p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Doi : 10.59141/jist.v4i8.671 974

THE EFFECT OF WATERFRONT CITY DEVELOPMENT ON THE

ECONOMIC WELFARE OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES

(STUDY IN BETING VILLAGE, EAST PONTIANAK DISTRICT, PONTIANAK

CITY)

Andi Setiawan, Ghina Firyaliani Zalfa

Brawijaya University Malang, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

*Correspondence

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Accepted

: 05-08-2023

Revised

: 11-08-2023

Approved

: 12-08-2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of waterfront city development on

coastal economic development in Beting Village, East Pontianak

District, Pontianak City. This is due to the low economy of the

community so many of them are involved in buying and selling drugs

which then damages the good image of Kampung Beting. Data from

100 respondents were analyzed using quantitative analysis methods

with simple linear regression. The results showed that the waterfront

city had a significant effect on the welfare of the coastal economy of

the Betting Village community. This is because according to the

conditions the waterfront itself is appropriate so that it can attract

tourists to visit the area who come and then open opportunities for local

people to open various types of businesses such as boat rentals, taverns

or cafes, and selling souvenirs.

Keywords: waterfront city;

betting village; economics.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Introduction

Kampung Beting is a village of high historical value. The history of Kampung

Beting began with Sultan Abdurrahman Alkadrie who came to this region three months

after the death of his father named Al Habib Husin, the propagator of Islam, in 1184 in

Mempawah (Prameswari, 2018). From Mempawah, the Sultan then went down the

Kapuas River and stopped at the confluence of the Kapuas River and Landak River

because he was disturbed by a long-haired figure better known as Kuntilanak.

Disturbed, the Sultan finally took out a cannon and fired it at the figure as well as

indicating where the cannonball fell, then his territory would be established there (Noor,

Tajik, & Golzar, 2022). The cannonball finally fell through the junction of the Kapuas

River and Landak River, which later became known as Kampung Beting.

Kampung Beting is the first village established after the construction of the Palace

or Keraton Kadriah and is the residence of the figures and officials of the palace. Not

only that but this village also built Jami Mosque. In this village, there are Langar

(Mushalla), Kopol (Pier), three besa houses or places of deliberation for 3 different

tribes living in the village, a hall house as an element of government, and a tomb as an

architectural element. These elements are seen as a unified system and become artifacts

that reflect the identity of Kampung Beting (Wibowo, Kaskoyo, & Damai, 2019). Most

of the houses in this village are houses on stilts (houses on water or lanting houses. This

The Effect Of Waterfront City Development On The Economic Welfare Of Coastal

Communities (Study In Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City)

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 975

stilt house is divided into 3 types according to the class or caste of the homeowner. The

3 types of houses are going slaughterhouses, wire slaughterhouses, and pyramid

slaughterhouses (Lubis, 2014). The pyramid slaughterhouse is the residence of

community leaders related to the palace, while the lanting house is the residence of the

common people. This village can be said to be unique because to connect one house

with another house, a wooden bridge was built. Residents in this village in their daily

lives are very dependent on water, such as for fishing, transportation, bathing, washing,

and so on.

Over time, this village underwent drastic changes after the Indonesian government

system changed from a sultanate to 2 Achmad Mundzirin and Ocsya Ade CP. (2015,

November 30). Kampung Beting is a place of endless promises. Taken back from the

presidency which caused the decline of the people's economy. Those who used to work

as employees or soldiers of the palace turned into unemployed. This condition was

further exacerbated after the entry of crime into this village in 1987 where this village

was used as a place to conduct drug buying and selling transactions (Isra, Zubair, &

Nursyamsi, 2020).

This drug buying and selling activity began with immigrants who entered

Kampung Beting. Kampung Betting is used as an escape place for thugs or criminals

from the pursuit of police officers. The arrival of the criminals then promised the entry

of money through the drug buying and selling business which then made one by one the

people of Kampung Beting fall into the circle. Since then this village has been

considered a dangerous area, be it because of the area of buying and selling drugs or

other crimes. This is reinforced by data from the National Narcotics Agency (BNN)

Pontianak City in 2018 where of more than 3000 people living in Kampung Beting, 200

of them fell into drug buying and selling activities.

