p–ISSN: 2723 – 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4741
Adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in Indonesian
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah1*, Adinda Tasya Kamila2, Faikh Kheni Angraeni3,
Fikriyanti Elfrianita Firmani4, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti5, Dian Sari Utami6
Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]1*, [email protected]2, [email protected]3,
[email protected]4, [email protected]5,
[email protected]6
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: resilience,
early adulthood, validity,
reliability.
Resilience refers to an individual's capacity to adapt and
recover from challenging situations. The Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale, originally developed by DeSimone et al.
(2016), assesses resilience across five protective factors:
adaptation, emotional regulation, optimism, self-efficacy,
and social support. This study aimed to adapt and validate
the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in an Indonesian context,
focusing on early adults aged 18-25. The research involved
a sample of 267 participants residing in Indonesia,
employing a systematic adaptation process, including
translation, back-translation, and cultural adjustment to
ensure relevance. Methodologically, the study used
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to validate the construct,
along with convergent validity testing using the General
Self-Efficacy Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale as
comparative measures. Reliability testing was conducted,
with results indicating that each dimension demonstrated
high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values
exceeding 0.7. Findings revealed a four-factor structure,
slightly differing from the original five-factor model, but
confirming strong psychometric properties. This adaptation
provides a validated resilience measurement tool for
Indonesian early adults, offering insights for both
researchers and practitioners in psychology. Future research
is recommended to apply this scale across broader
demographics to further confirm its robustness.
Introduction
Early adulthood is a form of self-adjustment related to various new things
encountered in life and new expectations for the survival of each individual. Early
adulthood is a transitional period in which individuals are faced with various conditions
ranging from accepting responsibility for various things, having a career, and becoming
a parent (Santrock, 2002). The various responsibilities that begin to be faced in early
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4741
Adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in Indonesian
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah1*, Adinda Tasya Kamila2, Faikh Kheni Angraeni3,
Fikriyanti Elfrianita Firmani4, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti5, Dian Sari Utami6
Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]1*, [email protected]2, [email protected]3,
[email protected]4, [email protected]5,
[email protected]6
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: resilience,
early adulthood, validity,
reliability.
Resilience refers to an individual's capacity to adapt and
recover from challenging situations. The Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale, originally developed by DeSimone et al.
(2016), assesses resilience across five protective factors:
adaptation, emotional regulation, optimism, self-efficacy,
and social support. This study aimed to adapt and validate
the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in an Indonesian context,
focusing on early adults aged 18-25. The research involved
a sample of 267 participants residing in Indonesia,
employing a systematic adaptation process, including
translation, back-translation, and cultural adjustment to
ensure relevance. Methodologically, the study used
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to validate the construct,
along with convergent validity testing using the General
Self-Efficacy Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale as
comparative measures. Reliability testing was conducted,
with results indicating that each dimension demonstrated
high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values
exceeding 0.7. Findings revealed a four-factor structure,
slightly differing from the original five-factor model, but
confirming strong psychometric properties. This adaptation
provides a validated resilience measurement tool for
Indonesian early adults, offering insights for both
researchers and practitioners in psychology. Future research
is recommended to apply this scale across broader
demographics to further confirm its robustness.
Introduction
Early adulthood is a form of self-adjustment related to various new things
encountered in life and new expectations for the survival of each individual. Early
adulthood is a transitional period in which individuals are faced with various conditions
ranging from accepting responsibility for various things, having a career, and becoming
a parent (Santrock, 2002). The various responsibilities that begin to be faced in early
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah, Adinda Tasya Kamila, Faikh Kheni Angraeni, Fikriyanti Elfrianita
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4742
adulthood can trigger psychological problems, such as stress. This is as explained by
Widodo (Manita, Mawarpury, Khairani, & Sari, 2020) Gratitude Decrease Stress among
Early Adults early adulthood is the most vulnerable period of development to experience
stress because in this period individuals are at the most productive point, tend to explore
something new, begin to get demands from others and the surrounding environment
which can have an impact on physical and mental fatigue.
Early adulthood is very susceptible to experiencing psychosocial problems such as
conflict. The heavier the burden of conflict felt by early adulthood, the greater the risk of
individuals in early adulthood experiencing stress. (Ekawati, Yusuf, & Santy, 2022). In
America, about 75% of adults experience stress in the severe category and this number
tends to increase every year. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, it reaches 14% of the total
population with a severe stress level of 1-3% (MAHARANI, 2024). In addition, a study
conducted by Manita et al. (2019) found that the majority, namely 62.19% of young
adults, experienced stress in the moderate category. So it can be known that early
adulthood is prone to experiencing stressful conditions.
In addition, in early adulthood, they often experience loneliness in carrying out life.
The Mental Health Foundation (2010) shows that individuals in early adulthood
experience more loneliness than individuals in late adulthood or the elderly. The data
found in the survey shows that individuals in the age category of 18-34 years experience
loneliness more than those aged 35-54 years and 55 years and above. Early adulthood is
considered a vulnerable time to experience loneliness because it is a transition period
from adolescence to adulthood. During this time, many early adult individuals are
relocating for the sake of education and also undergo life changes such as status.
Loneliness will have negative effects on individuals. In a study conducted by
Nicpon, et al. (2006) explained that early adults who experience loneliness will
experience a decrease in academic achievement and learning performance. Another study
conducted by (Al Khatib, 2012) Also explained that individuals in early adulthood who
feel lonely are more likely to experience depression, and suicidal thoughts, and engage in
self-destructive behaviors such as drugs or alcohol.
