p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Doi : 10.59141/jist.v4i8.679 1016

ROAD PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

(CASE STUDY: JL. KAKIALY AMBON CITY)

Selly Metekohy

, Juliet G. Metekohy

Ambon State Polytechnic, Indonesia

, Pattimura University Ambon, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

, [email protected]

*Correspondence

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Accepted

: 08-08-2023

Revised

: 12-08-2023

Approved

: 13-08-2023

The number of residents in Ambon City every year has increased,

therefore the number of increases in vehicle volume is directly

proportional to the number of population growth, and in line with the

increasing problem of traffic congestion. One of the traffic jams that

occur in Ambon City is on the Kakialy road, which is caused by side

obstacles due to unattended vehicle parking on the road, especially

during rush hour or peak hours (during school and after school or

commuting and returning from work). The existence of community

facilities such as shops, fast food areas, hotels, and residential areas is

also one of the triggers for road body parking which causes congestion

on the Kakialy road section. Therefore, this study was conducted to

find out how the performance of the Kakialy road section during peak

and normal hours. The method used is a descriptive survey that uses

data collection techniques in the form of observation and

documentation studies for the calculation of capacity and speed on

urban roads using the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI)

method. The results of data analysis show that the capacity of peak

hours at 12.00-13.00 WIT) is 18,721 junior high school/hour and

normal hours at 16.00-17.00 WIT is 15,037.8 junior high school/hour,

with a vehicle density value (DS) at peak hours of 0.59. The average

side resistance data in peak hours has a weighted frequency of 366.6

SMP/hour so it belongs to the medium side resistance class (M), and

the average side resistance in normal hours has a weighted frequency of

148.7 SMP/hour, including the low side resistance class (L). So that

after going through the calculation analysis process, it is concluded that

the vehicle density value (DS) at peak hours (12.00 – 13.00 WIT) is

0.59 and is categorized in Level Of Service (LOS) C which means

medium performance. While the vehicle density value (DS) during

normal hours (16.00 – 17.00 WIT) is 0.45 and is categorized in Level

Of Service (LOS) B which means good performance.

Keywords: Road Performance;

peak hours; Normal Hours.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Introduction

Highways are an important factor for the development of human life because the

development of roads and the development of human life influence each other. The

development of a city is a result of economic growth (Wahl, 2017). This progress is

considered very good but compared directly to the increase in the number of vehicles,

so there will often be an increase in the use of transportation facilities, both private and

public vehicles. If not followed by a balance between road capacity and the number of

vehicles, it will cause congestion. This has an impact on the travel time of each vehicle

will be even greater.

Phubbing By Gen-Z And Gen-Y: Exploring Smartphone Usage And Its Implications On

Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1017

The number of residents in Ambon City has increased every year, therefore the

rate of increase in vehicle volume has increased, resulting in the emergence of traffic

congestion problems (Tang, Oanh, Rene, & Binh, 2020). Traffic congestion is caused

by an imbalance between increased vehicle ownership and the growth of available road

infrastructure, and the effective capacity of existing road sections is less than the

planned road capacity due to roadside obstructions (Hidayat, Kristin, & Anggraini,

2019). Several roads in Ambon City often have traffic jams, including the Kakialy Road

(Daraba, Cahaya, Guntur, Aslinda, & Akib, 2018). The congestion that occurs on the

Kakialy Road section is caused by side obstacles. Side obstacles that often occur on the

Kakialy Road section are pedestrians, stopped vehicles, vehicles entering/exiting the

side of the road, and slow vehicles. The influence of side obstacles that occur on the

Kakialy Road Section of Ambon City during peak hours (during school leaving and

leaving hours or commuting and returning from work), as well as the existence of office

and school facilities that cause traffic problems such as parking vehicles and stopping

on the road body on the Kakialy Road Section. Vehicles that park on this road body

cause road capacity to change so that road performance also changes, this causes a

decrease in the speed of traffic vehicles and causes congestion problems (Noor, Ashrafi,

Fattah, Morshed, & Rahman, 2021).

