating researchers into BRIN, namely:
a. There are limitations in employee recruitment due to regulations that only allow

recruitment through the civil servant and PPPK schemes until 2023. This results in the
termination of employment of contract workers at the end of each fiscal year, which
can limit the availability of research. Resources.

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b. The lack of human resources is a big obstacle for national research, including at BRIN.
Internal problems within BRIN must be resolved first before targeting further
objectives

c. BRIN's limited number of researchers, scientists, and engineers affects research in all
fields and impacts the research ecosystem. The lack of human resources is a significant
limitation that must be overcome to accelerate national innovation.

d. The role of data librarians in improving research literacy and data management is vital
in the research ecosystem. However, a limited number of data librarians can limit
access to data and research sources.

4. Political and Bureaucratic Influence: The integration of researchers into BRIN can
bring political and bureaucratic influences that have the potential to undermine
research independence. A journal by (Edler, Kuhlmann, and Helfrich, 2023) highlights
that integrating researchers into government agencies can result in more polarised
research and influenced by particular political interests. This can reduce the objectivity
and quality of the resulting research.

5. Low Research Collaboration and Network: Integrating researchers into BRIN can
reduce research collaboration and networking. A study by (Spatola & Macdorman,
2021) revealed that integrating researchers into centralized government institutions
can hinder collaboration and knowledge exchange between researchers in different
institutions. This can hinder the creation of sustainable innovation.

Conclusion
Based on the problems raised in this study, namely "how the policy of integrating

researchers into BRIN can help improve the capacity and competence of human resources
researchers," this study uses Federick W. Taylor & Henry's theory of human resource
development and William Dunn's policy analysis theory to analyze the impact of
researchers' integration policies into BRIN on human resource development in the field
of research. The results showed a positive impact of the policy of integrating researchers
into BRIN. First, there is a more effective research collaboration between researchers
integrated into BRIN. This allows the exchange of knowledge and experience between
researchers that can improve the quality of research.

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