In addition, in early adulthood, individuals are also prone to experiencing a quarter-
life crisis. The opinion of Byock a therapist who conducts quarter-life counseling, shows
that the quarter-life crisis is a dilemmatic period in early adulthood where there is a
concern between reality and the desire to achieve a creative life with many options
available, a psychologist, also stated that individuals in early adulthood will be prone to
experiencing doubt, anxiety, stress, confusion, and anxiety about their life choices.
Research conducted by (Tanner, Arnett, & Leis, 2008) Shows that individuals in their 20s
experience higher levels of depression than individuals in other age groups, this is due to
relationship problems with others. The crisis experienced by individuals in their 20s is
largely due to coercion and pressure in their lives. The pressure that occurs is usually due
to the demands of parents to take steps for the future. Another challenge experienced by
early adult individuals is the complexity of going through a transition period full of doubts
and uncertainties, causing depression for early adults who are experiencing a crisis.
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4742
adulthood can trigger psychological problems, such as stress. This is as explained by
Widodo (Manita, Mawarpury, Khairani, & Sari, 2020) Gratitude Decrease Stress among
Early Adults early adulthood is the most vulnerable period of development to experience
stress because in this period individuals are at the most productive point, tend to explore
something new, begin to get demands from others and the surrounding environment
which can have an impact on physical and mental fatigue.
Early adulthood is very susceptible to experiencing psychosocial problems such as
conflict. The heavier the burden of conflict felt by early adulthood, the greater the risk of
individuals in early adulthood experiencing stress. (Ekawati, Yusuf, & Santy, 2022). In
America, about 75% of adults experience stress in the severe category and this number
tends to increase every year. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, it reaches 14% of the total
population with a severe stress level of 1-3% (MAHARANI, 2024). In addition, a study
conducted by Manita et al. (2019) found that the majority, namely 62.19% of young
adults, experienced stress in the moderate category. So it can be known that early
adulthood is prone to experiencing stressful conditions.
In addition, in early adulthood, they often experience loneliness in carrying out life.
The Mental Health Foundation (2010) shows that individuals in early adulthood
experience more loneliness than individuals in late adulthood or the elderly. The data
found in the survey shows that individuals in the age category of 18-34 years experience
loneliness more than those aged 35-54 years and 55 years and above. Early adulthood is
considered a vulnerable time to experience loneliness because it is a transition period
from adolescence to adulthood. During this time, many early adult individuals are
relocating for the sake of education and also undergo life changes such as status.
Loneliness will have negative effects on individuals. In a study conducted by
Nicpon, et al. (2006) explained that early adults who experience loneliness will
experience a decrease in academic achievement and learning performance. Another study
conducted by (Al Khatib, 2012) Also explained that individuals in early adulthood who
feel lonely are more likely to experience depression, and suicidal thoughts, and engage in
self-destructive behaviors such as drugs or alcohol.
In addition, in early adulthood, individuals are also prone to experiencing a quarter-
life crisis. The opinion of Byock a therapist who conducts quarter-life counseling, shows
that the quarter-life crisis is a dilemmatic period in early adulthood where there is a
concern between reality and the desire to achieve a creative life with many options
available, a psychologist, also stated that individuals in early adulthood will be prone to
experiencing doubt, anxiety, stress, confusion, and anxiety about their life choices.
Research conducted by (Tanner, Arnett, & Leis, 2008) Shows that individuals in their 20s
experience higher levels of depression than individuals in other age groups, this is due to
relationship problems with others. The crisis experienced by individuals in their 20s is
largely due to coercion and pressure in their lives. The pressure that occurs is usually due
to the demands of parents to take steps for the future. Another challenge experienced by
early adult individuals is the complexity of going through a transition period full of doubts
and uncertainties, causing depression for early adults who are experiencing a crisis.
Adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in Indonesian
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4743
One of the concepts that affect the handling of psychological problems such as
stress is resilience (Maharani & Panjaitan, 2019). Resilience leads to the ability of
individuals to bounce back from crises. Individuals who have resilience have better
functioning compared to previous circumstances when they were stressed. Holiday and
McPhearson (1997) also explained that individuals who have resilience in themselves
tend to be able to return to the conditions before they experience difficult conditions,
misery, or trauma, besides that individuals are also able to adapt to severe or difficult
conditions that they experience. Resilience is a protective factor, that can help individuals
in reducing or eliminating the impact of difficult conditions experienced by individuals.
Resilience is the ability of individuals to adapt to changes and unpleasant conditions
seen from individual protective factors, namely adaptability, emotional regulation,
optimism, self-efficacy, and social support received. (DeSimone, Harms, Vanhove, &
Herian, 2017). Resilience is considered the ability of individuals to bounce back from
crises. Resilience is the ability of individuals to "bounce back" or recover from real
difficulties or stressful conditions, as well as the ability to deal with stress and adversity.
Resilience in individuals is characterized by the ability to rise from negative and stressful
emotional conditions which in turn can show positive functions as empowered
individuals. (Dewi, 2023). So it can be understood that resilience refers to the ability of
an individual to rise from difficult conditions, negative emotional experiences, or
pressures felt in life which are further able to bring out positive functions.
There are several factors related to resilience in individuals, both internal and
external. Previous research in Indonesia found that resilience is related to emotional
regulation, self-efficacy self-forgiveness, forgiveness of others, and forgiveness of
situations. (Lestari & Huwae, 2023), self-compassion (Hatari & Setyawan, 2020), self-
esteem (Lete, Kusuma, & Rosdiana, 2019), and social support (Asih et al., 2019). These
factors have been empirically proven to be related to resilience in individuals. So when
understanding resilience in individuals, it is important to pay attention to factors from
within and outside the self.