This study was conducted to obtain differences in the value of traffic capacity and

speed during peak hours (peak hours) and normal hours (Wang et al., 2016). The

Kakialy Road section is declared to meet the requirements required by the 1997

Indonesian Road Capacity Manual if a saturation degree value of < 0.75 is obtained, but

if the saturation degree value is > 0.75, further evaluation needs to be carried out for the

sake of improving traffic on the road section (Zanuardi & Suprayitno, 2018). This study

was conducted to identify traffic characteristics and the situation of road facilities on the

Kakialy Road Section, as well as to find out how much the performance value of the

Kakialy Road Section.

Transportation

Transport comes from the Latin word transport, where trans means across or the

other side, and portable means to transport or carry.

The definition of transportation according to (Nico Djajasinga, 2020) is moving or

transporting from one place to another. (Nico Djajasinga, 2020), the definition of

transportation is the movement of goods or passengers from one location to another,

with products being moved or moved to the required or desired location. Steenbrink

defined it as the movement of people or goods using vehicles or other, geographically

separated places (Mulyanto, 2019). According to (Siagian, Adisasmita, & Hustim,

2019), transportation is defined as a system consisting of certain facilities along with

flows and control systems that allow people or goods to move from one place to another

efficiently at any time to support human activities.

Understanding Traffic Flow

Selly Metekohy, Juliet G. Metekohy

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1018

Traffic flow is formed from the movement of individual motorists and motorists

who interact with one another on one road section and

Environment. Traffic flow on a road section will vary in characteristics both based

on location and time. In addition, driver behavior also affects traffic flow behavior. The

driver on a road section designed with a certain speed for example 80 km / h is possible

that the driver will have a speed that varies from 30 km/ h to 120 km/ h.

In describing traffic flow quantitatively to understand the diversity of its

characteristics and the range of conditions of its behavior. Traffic flow parameters can

be distinguished into two main parts, namely macroscopic parameters of traffic flow in

general and macroscopic parameters that show the behavior of individual vehicles in a

traffic flow related to one another. A macroscopic traffic flow can be described by three

main parameters: volume and flow, speed, and density.

Understanding Road Capacity

Capacity in the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual is defined as the maximum

current passing through a point on a freeway that can be maintained within hours under

prevailing conditions. For undivided freeways, capacity is the two-way maximum

current (combination of both directions), for divided freeways capacity is the maximum

flow of lanes.

When the flow is low, the speed of free vehicle traffic is no interference from

other vehicles, the more vehicles that pass the road section, the speed will decrease until

one day the flow/volume of traffic can no longer increase, this is where capacity occurs.

After that the current will decrease continuously under the condition of the forced

current until one day the condition is completely jammed, the current does not move

and the density is high.

The research benefits from the results of the study on traffic analysis of the

capacity of the Ambon City Kakialy Road section are:

1. This research is expected to be used as further research in the field of land

transportation and add knowledge to readers.

2. This research provides additional knowledge for the author by looking at the

circumstances and conditions that occur so that it can broaden the author's horizons

in applying the knowledge gained in college.

3. This research is expected to provide input for the Ambon City Public Works Office

(PUPR) and the Ambon City Transportation Office.

Method

Types of Research

This research is a descriptive survey that uses data collection techniques in the

form of observation and documentation studies.

Time and Location of Research

This research will be carried out on Jln. Kakialy, Sirimau District, Ambon City,

Maluku Province. The research was conducted on February 10 – March 7, 2020.

Phubbing By Gen-Z And Gen-Y: Exploring Smartphone Usage And Its Implications On

Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1019

Research Variables

Variables are research objects that are of concern at a point of research objects.

Which will later get value from the conclusion of a process (Suharsimi Arikunto).

Primary Data

Primary Data, which is data obtained directly from the field. Here is the primary

data obtained from observations on Jln. Kakialy is an analysis of traffic volume,

capacity, degree of saturation, and side obstacles, the results of which will be obtained at

the time of research.

The primary data obtained from the field include:

1. Road geometrics

Location: Jalan Kakialy located in Sirimau District, Ambon City Source: on-site

survey.

Function: is one of the main characteristics of the road that will affect the capacity

and performance of the road if it is overloaded with traffic.