Therefore, to improve the economy of the community so that they are not

involved in drug buying and selling activities that damage the good image of Kampung

Beting, the government through the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing

(PUPR) program makes the area along the Kapuas River, including Kampung Beting, as

a waterfront city area. This is by Pontianak City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2013

where it is said that the strategy of determining strategic areas from the point of

economic, and socio-cultural interests, utilization of natural resources and/or high

technology as well as the function and carrying capacity of the environment one of them

is by developing tourism, recreation and nature protection activities in the periphery and

body of the Kapuas River with the concept of waterfront city. Through this program,

houses that originally had their backs to the river were rearranged to face the river.

Likewise with washing places, latrines, ditches, and so on they not only look neat but

also habitable. This arrangement is also followed by empowerment for the community

where they are given various training and counseling so that they do not fall back into

drug buying and selling activities.

Waterfront City

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 976

The waterfront city is the concept of developing coastal or waterfront areas, be it

the beach, river, or lake (Ragheb & EL-Ashmawy, 2020). According to the Echols, a

waterfront city is an area that is by the sea or a city directly adjacent to water, such as a

port area (Dal Cin, Hooimeijer, & Matos Silva, 2021). According to Wrenn, an urban

waterfront is an urban area located at the water's edge, for example in a large port area

in a metropolitan city. According to Breen, Ann, and Rigby, a waterfront city is a

dynamic area of a city that is at the meeting of land and water. While according to the

Directorate of Coastal and Small Islands Utilization, a waterfront city is an area that is

directly adjacent to water and faces rivers, lakes, seas, and so on.8 From these various

understandings, the development of this waterfront city can be interpreted as part of an

effort to develop urban areas that are physically close to water where later the

development of this area will be water-oriented.

Another element that must be owned by the region to be used as a waterfront area

is cultural heritage (Damanik & Pratiwi, 2017). Cultural heritage can be an influential

element for the waterfront area because it can add value to the waterfront area by giving

a sense of history, identity, and character to the place. For example, areas with historical

buildings or landmarks can attract visitors and create a unique sense of place. Cultural

heritage can also be used to promote tourism and economic development, as well as to

preserve and celebrate local traditions and customs (Warsewa, 2018). Overall, cultural

heritage can contribute to the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of the

waterfront city area.

The source of income for people living in the waterfront city area can vary

depending on the location and waterfront model used. Some residents may be involved

in maritime activities, such as fishing or shipping, while others may work in industries

such as tourism, hospitality, retail, or other services. Overall, the economies of the

waterfront region tend to be diverse. Although water is an important resource for several

industries and activities such as shipping or aquaculture, it is not the only or main

source of income for all residents in the waterfront city area.

This waterfront city area can be said to have its uniqueness where the residents

have socio-economic activities oriented to waters and land, have cultural or historical

relics in it, and the lives of the people that cannot be separated from water (living on

water). People also make these waters their main transportation because it is an open

area, but the risk is that they are prone to smuggling, infiltration, or other security

problems.

Waterfront can be divided into 3 types based on the type of coastal development,

including:

1. Waterfront conservation, which is the arrangement of existing waterfront areas so

that they are maintained and can be enjoyed by the surrounding community.

2. Waterfront redevelopment, which is an effort made so that the functions on the

waterfront can run again by building or repairing various pre-existing facilities.

3. Waterfront development, is an effort to create a waterfront to meet the needs of the

existing city by reclaiming the beach.

The Effect Of Waterfront City Development On The Economic Welfare Of Coastal

Communities (Study In Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City)

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 977

Coastal Economic Prosperity

Economic well-being refers to the standard of living of an individual or society in

terms of their ability to meet their needs and wants. Some factors affect the economic

well-being of a society such as income, employment, access to goods and services, and

standard of living. Economic well-being can be measured in various ways, such as

through Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or other economic indicators. The goal of

economic well-being is to ensure that everyone in the economy has the opportunity to

live a healthy and fulfilling life.