Resilience can be seen from five protective factors, namely adaptation, emotional
regulation, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support (DeSimone et al., 2016) explained
as follows; Adaptation leads to the ability of individuals to succeed in coping with
changes in circumstances and new situations. Emotional regulation determines the ability
of individuals to control emotional reactions in certain situations that can direct
individuals not to let emotions influence inappropriate decision-making. Meanwhile,
optimism is the ability of individuals to see the positive side of a situation. Self-efficacy
relates to the individual's belief that they can overcome difficult situations and succeed in
getting through them. As well as social support leads to the ability to build supportive
relationships and feel comfortable interacting with each other.
The emergence of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone et al.
(2016) provides a new alternative to the contribution of resilience measuring tools. The
emergence of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale was previously carried out by developers
to improvise related to the representation of resilience constructs where developers
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4743
One of the concepts that affect the handling of psychological problems such as
stress is resilience (Maharani & Panjaitan, 2019). Resilience leads to the ability of
individuals to bounce back from crises. Individuals who have resilience have better
functioning compared to previous circumstances when they were stressed. Holiday and
McPhearson (1997) also explained that individuals who have resilience in themselves
tend to be able to return to the conditions before they experience difficult conditions,
misery, or trauma, besides that individuals are also able to adapt to severe or difficult
conditions that they experience. Resilience is a protective factor, that can help individuals
in reducing or eliminating the impact of difficult conditions experienced by individuals.
Resilience is the ability of individuals to adapt to changes and unpleasant conditions
seen from individual protective factors, namely adaptability, emotional regulation,
optimism, self-efficacy, and social support received. (DeSimone, Harms, Vanhove, &
Herian, 2017). Resilience is considered the ability of individuals to bounce back from
crises. Resilience is the ability of individuals to "bounce back" or recover from real
difficulties or stressful conditions, as well as the ability to deal with stress and adversity.
Resilience in individuals is characterized by the ability to rise from negative and stressful
emotional conditions which in turn can show positive functions as empowered
individuals. (Dewi, 2023). So it can be understood that resilience refers to the ability of
an individual to rise from difficult conditions, negative emotional experiences, or
pressures felt in life which are further able to bring out positive functions.
There are several factors related to resilience in individuals, both internal and
external. Previous research in Indonesia found that resilience is related to emotional
regulation, self-efficacy self-forgiveness, forgiveness of others, and forgiveness of
situations. (Lestari & Huwae, 2023), self-compassion (Hatari & Setyawan, 2020), self-
esteem (Lete, Kusuma, & Rosdiana, 2019), and social support (Asih et al., 2019). These
factors have been empirically proven to be related to resilience in individuals. So when
understanding resilience in individuals, it is important to pay attention to factors from
within and outside the self.
Resilience can be seen from five protective factors, namely adaptation, emotional
regulation, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support (DeSimone et al., 2016) explained
as follows; Adaptation leads to the ability of individuals to succeed in coping with
changes in circumstances and new situations. Emotional regulation determines the ability
of individuals to control emotional reactions in certain situations that can direct
individuals not to let emotions influence inappropriate decision-making. Meanwhile,
optimism is the ability of individuals to see the positive side of a situation. Self-efficacy
relates to the individual's belief that they can overcome difficult situations and succeed in
getting through them. As well as social support leads to the ability to build supportive
relationships and feel comfortable interacting with each other.
The emergence of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone et al.
(2016) provides a new alternative to the contribution of resilience measuring tools. The
emergence of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale was previously carried out by developers
to improvise related to the representation of resilience constructs where developers
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah, Adinda Tasya Kamila, Faikh Kheni Angraeni, Fikriyanti Elfrianita
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4744
consider that individual resilience abilities are not only influenced by internal but also
external factors. The results of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale test conducted by
DeSimone et al. (2016) also show a high level of internal consistency in reliability testing.
In addition, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale also has high external consistency in
convergent validity testing with other resilience measurement tools such as CD-RISC. In
addition, this measurement tool is one of the self-report resilience measurement briefs
that have short statements and are easy to score. The results of the construction of the
measuring tool carried out by the researcher also show that this measuring tool is a valid
and reliable measuring tool for measuring resilience.
Seeing that the phenomenon and role of resilience in the lives of individuals in early
adulthood are related, it is important to test resilience measures that have never been
adapted to the Indonesian version, especially for early adult subjects. The existence of the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is expected to be one of the resilience measurement tools
that can be used in the context of screening and research more effectively and efficiently.
Studying the results of previous research that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale
developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016) is one of the discoveries related to resilience
measurement tools where the measurement tool has several advantages, is one of the
reasons why it is important to conduct research related to this matter. This is because the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is a new measuring tool so it is still rare to be adapted into
a language version or tested on subjects in other countries, including Indonesia.
Therefore, in this study, the researcher is interested in carrying out adaptation and testing
on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in early adult subjects in Indonesia. In addition, the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has also never been tested on external validity, namely
convergence, and reliability in the measuring tool that has been adjusted to subjects in
Indonesia before.
The novelty of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale lies in its adaptation to the
Indonesian context, addressing a gap where no prior validation of this scale exists for
Indonesian subjects. This adaptation is significant because resilience, which encompasses
protective factors such as emotional regulation, optimism, and social support, plays a
crucial role in navigating challenges unique to Indonesian early adults, such as societal
pressures and the transitional stress of emerging adulthood. The relevance of this scale
for Indonesian subjects is emphasized by its cultural and linguistic adaptation, making it
suitable for accurately measuring resilience factors that may be expressed or valued
differently in Indonesia than in Western contexts. By focusing on early adults, the study
also addresses a critical developmental phase where individuals face heightened stressors,
such as career pressures, familial expectations, and societal demands, that impact their
mental health and adaptive capacities. In terms of its contribution to psychology in
Indonesia, this scale provides a validated tool for assessing resilience, a concept
increasingly recognized in mental health interventions. The scale's psychometric
reliability and validity open avenues for more localized research and can inform evidence-
based resilience-building programs, which are crucial for improving mental health
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4744
consider that individual resilience abilities are not only influenced by internal but also
external factors. The results of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale test conducted by
DeSimone et al. (2016) also show a high level of internal consistency in reliability testing.