2. Traffic volume data

Lokasi: Ruas Jalan. Kakialy yang berada di Kecamatan Sirimau, Kota Ambon

Sumber: Survei langsung di lokasi

Fungsi : - Mengetahui volume lalu lintas.

- Mengetahui komposisi lalu lintas.

3. Side obstacles

Location: Road. Kakialy is located in Sirimau District, Ambon City Source: Direct

survey at the location

Function: Know activities beside road segments that cause problems along the way

Data Analysis

To achieve the objectives of this study, the analysis conducted on Jalan Kakialy is

the road capacity and average speed using the 1997 MKJI method, for urban roads.

Results and Discussion

1. Overview

Jalan Kakialy is one of the roads that is densely traversed by many types of

vehicles, it is because on this road there are two directions of traffic flow from Rijali

road that enters Kakialy road.

On this section of the road, there are several commercial businesses, settlements,

two (2) schools, hotels, and residential areas. These activities greatly affect the smooth

running of road transportation, due to vehicles entering and exiting the road body,

vehicle parking, and public transportation that unload or raise passengers along the road,

Selly Metekohy, Juliet G. Metekohy

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1020

pedestrians walking or crossing along road segments, and slow-moving vehicles such as

bicycles, tricycles, and carts.

2. Segment Identification

The purpose of segment identification is to find out the general data of the

analyzed Kakialy road segments such as segment length, and road class.

Table 1

Identify Footwalk Segments

Description

Information

City

City size

Regional

type

Segment length

Street class

The period of analysis

Ambon

Small

Office

216 Metre

Secondary collector

Peak hours and normal hours

From the table above, it is shown that Ambon City is the capital of Maluku

Province which has a land area of 359.45 km2 and an ocean area of 17.55 km2. Jalan

Kakialy is a commercial area because around this street there are offices, shops, and

settlements.

3. Geometric Data

Road Geometric Data is data about the geometric condition of the segment under

study and represents the characteristics of the road segment. Geometric conditions

consist of a situation plan (land use, road markings, and intersections), and a cross-

section of the road (width of the road and width of shoulders or curb).

Based on the results of measurements and direct visual observations in the field, it

was obtained that the width of the Kakialy road was 8 meters, and the width of the road

curb ≤ 0.5 meters without a road median. Jalan Kakialy is a secondary collector road.

Table 2

Geometric Conditions of Pedestrian Segments

Location

Observation

Building

Main

Brand

Road

Traffic lane width

Shoulder

Width

Median Width

(m)

School

Shopping

Office

Settlement

Availab

Source: Research Results

Phubbing By Gen-Z And Gen-Y: Exploring Smartphone Usage And Its Implications On

Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1021

The traffic volume survey was conducted for 1 month on February 10 – March 7,

2023, for 11 hours, namely 07.00 – 18.00 WIT. The data is then grouped into vulnerable

times every 15 minutes for each vehicle. Vehicles are divided into several categories,

namely:

1. Motorcycle (Motorcycle - MC): Motorcycle/scooter

2. Light Vehicles (LV): Passenger Cars, Pick Up, Sedans, and Motor Vehicles with a

distance between axles 2 - 3 meters.

3. Heavy Vehicles (HV): Micro Buses (L-300 etc.), Buses, 2 Axle Trucks, 3 Axle

Trucks, and motor vehicles over 4 wheels.

4. Side Resistance Analysis

The data taken in this side obstacle survey are vehicles that stop and park on the

body of the road, pedestrians (who parallel and cross the road), vehicles entering and

exiting the road, and slow vehicles. After obtaining data from the next study multiplied

by each side obstacle weight factor (parking vehicles = 1 slow vehicle = 0.4, pedestrians

= 0.5, and outbound + inbound vehicles = 0.7), the total results of side obstacles can be

seen in Table 3.

