ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING, AUDITOR SWITCHING, AND GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON GOING CONCERN AUDIT OPINION

ABSTRACT


Introduction
Financial statements are a way to convey formatted information to be placed in the main components of financial statements, where an item needs to meet the definition of basic elements.They can be assessed through a level of provisions that are sufficiently related and reliable (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2016).According to (Vasarhelyi, Alles, & Kogan, 2018), an Audit is a process of accumulating and analyzing evidence related to the information to determine and report the accuracy of the information obtained per established standards.Statement of Auditing Standards (PSA) No. 30 Section 341 on "Auditor's Consideration of an Entity's Ability to Maintain Its Survival" states that an auditor has the responsibility to analyze to determine any doubts in a company's ability to maintain the viability of the company for a reasonable period, which is less than one year from the date of the audited financial statements.
One of the problems faced by the coal sector in Indonesia is the selling price for mineral and coal commodities, experiencing unfavorable conditions.The Net-Zero Emission (NZE) policy that is being launched by several countries is predicted to have an impact on the coal industry globally.Based on this, the coal sub-sector is currently facing major challenges.The condition of coal prices and the threat of decreasing demand with the NZE policy can affect the company's business continuity in these sub-sectors.At the same time, the recorded deficit in the financial statements of some of these companies caused several companies to receive going concern audit opinions and some of them were delisted from the IDX.Companies in the coal sub-sector were the companies most delisted by the IDX during the 2016-2020 period.PT Borneo Lumbung Energi & Metal Tbk in 2020 was delisted because it did not have business continuity.PT Bara Jaya Internasional Tbk was delisted the previous year after being suspended for not having business continuity.In 2017, two companies in the coal sub-sector were delisted: PT Berau Coal Energy Tbk and PT Permata Prima Sakti Tbk.
Based on the Law on Limited Liability Companies No. 40 of 2007 in article 1, paragraph 1 explains that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a commitment from the company that has participated in sustainable economic development that aims to advance the quality of life as well as the environment that has benefits for the company and the surrounding community.This commitment is one form of the company's strategy to add value to its company by showing that it pays attention to the surrounding social environment.Research (Amba, 2021) shows that Corporate Social Responsibility positively influences the company's going concern.This activity will have an impact on the profitability and survival of the company.
Auditor switching is a form of changing the Public Accounting Firm (KAP) or public accountant by the company (Laksmiati & Atiningsih, 2018).A regulation regulates the rotation of auditor duties in Indonesia; this regulation aims to protect the independence of auditors (Adli & Suryani, 2019).This is because if an auditor or KAP has a strong bond with the client, it will affect independence in conducting the audit.This is supported by research (2020), which states that switching auditors positively and significantly influences the acceptance of going-concern audit opinions.Thus, switching auditors can potentially affect auditor independence and significantly affect the provision of goingconcern audit opinions.
Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is a system to manage and supervise business control activities that run continuously to increase the value of shares, where this will increase the value of the company and become a form of accountability to shareholders without neglecting the interests of stakeholders consisting of employees, creditors, and the community.Implementing good corporate governance itself consists of several elements, namely Managerial Share Ownership, Independent Commissioners, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee.
Managerial share ownership is a form of implementing good corporate governance that can equalize the interests of principals and agents (Rhomyah, 2020).With this, it is expected that the managers can be a liaison of the interests of each manager and shareholder and also a form of supervision of policies taken by management.Based on research, managerial ownership has a positive effect on going-concern audit opinions.Thus, managerial shareholding can potentially influence going concern audit opinions.
The Board of Independent Commissioners must be a balancer in decision-making to protect minority investors and other related parties (Febriani et al., 2019).The existence of an Independent Board of Commissioners will show that there is an independent party in the company's management.This will increase the company's value and will make investors confident in the survival of the company.According to research (Rosalinda et al., 2019), the Independent Board of Commissioners influences the provision of going concern audit opinions.
Based on Law No. 40 of 2007, the part of the company that has the authority as well as responsibility for the management of the company for the needs of the company by the company's vision and mission and becomes a representative for the company rises in or out of court by the provisions of the articles of association called the Board of Directors.A company's greater number of Board of Directors will make it more expert in business management.This shows the effectiveness of company decision-making in maximizing company performance.According to research (Rhomyah, 2020), the Board of Directors significantly influences the acceptance of going concern audit opinions.
One of the principles that exist in the implementation of good corporate governance is independence.The Audit Committee is expected to control and monitor decisions made by management by not taking sides with a party but binding all parties involved in the company.Supervision will increase the company's value as a form of good corporate governance implementation.According to research conducted (Febriyanti & Mujiyati, 2021), the Audit Committee significantly influences the acceptance of going concern audit opinions.
Not a few factors can cause the company to obtain a going concern audit opinion.However, some of the factors above, such as the implementation of corporate sustainability reporting manifested in the form of sustainability reporting, auditor switching, and the application of good corporate governance reflected in managerial share ownership, independent commissioners, board of directors, and audit committees from previous studies show inconsistencies in the results of research by previous researchers.
Based on this, the author wants to examine the relationship between the factors influencing the provision of going concern audit opinions.This study aims to determine the influence of sustainability reporting, auditor switching, and good corporate governance on the receipt of going concern audit opinions of coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020.