In addition, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale also has high external consistency in
convergent validity testing with other resilience measurement tools such as CD-RISC. In
addition, this measurement tool is one of the self-report resilience measurement briefs
that have short statements and are easy to score. The results of the construction of the
measuring tool carried out by the researcher also show that this measuring tool is a valid
and reliable measuring tool for measuring resilience.
Seeing that the phenomenon and role of resilience in the lives of individuals in early
adulthood are related, it is important to test resilience measures that have never been
adapted to the Indonesian version, especially for early adult subjects. The existence of the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is expected to be one of the resilience measurement tools
that can be used in the context of screening and research more effectively and efficiently.
Studying the results of previous research that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale
developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016) is one of the discoveries related to resilience
measurement tools where the measurement tool has several advantages, is one of the
reasons why it is important to conduct research related to this matter. This is because the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is a new measuring tool so it is still rare to be adapted into
a language version or tested on subjects in other countries, including Indonesia.
Therefore, in this study, the researcher is interested in carrying out adaptation and testing
on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in early adult subjects in Indonesia. In addition, the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has also never been tested on external validity, namely
convergence, and reliability in the measuring tool that has been adjusted to subjects in
Indonesia before.
The novelty of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale lies in its adaptation to the
Indonesian context, addressing a gap where no prior validation of this scale exists for
Indonesian subjects. This adaptation is significant because resilience, which encompasses
protective factors such as emotional regulation, optimism, and social support, plays a
crucial role in navigating challenges unique to Indonesian early adults, such as societal
pressures and the transitional stress of emerging adulthood. The relevance of this scale
for Indonesian subjects is emphasized by its cultural and linguistic adaptation, making it
suitable for accurately measuring resilience factors that may be expressed or valued
differently in Indonesia than in Western contexts. By focusing on early adults, the study
also addresses a critical developmental phase where individuals face heightened stressors,
such as career pressures, familial expectations, and societal demands, that impact their
mental health and adaptive capacities. In terms of its contribution to psychology in
Indonesia, this scale provides a validated tool for assessing resilience, a concept
increasingly recognized in mental health interventions. The scale's psychometric
reliability and validity open avenues for more localized research and can inform evidence-
based resilience-building programs, which are crucial for improving mental health
Adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in Indonesian
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4745
services. This tool thus bridges a methodological gap and supports further psychological
research and intervention strategies tailored to the Indonesian cultural context.
Research and testing related to the adaptation of psychometric properties of the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is expected to provide benefits both theoretically and
practically. Theoretically, the research and testing of this measuring tool are expected to
provide new science and reference sources in the psychological field related to measuring
tools or resilience scales and can provide theoretical references related to the concept of
resilience from the perspective of other figures for future researchers who want to carry
out research or testing on similar topics. Meanwhile, practically the existence of this
research and testing is expected to be able to expand the science of psychology in the field
of psychometrics related to resilience measures and encourage further research to
continue to study measuring tools for different subjects and other measuring tools.
Method
The method used in this study involves an adaptation process to culturally tailor
the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale to Indonesian contexts. This process included
translating and back-translating the original scale to ensure alignment with Indonesian
cultural and linguistic nuances. The study selected early adult participants in Indonesia,
aiming to verify the scale’s relevance and accuracy.
Data collection was conducted through a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed
online via Google Forms, with a purposive sampling approach targeting individuals aged
18-25. The primary instrument, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale, was tested alongside
the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for convergent
validity.
Data analysis included scoring, followed by validity and reliability testing.
Construct validity was assessed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while
convergent validity was evaluated by correlating the main scale with comparative scales.
Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha to confirm internal consistency.
Preliminary tests, such as the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett’s Test,
confirmed data suitability for factor analysis, validating the scale’s psychometric
robustness for Indonesian early adults.
Results and Discussion
The respondents involved in this psychometric test were 267 subjects with an age
range of 18 - 25 years. The number of male participants was 61 and the females was 206.
It can be seen that the respondents in this study are dominated by women with a total of
206 respondents (77.2%), while men are 61 respondents (22.8%). Based on age, it is
known that 12 respondents (4.5%) are 18 years old, 6 respondents (2.2%) are 19 years
old, 23 respondents (8.6%) are 20 years old, 38 respondents (14.2%) are 21 years old, 93
respondents (34.8%) are 22 years old, 63 respondents (23.6%) are 23 years old, 14
respondents (5.2%) are 24 years old, and 18 respondents (6.7%) are 25 years old.
Normality Test Results
The normality test was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test of
Normality on the SPSS 25.0 for Mac computer program. The distribution is said to be
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4745
services. This tool thus bridges a methodological gap and supports further psychological
research and intervention strategies tailored to the Indonesian cultural context.
Research and testing related to the adaptation of psychometric properties of the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is expected to provide benefits both theoretically and
practically. Theoretically, the research and testing of this measuring tool are expected to
provide new science and reference sources in the psychological field related to measuring
tools or resilience scales and can provide theoretical references related to the concept of
resilience from the perspective of other figures for future researchers who want to carry
out research or testing on similar topics. Meanwhile, practically the existence of this
research and testing is expected to be able to expand the science of psychology in the field
of psychometrics related to resilience measures and encourage further research to
continue to study measuring tools for different subjects and other measuring tools.
Method
The method used in this study involves an adaptation process to culturally tailor
the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale to Indonesian contexts. This process included
translating and back-translating the original scale to ensure alignment with Indonesian
cultural and linguistic nuances. The study selected early adult participants in Indonesia,
aiming to verify the scale’s relevance and accuracy.