Generally, coastal communities are people who live in coastal areas and their lives

are closely related to water, such as fishing and transportation. Coastal communities

also have different characteristics when compared to agrarian or peasant communities.

For example, in terms of income. Farmers' income can be controlled because of their

controlled harvesting patterns so that their crops can be determined to achieve the

desired income. In contrast to coastal communities whose livelihoods are mostly as

fishermen where their income cannot be controlled. This is because it is influenced by 2

factors, namely:12

1. Milieu. The livelihood of these coastal communities is very dependent on the

environment, especially water. This makes them very vulnerable to environmental

damage, such as pollution from 12 Wahyudin, Y. (2015). Socio-Economic and

Cultural System of Coastal Communities.

2. industrial waste or oil spills can thus shake their socioeconomic system. For

example, pollution on the coast of Java at that time caused a drop in the

productivity of shrimp ponds. Of course, this has a significant impact on the lives of

pond farmers.

3. Season. There are two seasons for fishermen, namely the fishing season and the

famine season. In the fishing season, fishermen become very busy going to sea, and

most of them can bring home a bountiful catch. However, in the lean season,

fishing activities can be said to be minimal so their income decreases drastically.

In addition to the broken eyes of the people, most of whom are fishermen, the

education level of the people is also still relatively low. This is also exacerbated by their

residential environment which is not well organized so it displays the impression of

slums. Thus, because their level of welfare can be said to be low, over time the pressure

they get on coastal resources will be greater to meet the needs of their communities.

This can still be overcome by making coastal areas as recreational or tourist areas

by looking at the potential they have to attract the attention of tourists. Later, if the

coastal area is successfully used as a tourist attraction, of course, the income of coastal

communities can also be withdrawn from this sector. That way the economic activities

of coastal communities do not only depend on marine activities (Hegazy, 2021).

Korten's theory also emphasizes that development is not only focused on the

success of development itself but also on the welfare of the people. This means that

development must be sustainable and must not harm the community. Korten argues that

development should be people-centered, meaning it should prioritize people's needs and

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 978

desires above the interests of companies or governments. He also argued that

development should be community-based, meaning it should involve community

participation in the planning and implementation of development projects. Overall,

Korten's theory emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to development that

pays attention to the well-being of its people (Angradi, Williams, Hoffman, & Bolgrien,

2019).

Based on the explanation above, it can be understood that the implementation of

the program will not go according to plan if there is no conformity between the three

elements of program implementation. This is because if the results of the program are

not what is needed by the target group, then the results issued by the program certainly

cannot be utilized properly. If the organization is unable to carry out the tasks required

by the program, then the organization can certainly not deliver the results of the

program appropriately. If the conditions set by the organization cannot be met by the

target group, the target group will not get program results. Thus, compatibility between

these 3 elements is very necessary so that the existing program can run well according

to the plan that has been made.

Research Methods

1. Types of Research

The type of research used in this study is quantitative research methods.

According to Sugiyono, quantitative methods are defined as research methods based on

the philosophy of positivism. Generally, this method is used to examine certain samples

or populations, use research instruments as data collection, statistical/quantitative data

analysis, and aim to test hypotheses that have been set. Cresswell also added that in

quantitative research, researchers must explain the influence between one variable and

another.15 Indicators of the variables in this study are developed into item statements

expressed in the form of a Google Form using a Likert scale of 1-4. Then the data

obtained will be analyzed using a descriptive model, where later this study explores

social situations that will be investigated in depth, breadth, and thoroughly.

2. Location and Object of Research

This research was conducted in Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak

City. The object of this study is waterfront city, in this study, researchers focus on the

influence of waterfront city development on the coastal economic welfare of the people

of Kampung Beting. This is based on the low economy of the local community, making

them participate in drug buying and selling activities which then damage the good

image of Kampung Beting.