Table 3

Determination of the frequency of peak hour side resistance events in one

month

Event Type Bottleneck

Side

Weight

Factor

Frequency

Event

Frequenc

Weight

Pedestrian

0,5

8632

4316

Vehicle parking and stopping

3032

Vehicle in + exit

0,7

1169

818,3

Slow vehicles

0,4

1578

631,2

Total

8797,5

Source: Research Results

Table 4

Determination of the frequency of normal hour side resistance events in one

month

Side Obstacle Event

Type

Weight

Factor

Frequenc

y of

Occurren

Weight

Frequen

Pedestrian

0,5

1677

838,5

Vehicle parking and stopping

1562

Vehicle in + exit

0,7

983

688,1

Selly Metekohy, Juliet G. Metekohy

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1022

Slow vehicles

0,4

1198

479,2

Total

3567,8

After analyzing the side obstacles above, the peak hour side resistance data in one

month has a weighted frequency of 366.6 junior high school/hour, including medium

side resistance class (M), and normal hour side resistance in one month has a weighted

frequency of 148.7 junior high school/hour, including low side resistance class (L).

5. Free Current Speed Analysis

Free Current Speed (FV) is defined as the speed at the zero current level, that is,

the speed that the driver chooses if driving a motor vehicle without being affected by

other motor vehicles on the road (Mufhidin & Chaniago, 2023).

In the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI 1997) the basic free current

speed of light vehicles is selected as the basic criterion for the performance of road

segments at currents equal to zero.

6. Road Capacity Calculation

C = C

× FC

1. Peak clock time

So that: C = 1650 × 1,08 × 1,00 × 0,86 × 0,86 = 1317,967 SMP/HOUR

Total peak hour capacity of one month = peak hour capacity (junior high

school/hour) × 24 (duration of study). For the calculation is

Total

= 1317,957 × 24 =

31631,208 SMP/HOUR

2. Normal clock time

So that: C = 1650 × 1,08 × 1,00 × 0,90 × 0,86 = 1379,268 SMP/HOUR

Total peak hour capacity of one month = peak hour capacity (junior high / hour) ×

24 (duration of study). The calculation is

Total = 1379,268 × 24 = 33102,432

SMP/HOUR.

The calculation of road capacity above when tabled can be seen as follows:

Table 5

Calculation of road capacity for one month

Source: Research Results

7. Saturation Degree Analysis

Saturation degree is the ratio of traffic flow (junior high school/hour) to capacity

(junior high school/hour) on a certain section of road, where DS is used n for parameters

Time

Adjustment Factor

TOTAL

Peak Hours

1650

1,08

1,0

0,86

1317,967

31631,208

Regular Hours

1650

1,08

1,0

0,90

0,86

1379,268

33102,432

Phubbing By Gen-Z And Gen-Y: Exploring Smartphone Usage And Its Implications On

Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1023

to determine the level of road service. The saturation degree value indicates whether a

road section has a capacity problem or not.

8. Average Speed Analysis

Speed in traffic conditions, side obstacles, and actual geometric conditions is

obtained using the speed graph as a function of DS for the following multi-lane and

one-way roads:

1. the average speed of peak hours and normal hours of light vehicles, heavy vehicles,

and motorcycles,

Figure 1

Speed as a Function of DS for Multi-Lane and One-Way Roads in MC, LV, and

HV vehicle types

Table 6

Average Speed Calculation of peak hours and normal hours of light vehicles,

heavy vehicles, and motorcycles

Vehicle Type

Time

(SMP/jam)

Average

Volume

Peak Hours

18041,8

0,59

Regular Hours

15717

0,45

1. Level Of Service (LOS) Walking Sectional

The Simpang service level (LOS) is used as a standard to measure the quality of

other traffic conditions, and the volume of service must be less than the capacity of the

road itself (Lubis, 2021). Based on the analysis data above, it is known that the DS

Selly Metekohy, Juliet G. Metekohy

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1024

value during the Peak Hour is 0.59 which means it is included in the category of

density of medium conditions or at level C. While the DS value in Normal Hours is

0.45 which is included in the category of density in good conditions or level B.

For this reason, Jalan Kakialy has a saturation degree value of < 0.75, based on

the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual recommends that if a saturation degree

value of > 0.75 is obtained, it is necessary to make improvements to the road section

both physically and traffic management. This means that Jalan Kakialy still meets the

requirements, and there is no need for repairs and/or traffic improvement (Li, Zhang, &

Zhao, 2017).