Data collection was conducted through a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed
online via Google Forms, with a purposive sampling approach targeting individuals aged
18-25. The primary instrument, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale, was tested alongside
the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for convergent
validity.
Data analysis included scoring, followed by validity and reliability testing.
Construct validity was assessed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while
convergent validity was evaluated by correlating the main scale with comparative scales.
Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha to confirm internal consistency.
Preliminary tests, such as the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett’s Test,
confirmed data suitability for factor analysis, validating the scale’s psychometric
robustness for Indonesian early adults.
Results and Discussion
The respondents involved in this psychometric test were 267 subjects with an age
range of 18 - 25 years. The number of male participants was 61 and the females was 206.
It can be seen that the respondents in this study are dominated by women with a total of
206 respondents (77.2%), while men are 61 respondents (22.8%). Based on age, it is
known that 12 respondents (4.5%) are 18 years old, 6 respondents (2.2%) are 19 years
old, 23 respondents (8.6%) are 20 years old, 38 respondents (14.2%) are 21 years old, 93
respondents (34.8%) are 22 years old, 63 respondents (23.6%) are 23 years old, 14
respondents (5.2%) are 24 years old, and 18 respondents (6.7%) are 25 years old.
Normality Test Results
The normality test was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test of
Normality on the SPSS 25.0 for Mac computer program. The distribution is said to be
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah, Adinda Tasya Kamila, Faikh Kheni Angraeni, Fikriyanti Elfrianita
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4746
normal if it is P>0.05, while if it is P<0.05 then the distribution is said to be abnormal.
Based on the results of the normality test, it can be seen that the significance value of
dimension 1 of resilience is 0.002, dimension 2 of resilience is 0.000, dimension 3 of
resilience is 0.009, dimension 4 of resilience is 0.000, self-efficacy variable is 0.000, and
self-esteem variable is 0.000. The results show a significance value below 0.05 which
means that the distribution of existing data is not distributed normally.
KMO and Bartlett's Test Results
The results of the KMO and Bartlett's Test tests carried out on the main scale,
namely the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in this study, obtained the following results:
Table 1
Uji KMO and Bartlett’s Test
In the assumption test, the result was obtained that the value of Bartlett's Test (Sig.)
on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale showed a figure of <0.001. The KMO-MSA
(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy) test showed a result of 0.868. This
means that the resilience variables tested are feasible for further factor analysis. Both
results meet the assumption requirements that have criteria, namely the Bartlett's Test
(Sig.) value < 0.05 and the KMO MSA value > 0.5. Furthermore, an Exploratory Factor
Analysis test was carried out on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale to determine the
grouping of items in the factors that appeared in the test carried out. Through the tests
carried out, the results of extraction and rotation factors were obtained as follows:
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Test Results
Based on the results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis test, it is known that the
results show that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has 4 factors composed of items on
the scale. These results are different from previous research related to the original
construct of
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016). The Five-by-
Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016) consists of 5 factors, namely
adaptability, emotion regulation, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support. The test
results obtained the total value of the variant described in the table showed 49% which
consisted of 4 factors where the first factor was 15.6%, the second factor was 12.79%,
the third factor was 11.9%, and the fourth factor was 8.74%. In addition, from the results
of the EFA test, the elaboration of the items in each factor is also obtained as follows.
Table 2
Results of Exploratory Factor Analysis Five-by-five Resilience Scale
Variable KMO Bartlett's Test (Sig.)
Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale
0.868 <0.001
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4746
normal if it is P>0.05, while if it is P<0.05 then the distribution is said to be abnormal.
Based on the results of the normality test, it can be seen that the significance value of
dimension 1 of resilience is 0.002, dimension 2 of resilience is 0.000, dimension 3 of
resilience is 0.009, dimension 4 of resilience is 0.000, self-efficacy variable is 0.000, and
self-esteem variable is 0.000. The results show a significance value below 0.05 which
means that the distribution of existing data is not distributed normally.
KMO and Bartlett's Test Results
The results of the KMO and Bartlett's Test tests carried out on the main scale,
namely the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in this study, obtained the following results:
Table 1
Uji KMO and Bartlett’s Test
In the assumption test, the result was obtained that the value of Bartlett's Test (Sig.)
on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale showed a figure of <0.001. The KMO-MSA
(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy) test showed a result of 0.868. This
means that the resilience variables tested are feasible for further factor analysis. Both
results meet the assumption requirements that have criteria, namely the Bartlett's Test
(Sig.) value < 0.05 and the KMO MSA value > 0.5. Furthermore, an Exploratory Factor
Analysis test was carried out on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale to determine the
grouping of items in the factors that appeared in the test carried out. Through the tests
carried out, the results of extraction and rotation factors were obtained as follows:
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Test Results
Based on the results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis test, it is known that the
results show that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has 4 factors composed of items on
the scale. These results are different from previous research related to the original
construct of
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016). The Five-by-
Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016) consists of 5 factors, namely
adaptability, emotion regulation, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support. The test
results obtained the total value of the variant described in the table showed 49% which
consisted of 4 factors where the first factor was 15.6%, the second factor was 12.79%,
the third factor was 11.9%, and the fourth factor was 8.74%. In addition, from the results
of the EFA test, the elaboration of the items in each factor is also obtained as follows.
Table 2
Results of Exploratory Factor Analysis Five-by-five Resilience Scale
Variable KMO Bartlett's Test (Sig.)
Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale
0.868 <0.001
Adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in Indonesian
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4747
Based on the results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis test, it is known that the
results show that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has 4 factors composed of items on
the scale. These results are different from previous research related to the original
construct of
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016). The Five-by-
Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016) consists of 5 factors, namely
adaptability, emotion regulation, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support. The test
results obtained the total value of the variant described in the table showed 49% which
consisted of 4 factors where the first factor was 15.6%, the second factor was 12.79%,
the third factor was 11.9%, and the fourth factor was 8.74%.
Item
Code
Factor
1 2 3 4
O2 0.767
O5 0.749
O1 0.611
SS5 0.529
O3 0.51
SS3 0.449
O4 0.448
SE3 0.433
SE1 0.799
SE2 0.758
SE5 0.614
SE4 0.505
ER4 0.687
ER1 0.627
ER5 0.448 0.611
ER2 0.501
ER3 0.439
SS1 0.799
SS4 0.600
A4 0.554
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4747
Based on the results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis test, it is known that the
results show that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has 4 factors composed of items on
the scale. These results are different from previous research related to the original
construct of
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016). The Five-by-
Five Resilience Scale developed by DeSimone, et al. (2016) consists of 5 factors, namely
adaptability, emotion regulation, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support. The test
results obtained the total value of the variant described in the table showed 49% which
consisted of 4 factors where the first factor was 15.6%, the second factor was 12.79%,
the third factor was 11.9%, and the fourth factor was 8.74%.
Item
Code
Factor
1 2 3 4
O2 0.767
O5 0.749
O1 0.611
SS5 0.529
O3 0.51
SS3 0.449
O4 0.448
SE3 0.433
SE1 0.799
SE2 0.758
SE5 0.614
SE4 0.505
ER4 0.687
ER1 0.627
ER5 0.448 0.611
ER2 0.501
ER3 0.439
SS1 0.799
SS4 0.600
A4 0.554
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah, Adinda Tasya Kamila, Faikh Kheni Angraeni, Fikriyanti Elfrianita
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4748
The results of the EFA test in this study show that there are 4 factors formed on the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale. The value of the loading factor limit used is 0.4 and
produces 5 items that do not come out of the value so that the 5 items are eliminated. The
first factor consists of 8 items in it, namely item numbers O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, SS3, SS5,
and SE3. The second factor consists of 4 items in it, namely item numbers SE1, SE2, SE4,
and SE5. The third factor consists of 5 items in it, namely item numbers ER1, ER2, ER3,
ER4, and ER5. Finally, the fourth factor consists of 3 items in it, namely item number
A4, SS1, and SS4.
Convergent Validity Results
To find out more evidence regarding the validity of convergence, the relationship
between the total score and the dimensions of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale with the
General Self-Efficacy Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was carried out with the
following results:
Table 3. Convergent Validity Results
Variable Sig. r
Dimension 1* Self Efficacy 0.00 0.412
Dimension 1 * Self Esteem 0.00 0.671
Dimension 2* Self Efficacy 0.00 0.694
Dimension 2* Self Esteem 0.00 0.506
Dimension 3 * Self Efficacy 0.00 0.324
3* Self-Esteem Dimension 0.00 0.431
4* Self Efficacy Dimension 0.00 0.552
4 Dimensions * Self Esteem 0.00 0.420
Based on the table, it is known that the four indicators of the Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale have a significant correlation relationship with self-efficacy and self-
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4748
The results of the EFA test in this study show that there are 4 factors formed on the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale. The value of the loading factor limit used is 0.4 and
produces 5 items that do not come out of the value so that the 5 items are eliminated. The
first factor consists of 8 items in it, namely item numbers O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, SS3, SS5,
and SE3. The second factor consists of 4 items in it, namely item numbers SE1, SE2, SE4,
and SE5. The third factor consists of 5 items in it, namely item numbers ER1, ER2, ER3,
ER4, and ER5. Finally, the fourth factor consists of 3 items in it, namely item number
A4, SS1, and SS4.
Convergent Validity Results
To find out more evidence regarding the validity of convergence, the relationship
between the total score and the dimensions of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale with the
General Self-Efficacy Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was carried out with the
following results:
Table 3. Convergent Validity Results
Variable Sig. r
Dimension 1* Self Efficacy 0.00 0.412
Dimension 1 * Self Esteem 0.00 0.671
Dimension 2* Self Efficacy 0.00 0.694
Dimension 2* Self Esteem 0.00 0.506
Dimension 3 * Self Efficacy 0.00 0.324
3* Self-Esteem Dimension 0.00 0.431
4* Self Efficacy Dimension 0.00 0.552
4 Dimensions * Self Esteem 0.00 0.420
Based on the table, it is known that the four indicators of the Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale have a significant correlation relationship with self-efficacy and self-
Adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in Indonesian
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4749
esteem (p < 0.05). The results of the convergence validity test also showed that there
was a positive relationship between the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale and self-
efficacy and self-esteem, the level of correlation was moderate (r= 0.26-0.5) to high
(r=0.51-0.75).
Reliability Test Results
Table 4
Reliability Test Results
Variable Number of items Sig.
Dimension 1 8 0.845
Dimension 2 4 0.814
Dimension 3 5 0.770
Dimension 4 3 0.742
Reliability testing was carried out on each of the Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale indicators. The results of the reliability test on the Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale were obtained with a value of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient above 0.5, wherein
dimension 1 was 0.845, dimension 2 was 0.814, dimension 3 was 0.770,
and dimension 4 was 0.742. This shows that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale as a
whole has high reliability.
This study tested the validity of the construct and reliability on the Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale which was adapted to the Indonesian version. Factor analysis was carried
out using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to adapt the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale
in the Indonesian version. Based on the results of EFA, it was found that the results were
in the form of 20 items that had significant results and consisted of four dimensions. These
results found differences from the original scale which showed that the items of the Five-
by-Five Resilience Scale were divided into five dimensions.
