p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 4, No. 9 September 2023 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Doi: 10.59141/jist.v4i9.724 1541

LAND USE CONVERSION PRACTICES IN PONCOL MAGETAN SUB-

DISTRICT

*Correspondence

Accepted

: 12-09-2023

Revised

: 20-09-2023

Approved

: 25-09-2023

Introduction

Officially, for more than ten years, Indonesia has lacked a sufficient legal basis for

land use change in forest areas. Here Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry does

not have regulations that are instrumental enough to its interpretation and practical

implementation (Riduwan, 2022). Although on January 22, 2010, the Government issued

Government Regulation Number 10 of 2010 to provide the relevant legal basis, this

situation still cannot help. In practice, many land use conversion decisions in forest areas

are continuously produced by the government under the prohibition stipulated in Article

38 of Law Number 41 of 1999. This situation shows that there are several gaps in the area

without any improvement by laws and regulations. One of the loopholes is that Law

traditional landowners, indigenous peoples, and parties interested in land use (Qatrunnada,

Syarifudin, Adnan, & Syaputra, 2023). Inequities in land use conversion policies and

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mismatches between local needs and economic or political interests can trigger conflicts

and social tensions between various parties (Tuakora, Mardiatmoko, & Lelloltery, n.d.).

Conflict between the Regional Government and the Central Government, this

conflict arises when local government authorities want to change the designation and

development in Magetan Regency that needs to be anticipated and resolved so that

development goals can be achieved. Meanwhile, according to data from Bakesbangpol

Magetan Regency, there have been a series of landslides due to the disruption of the

protection function. In 2009 there were 12 incidents, followed by 29 incidents in 2010, and

27 incidents until November 2011. This disaster event occurred in several sub-districts,

namely Plaosan, Sidorejo, Poncol, and Panekan. Here it is suspected that there has been a

change in the designation of forest areas into built-up areas which resulted in landslides,

especially in Poncol District. Protected forests have an important role in preventing erosion

and landslides. Tree roots act as binders of soil particles. The presence of forests causes

rainwater not to fall directly to the ground, but first falls to the surface of the leaves or seeps

(Sudarwani & Ekaputra, 2017) also revealed that land cover change is not only

influenced by natural and man-made factors (such as proximity to human settlements,

convenient transportation, or supportive natural environments) but also influenced by

various constraints.

Constraint factors can be summarized into three main types according to the scope

of impact: local constraints, regional constraints, and global constraints. Local Constraints:

These refer to factors that affect or limit a particular region or area. Local constraints can

be associated with the physical, economic, social, political, or cultural environment of a

particular area. Examples of local constraints include lack of natural resources, lack of

infrastructure, social conflicts, or changes in government policy at the local level. Regional

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financial crises, global environmental damage, the widespread spread of pandemics, or

conflicts involving multiple countries. Global constraints affect many countries and human

populations as a whole (Yu, He, and Pan, 2010). In the same sense, land use change refers

to the change in function of part or all of the land area from the initial designation

protected forests into government buildings in Poncol District, Magetan Regency. This

contribution will influence the policies and actions taken. This decision will have an impact

on forest resources and the socio-economic lives of local communities living in previously

protected forest areas. In addition, each stakeholder also has their interests involved in this.

Policies regarding changes in the designation of functions and use of forest areas are

still a controversial debate. Several factors can cause this situation, including weak

regulatory tools, principles of preservation of environmental functions that have not been

implemented in policies, challenges in policy integration between sectors, regions, and

stakeholders, deviations or violations in the field, and potential abuse of authority by parties

involved in decision-making. Therefore, efforts are needed to overcome this through

decision-making processes regarding the change of designation and function of forest areas

into government buildings.

Research Methods

Qualitative research examines human events, phenomena, or experiences to answer

questions about why something happens, how it happens, and what causes it. The purpose

of qualitative research is to develop concepts, help researchers understand social

phenomena in natural (rather than artificial) settings, and emphasize the meaning,

experience, and views of all participants. Qualitative research also aims to: (1) find

theories, (2) improve concepts, (3) understand how people construct meaning in their lives

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Moleong (2000) defines that qualitative methods are qualitative methods as research

procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words of people

and observable behavior (Johan, 2021).