Conclusion

Based on the results of research and analysis in this final project, it can be

concluded as follows:

The performance value on the Jalan Kakialy section of Ambon City measured

based on the Level Of Service during peak hours is at level C with a vehicle density

value of 0.59. While the Performance Value in normal hours is still at level B with a

vehicle density value of 0.45.

Phubbing By Gen-Z And Gen-Y: Exploring Smartphone Usage And Its Implications On

Interpersonal Communication In The Workplace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1025

Bibliography

Daraba, Dahyar, Cahaya, Andi, Guntur, Muhammad, Aslinda, Aslinda, & Akib, Haedar.

(2018). Strategy of governance in transportation policy implementation: Case

study of bus rapid transit (BRT) program in Makassar City. Academy of Strategic

Management Journal, 17(3).

Hidayat, Aditya Mahatidanar, Kristin, Tiara Noviri, & Anggraini, Dian. (2019).

Analysis of Continuous Traffic Flow of Commercial Zones.

Li, Zhenlong, Zhang, Qingzhou, & Zhao, Xiaohua. (2017). Performance analysis of K-

nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and artificial neural network classifiers

for driver drowsiness detection with different road geometries. International

Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 13(9), 1550147717733391.

Lubis, Kamaluddin. (2021). Evaluation of Dimensions and Drainage Performance

Office in the Aceh Tamiang Area Kuala Simpang. Britain International of Exact

Sciences (BIoEx) Journal, 3(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v3i1.355

Mufhidin, Amar, & Chaniago, Nur Aflah Dzakwaniah. (2023). Performance Analysis

Of Unsignalized Intersections And Road Sections Using Vissim Software. Jurnal

Pensil: Pendidikan Teknik Sipil, 12(2), 160–177.

https://doi.org/10.21009/jpensil.v12i2.34770

Mulyanto, David Eko. (2019). Pemeliharaan Rutin, Kondisi Jalan Dan Biaya

Pemeliharaan Jalan Pada Satuan Kerja Pelaksanaan Jalan Nasional Wilayah 1

Jawa Timur. Untag 1945 Surabaya.

Nico Djajasinga, Nico Djajasinga. (2020). Operations Management for Improve Traffic

Performance in Bandung City with DMAIC Six Sigma Method. Operations

Management for Improve Traffic Performance in Bandung City with DMAIC Six

Sigma Method, 57(9), 1088–1095.

Noor, Md Asaduzzaman, Ashrafi, Sultana, Fattah, Md Abdul, Morshed, Syed Riad, &

Rahman, Saima. (2021). Assessment of traffic congestion scenario at the CBD

areas in a developing city: In the context of Khulna City, Bangladesh.

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 11, 100435.

Siagian, Ferdinand, Adisasmita, Sakti Adji, & Hustim, Muralia. (2019). Study on Travel

Mode Demand of Freight Transportation on The Road Segmen of Jayapura–

Selly Metekohy, Juliet G. Metekohy

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 1026

Elelim–Wamena. International Journal On Smart Material And Mechatronics,

6(1).

Tang, Van Tai, Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim, Rene, Eldon R., & Binh, Tran Ngoc. (2020).

Analysis of roadside air pollutant concentrations and potential health risk of

exposure in Hanoi, Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part

A, 55(8), 975–988. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2020.1763091

Wahl, Fabian. (2017). Does European development have Roman roots? Evidence from

the German limes. Journal of Economic Growth, 22(3), 313–349.

Wang, Xuesong, Fan, Tianxiang, Li, Weinan, Yu, Rongjie, Bullock, Darcy, Wu, Bing,

& Tremont, Paul. (2016). Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on

urban arterials in Shanghai. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging

Technologies, 67, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.02.005

Zanuardi, Arvian, & Suprayitno, Hitapriya. (2018). Analisa karakteristik kecelakaan

lalu lintas di jalan ahmad yani surabaya melalui pendekatan knowledge discovery

in database. Jurnal Manajemen Aset Infrastruktur & Fasilitas, 2(1).

https://doi.org/10.12962/j26151847.v2i1.3767