The optimism dimension assesses the individual's ability to see the positive side of
a situation or event, as well as being able to anticipate good things that will happen in the
future. In line with the theory of optimism and pessimism developed by Seligman
(Gilham et al., 2001), it is revealed that optimism and pessimism are related to how
individuals explain events in life. It is said that resilient individuals can survive difficult
circumstances because they have confidence in the future and see it more positively
(DeSimone et al., 2016).
The self-efficacy dimension is intended to assess the belief that a person can handle
difficult situations and also succeed in his or her efforts (DeSimone et al., 2016). Self-
efficacy in this case is a belief or belief about organizing, performing a task, and applying
a way to achieve certain goals. In addition, according to Bandura (Permana et al., 2016),
self-efficacy can be related to a person's belief in self-control on their motivations,
cognition, and affection in their social environment.
One factor that can affect resilience is the regulation of emotions (Reivich & Shatte,
2002). The dimension of emotion regulation is related to the assessment of how the ability
of the individual to maintain control and emotional reactions and not allow the emotions
they feel to influence them in making inappropriate decisions (DeSimone et al., 2017).
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4749
esteem (p < 0.05). The results of the convergence validity test also showed that there
was a positive relationship between the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale and self-
efficacy and self-esteem, the level of correlation was moderate (r= 0.26-0.5) to high
(r=0.51-0.75).
Reliability Test Results
Table 4
Reliability Test Results
Variable Number of items Sig.
Dimension 1 8 0.845
Dimension 2 4 0.814
Dimension 3 5 0.770
Dimension 4 3 0.742
Reliability testing was carried out on each of the Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale indicators. The results of the reliability test on the Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale were obtained with a value of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient above 0.5, wherein
dimension 1 was 0.845, dimension 2 was 0.814, dimension 3 was 0.770,
and dimension 4 was 0.742. This shows that the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale as a
whole has high reliability.
This study tested the validity of the construct and reliability on the Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale which was adapted to the Indonesian version. Factor analysis was carried
out using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to adapt the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale
in the Indonesian version. Based on the results of EFA, it was found that the results were
in the form of 20 items that had significant results and consisted of four dimensions. These
results found differences from the original scale which showed that the items of the Five-
by-Five Resilience Scale were divided into five dimensions.
The optimism dimension assesses the individual's ability to see the positive side of
a situation or event, as well as being able to anticipate good things that will happen in the
future. In line with the theory of optimism and pessimism developed by Seligman
(Gilham et al., 2001), it is revealed that optimism and pessimism are related to how
individuals explain events in life. It is said that resilient individuals can survive difficult
circumstances because they have confidence in the future and see it more positively
(DeSimone et al., 2016).
The self-efficacy dimension is intended to assess the belief that a person can handle
difficult situations and also succeed in his or her efforts (DeSimone et al., 2016). Self-
efficacy in this case is a belief or belief about organizing, performing a task, and applying
a way to achieve certain goals. In addition, according to Bandura (Permana et al., 2016),
self-efficacy can be related to a person's belief in self-control on their motivations,
cognition, and affection in their social environment.
One factor that can affect resilience is the regulation of emotions (Reivich & Shatte,
2002). The dimension of emotion regulation is related to the assessment of how the ability
of the individual to maintain control and emotional reactions and not allow the emotions
they feel to influence them in making inappropriate decisions (DeSimone et al., 2017).
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah, Adinda Tasya Kamila, Faikh Kheni Angraeni, Fikriyanti Elfrianita
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4750
This is to the theory of emotion regulation proposed by Gross and John (Surzykiewicz,
2022) stating that emotion regulation is related to activities that direct individuals to
monitor, evaluate, and modify the nature or direction of the emotional response shown.
Adaptation capacity is influential in building resilience. The adaptation dimension
refers to the assessment of a person's ability to succeed in adapting to changes in
circumstances and new situations. According to KBBI, adaptation means adjustment to
the environment, work, and lessons (Pamungkas & Arsandrie, 2020).
The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) found that 5 items were lost,
namely items 1, 2, 3, 5, and 22. This is based on items that have a p-value < 0.4. Then the
final result of the factor grouping, it was found that the five dimensions that originally
existed in the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale have been reduced to four dimensions.
Then to find out further psychometric evidence, a convergent validity test was
carried out by connecting each dimension on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale with the
General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Based on the results
of the analysis, a significant correlation was obtained in each dimension of the Five-by-
Five Resilience Scale with self-efficacy and self-esteem p = 0.00 (p < 0.05). It is known
that there is a positive relationship between the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale dimension
and self-efficacy and self-esteem. These results reinforce preliminary evidence of
psychometric scale validity.
This is strengthened by research by (Sulistyorini, 2018)vAnggraini, et al (2017)
where there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and resilience
to face exams in students, the higher the level of self-efficacy that students have, the
higher the resilience to face exams owned by the students concerned. Resilience also has
a relationship with self-esteem, as research conducted by (Savitri, Hurriyati, Wibowo, &
Hendrayati, 2022) Shows that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and
resilience in women victims of toxic relationships. So it can be said that the higher the
level of self-esteem of a person, the higher the resilience. The above indicators show that
the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale, which is an adaptation of the Indonesian language, has
good construct validity.
The reliability value in the adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in the
Indonesian version is 0.887, which means that the reliability value is acceptable. The
reliability coefficient value of each dimension also meets the standard, which is above
0.61 so each dimension has a good coefficient value in measuring their respective
dimensions. This is based on the theory put forward by Thorndike (1989) that a reliability
value between 0.61 to 0.80 can be said to be acceptable. So that the consistency of the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is declared good and can be reused with consistent value
results. Therefore, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale measurement tool is stated to apply
to the culture of the Indonesian people and can be used with different languages according
to the subject used. Through the existing analysis, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has
convergent validity and fairly good reliability. Thus, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale
can be used as a measurement tool to measure resilience but requires further analysis with
a more diverse sample.