The variables used in the study of Changes in the Designation and Function of Forest

sampling technique used was snowball sampling. The snowball Sampling technique is one

of the developing sampling techniques. The snowball sampling technique has the

advantage of being able to find hidden or difficult-to-determine respondents and being able

to reveal specific things or taboos in the social world. Nevertheless, this technique still has

weaknesses in its implementation. The use of the snowball sampling technique requires

high independence in thinking and acting in the field, high creativity to be able to express

something as expected, patience-sensitivity-social skills and high empathy from

researchers, a friendly attitude, trustworthy attitude, and careful in interviewing

respondents, so they are willing to disclose the information needed by research.

Sample addition can be stopped if the data is saturated. From various informants,

reality that require interaction with participants. Grounded Theory is a research strategy in

which the researcher "produces" a general and abstract theory of a particular process,

action, or interaction derived from the views of participants. The in-depth nature of the

intensive interviews encourages each participant's interpretation of the experience. The

grounded theory method can complement other approaches to qualitative data analysis;

notes called memos on storytelling code help develop ideas (Robert and Brown, 2004).

Technical data analysis using Thematic content analysis, analysis has three stages,

namely pre-analysis, exploration, and interpretation. The first stage (pre-analysis) involves

the selection of documents to be analyzed to form hypotheses and research objectives as

well as developing indicators to strengthen the final interpretation. At this stage, a thorough

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methods is easier when dealing with multiple realities. Second, this method is more

sensitive and more adaptive to the many sharpening of mutual influences on the pattern of

values encountered (Johan, 2021).

From the above theories, it can be concluded that qualitative descriptive research uses

The validity of the data is done to prove whether the research conducted is scientific

research as well as to test the data obtained. Data validity tests in qualitative research

include credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability (Abdussamad & Sik,

2021).

For data in qualitative research to be accounted for as scientific research, it is

necessary to carry out data validity. One of the data validity tests that can be done in this

study is a credibility test or trust test of research data submitted by researchers so that the

results of the research carried out are undoubtedly scientific work being carried out.

Credibility tests can be done in various ways, including; a. extension of observation; B.

Improve accuracy in research; c. triangulation; d. negative case analysis; e. Using reference

southwest of Awasan Regency through Plaosan District. The center of government is in

Alastuwo Village. Poncol District has an area of 51.31 km². The area of Poncol District

consists of highlands and mountains with an altitude between 612 and 1,104 meters above

sea level. The total population in Poncol District is 31,487 people with a population density

of 613.78 people per km².

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Administrative capacity and time variables are very important to consider in the

analysis of changes in the designation and function of forest areas to understand the

dynamics, influences, and sustainability of land use and forest management in the long

term. Changes in government policies related to land use and forest management can affect

changes in the designation and function of forest areas. New policies or regulatory changes

can influence land conversion decisions and cause changes in the function of forest areas

within a certain period.

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Such issues often pose complex legal, administrative, and social challenges.

Adequate resolution requires a good understanding of applicable regulations and policies,

as well as taking into account the rights and interests involved, both in local communities

and in the context of environmental protection.

had also been cultivated by local communities for plantations and was no longer a forest

area, so the process of exchanging land with Perhutani was easier to do.

Pressure on interests and the need for land for the construction of sub-district offices

has encouraged changes in the designation and function of forest areas, rapid economic

development is an important factor in determining the need for new land outside forest

areas.

Practice of Procedures for Changing the Designation and Function of Forest Areas

into Building Government

The effectiveness of forest area change, designation, and function policies can be

interpreted as the ability of policies implemented to achieve the expected results in the

designation in forest areas with a forest area exchange mechanism including stages of

administrative requirements, field checks as well as legality and formalization.

Efficiency in policy evaluation is the ability to conduct assessments or measurements

more efficiently and effectively. This means maximizing the desired results by using the

available resources optimally. In the context of policy evaluation, efficiency means

identifying and adopting the most appropriate methods for measuring policy impacts and

outcomes while minimizing the cost, time, and effort required. Thus, a focus on efficiency

helps ensure the evaluation process runs smoother, and more accurately, and provides

maximum benefits for all parties involved.

Institutional legitimacy can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as history,

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strengthen the relationship between institutions and communities, thus enabling institutions

to carry out their duties effectively and obtain the necessary support for their sustainability

and long-term success. In the context of changes in the designation and function of forest

areas.

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Stages of the mechanism for changing the designation and function of forest areas by

juxtaposing the rules and those practiced by the community. Through research, gaps can

be found between land use change and those practiced in the community, including

administrative requirements no supporting data, legality, and formalization have not

in changing the designation and function of forest areas. The policy should include the

protection of ecosystems, biodiversity, and important functions of ecosystems, as well as

consider the socio-economic aspects of communities.