Research Methods
The research method is quantitative.The sampling technique is a purposive sampling technique, which obtained a total of 13 research samples with a research period during 2016-2020 so that 65 research sample units were obtained.
3 Coal sub-sector companies that did not publish annual reports during the 2016-2020 period.
( The data analysis method in this study is to use panel data regression analysis using E-Views 12.The form of the panel data regression analysis equation used is as follows:

Results and Discussion
Before carrying out the panel data regression process, the data obtained is an outlier to eliminate distorted data.In the end, the data used in this study were 45 sample units from 9 companies.In the panel data regression process, three regression models can be used, namely, Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM).To determine the most appropriate model, it is necessary to conduct testing in advance.The tests performed are the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests.
Based on the results of the Chow test, the best model is the fixed effect model.Furthermore, in testing, Hausman obtained the best model results from random effect models.The best random effect model results are obtained for the Lagrange multiplier test results.So, in this study, the most appropriate regression model used is the random effect model.The following are the test results with a random effect model.The results of the partial hypothesis test can be seen through the significance level contained in the probability value.Meanwhile, this study uses the coefficient value to form a logistic regression equation.Based on the test results, a logistic regression equation can be made as follows: Y=0,770598+0,186776X_1+0,051709X_2+3,543540X_3-0.901984X_4-0,035528X_5-0,595612X_6Based on the logistic regression test results, the adjusted r-squared value is 0.255398.This shows that independent variables, namely sustainability reporting, auditor switching, managerial shareholding, independent commissioner, board of directors, and audit committee, simultaneously influence the receipt of going concern audit opinions.The independent variable in this study can explain the dependent variable, which is 25.53%.The remaining 74.47% explained other factors that were not in the study.Based on the logistic regression test results, we can see that this study's value of obtaining prob (f-statistic) is 0.007275 or 0.07%.The value is less than the value of 0.05 (5%).Based on this, independent variables, namely sustainability reporting, switching auditors, managerial share ownership, independent commissioners, board of commissioners, and audit committees, simultaneously influence the dependent variable, namely the provision of going concern audit opinions.

Variable
The sustainability reporting variable has a coefficient value of 0.186776 with a probability value of 0.6966, where the value is greater than 0.05.This shows that sustainability reporting does not affect receiving going concern audit opinions.Sustainability reporting in this study is a form of corporate responsibility that does not directly affect the sustainability of a company's business.The results of this research are from (Amalia & Nazar, 2015) and ( 2014), which state that corporate social responsibility does not influence audit concern opinions.In research conducted (2014), the author stated that auditors, in assessing a company's business sustainability not only look at the company's responsibility to the environment and society but also pay attention to the company's overall identity.
The switching auditor variable has a coefficient value of 0.051709 with a probability value of 0.051709.The probability value is not less than 0.05.This shows that the switching auditor variable does not affect the acceptance of the going concern audit opinion.Changes in auditors are an obligation that needs to be done by the company within a certain time, where even though it is voluntary, changes in auditors cannot prove their effect in providing going concern audit opinions.The results are by research from (Setiadamayanthi & Wirakusuma, 2016) and (Wardani & Satyawan, 2022), which state that switching auditors does not influence going concern audit opinions.
Managerial shareholding has a coefficient value of 3.543540 and a probability value of 0.0086, where the probability value is not greater than 0.05.This shows that managerial shareholding significantly influences the acceptance of going-concern audit opinions.Managerial share ownership is a form of share ownership from the managerial party, where large managerial share ownership will affect managers in managing the business, which will affect the level of business continuity of a company in the future.The results of this research align with research (Rhomyah, 2020) and (Jayamudita, 2018), which revealed that managerial ownership positively influences going concern audit opinions.
The independent commissioner has a coefficient value of -0.901984 with a probability of 0.0226, less than 0.05.This shows that the independent commissioner variable significantly influences the acceptance of the going concern audit opinion.Independent commissioners are important as independent parties in the company's management.When an independent commissioner can carry out his duties and obligations properly, it will positively affect business continuity.This will make the company's chances of receiving a going concern audit opinion decrease.The study's results align with research (A. et al., 2022), which state that independent commissioners negatively influence the acceptance of going concern audit opinions.
The board of directors has a coefficient value of -0.035528 and a probability value of 0.3488, with a value greater than 0.05 indicating that the board of directors variable does not influence the acceptance of the going concern audit opinion.This may be because the role of the board of directors is only one of the supporters of the company's business continuity and does not significantly impact the sustainability of the company's business.This research aligns with research (Vania &Nurbaiti, 2022) and(Khoirun Nisa, 2020), revealing that the board of directors does not influence the going concern audit opinion.
The audit committee has a coefficient value of -0.595612 with a probability value of 0.2368.A value greater than 0.05 can be interpreted as the audit committee variable does not significantly affect the acceptance of the going concern audit opinion.According to (Ravyanda, Wahyuni, & Zubaidah, 2014), this result may be due to the absence of influence from the audit committee on the performance of independent auditors in evaluating the company's business continuity.The results of this study are by research (Ravyanda et al., 2014) and (Ardiyanti, Putra, & Santosa, 2021), which revealed that the audit committee does not affect the going concern audit opinion.

Conclusion
The results of the research and discussion above conclude that coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020 with a total sample of 45, it can be concluded that sustainability reporting, switching auditors, managerial share ownership, independent commissioners, board of directors, and audit committees have a simultaneous influence on the receipt of going concern audit opinions.Partially, managerial shareholding variables have a positive influence, and independent commissioners negatively influence the acceptance of going concern audit opinions.Meanwhile, the variables of sustainability reporting, switching auditors, board of directors, and audit committee do not have a partial effect.Based on the results of managerial share ownership and independent commissioners who influence the provision of going concern audit opinions, it is hoped that this can be an insight for future research related to the provision of going concern audit opinions.In addition, further researchers are expected to be able to use other objects and variables that can be indicated to influence the acceptance of going concern audit opinions.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Benchmark Coal Price Chart for 2016-2020 Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (accessed 2022)