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4750
This is to the theory of emotion regulation proposed by Gross and John (Surzykiewicz,
2022) stating that emotion regulation is related to activities that direct individuals to
monitor, evaluate, and modify the nature or direction of the emotional response shown.
Adaptation capacity is influential in building resilience. The adaptation dimension
refers to the assessment of a person's ability to succeed in adapting to changes in
circumstances and new situations. According to KBBI, adaptation means adjustment to
the environment, work, and lessons (Pamungkas & Arsandrie, 2020).
The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) found that 5 items were lost,
namely items 1, 2, 3, 5, and 22. This is based on items that have a p-value < 0.4. Then the
final result of the factor grouping, it was found that the five dimensions that originally
existed in the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale have been reduced to four dimensions.
Then to find out further psychometric evidence, a convergent validity test was
carried out by connecting each dimension on the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale with the
General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Based on the results
of the analysis, a significant correlation was obtained in each dimension of the Five-by-
Five Resilience Scale with self-efficacy and self-esteem p = 0.00 (p < 0.05). It is known
that there is a positive relationship between the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale dimension
and self-efficacy and self-esteem. These results reinforce preliminary evidence of
psychometric scale validity.
This is strengthened by research by (Sulistyorini, 2018)vAnggraini, et al (2017)
where there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and resilience
to face exams in students, the higher the level of self-efficacy that students have, the
higher the resilience to face exams owned by the students concerned. Resilience also has
a relationship with self-esteem, as research conducted by (Savitri, Hurriyati, Wibowo, &
Hendrayati, 2022) Shows that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and
resilience in women victims of toxic relationships. So it can be said that the higher the
level of self-esteem of a person, the higher the resilience. The above indicators show that
the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale, which is an adaptation of the Indonesian language, has
good construct validity.
The reliability value in the adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in the
Indonesian version is 0.887, which means that the reliability value is acceptable. The
reliability coefficient value of each dimension also meets the standard, which is above
0.61 so each dimension has a good coefficient value in measuring their respective
dimensions. This is based on the theory put forward by Thorndike (1989) that a reliability
value between 0.61 to 0.80 can be said to be acceptable. So that the consistency of the
Five-by-Five Resilience Scale is declared good and can be reused with consistent value
results. Therefore, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale measurement tool is stated to apply
to the culture of the Indonesian people and can be used with different languages according
to the subject used. Through the existing analysis, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale has
convergent validity and fairly good reliability. Thus, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale
can be used as a measurement tool to measure resilience but requires further analysis with
a more diverse sample.
Adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in Indonesian
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4751
Conclusion
The adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale into Indonesian in this study
found different results from the original scale. This study found 20 items that are divided
into four dimensions that form resilience. The results of the analysis showed quite good
psychometric findings with good reliability values. Overall, based on the results of the
validity and reliability test, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale can be used to explore
resilience in the population of subjects who use Indonesian. The Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale resilience tool has a fairly good validity and reliability value, but the limitations of
the scope of the subjects who are participants in this study can be considered by future
researchers. The adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in the Indonesian
version can be redeveloped for the middle and late adult age ranges as well as specific to
certain characteristics. In addition, for the next researcher, it is recommended to conduct
a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) test to see the quality of the Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale instrument.
This research has several practical applications. Mental health practitioners, such
as counselors and psychologists, can use the adapted scale as a diagnostic tool to assess
resilience levels in young adults facing common stressors related to career, family, and
societal pressures. Additionally, this scale can be integrated into resilience-building
programs in educational and workplace settings, providing a culturally relevant tool to
monitor progress and outcomes. The scale’s validated structure enables targeted
interventions that address specific resilience factors, ultimately supporting the mental
health and well-being of individuals in Indonesia. Future researchers are encouraged to
apply this tool to broader populations and explore its adaptability across various
demographics for even more comprehensive applications.
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4751
Conclusion
The adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale into Indonesian in this study
found different results from the original scale. This study found 20 items that are divided
into four dimensions that form resilience. The results of the analysis showed quite good
psychometric findings with good reliability values. Overall, based on the results of the
validity and reliability test, the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale can be used to explore
resilience in the population of subjects who use Indonesian. The Five-by-Five Resilience
Scale resilience tool has a fairly good validity and reliability value, but the limitations of
the scope of the subjects who are participants in this study can be considered by future
researchers. The adaptation of the Five-by-Five Resilience Scale in the Indonesian
version can be redeveloped for the middle and late adult age ranges as well as specific to
certain characteristics. In addition, for the next researcher, it is recommended to conduct
a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) test to see the quality of the Five-by-Five
Resilience Scale instrument.
This research has several practical applications. Mental health practitioners, such
as counselors and psychologists, can use the adapted scale as a diagnostic tool to assess
resilience levels in young adults facing common stressors related to career, family, and
societal pressures. Additionally, this scale can be integrated into resilience-building
programs in educational and workplace settings, providing a culturally relevant tool to
monitor progress and outcomes. The scale’s validated structure enables targeted
interventions that address specific resilience factors, ultimately supporting the mental
health and well-being of individuals in Indonesia. Future researchers are encouraged to
apply this tool to broader populations and explore its adaptability across various
demographics for even more comprehensive applications.
Syafira Ainnur Rahmah, Adinda Tasya Kamila, Faikh Kheni Angraeni, Fikriyanti Elfrianita
Firmani, Jihan Salsabila Ramadhayanti, Dian Sari Utami
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 4752
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