3. Population and Sample Determination

The population in this study is residents of Kampung Beting, East Pontianak

District, Pontianak City totaling 19,106 people with details of the number of families as

many as 5,550, male as many as 9,607, female as many as 9,499, aged 0-15 years as

many as 4,930, productive age (16-64 years) as many as 11,698, and ages 65 years and

over as many as 849 people.

The Effect Of Waterfront City Development On The Economic Welfare Of Coastal

Communities (Study In Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City)

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 979

The sample taken was 99.99 people who were then fulfilled into 100 people using

simple random sampling techniques. According to Margono, simple random sampling is

a sampling technique that is carried out directly on the sampling unit. Thus, each

sampling unit as an element of remote populations will get the same opportunity to be

used as a sample/representative of the population but provided that the members of the

population are homogeneous and the research tends to be descriptive.

4. Data Collection Techniques

This research uses Google Forms which will later be disseminated through social

media and chat-based media. While the questionnaire used in this study is a closed

questionnaire or selected questionnaire. The scale used in this study is the Likert scale

which serves to classify the variables to be measured so that later there will be no errors

in analyzing data and the next step of research. In this questionnaire, respondents will

choose statements according to the answer categories, namely:

a. Highly Disagree (STS)

points

b. Disagree (TS)

Points

c. Agree (S)

Points

d. Strongly Agree (SS)

Points

5. Data Analysis Techniques

This study used quantitative analysis methods with simple linear regression. The

analysis steps carried out in this study are as follows: (1) Validity and Reality Test, (2)

Classical Assumption Test; Linearity Test, Normality Test, and Heteroskedasticity Test,

(3) Simple Linear Regression Analysis; Coefficient of Determination Test (R2), Partial

Test (t count), and Statistical Test F.

Results and Discussion

1. Results of Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Waterfront City Variables (X)

Table 2

Waterfront City Variable Mean Recapitulation

Questionnaire Statement

Mean

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The existence of a

waterfront can develop

the potential of the

village

Shoal

3,37

The existence of a

waterfront

Turning the local

environment into a tidy

one

3,47

The existence of a

waterfront

can be used as a tourist

attraction

3,70

The existence of a

waterfront

acceptable to the local

community

3,37

The existence of a

waterfront

disturbing residents in their

activities

1,57

The existing facilities and

infrastructure in the

waterfront area are

adequate

for the community

2,96

Mean Amount

18,44

Source: Processed by Researchers, 2023

Based on the findings of research data in Table 4.13 recapitulation of the mean

value of the waterfront city variable, from the answers of 100 respondents, a total mean

of 3.07 was obtained in the interval range of 2.6 – 3.25 including the category of

agreeing or in other words also water tourism owned by Kampung Beting, and neatly

arranged local environmental conditions, will certainly attract public interest, Be it

foreign tourists or local tourists to visit the area. In addition, the existence of this

waterfront also does not interfere with residents in their activities so it is proven that

there is a balance in its implementation.

The Effect Of Waterfront City Development On The Economic Welfare Of Coastal

Communities (Study In Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City)

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 981

Waterfront City is included in the good category. The findings of this study prove

that in fact in the field there is already a match between the program and also the

implementer/organization (government) where the essence of the development of this

waterfront city is to restore Kampung Beting as it used to be. It is said that because it is

proven that the waterfront in the Kampung Beting area has been able to revive existing

potentials, such as the potential for water tourism in the form of canoe, boat, or boat

rentals to go down the Kapuas River and also religious tourism such as visits to the

Kadriah Palace and Jami Mosque as part of cultural heritage, and can make the local

environment more organized and neat.

Coastal Economic Welfare Variable (Y)

Table 3

Recapitulation of Mean Variables of Coastal Economic Welfare

Questionnaire Statement

Mean

The presence of a

waterfront can be

Opening Jobs for the

Community

3,46

The existence of a

waterfront opens up

opportunities for people to

trade (café or shop

food and drink)

3,61

The existence of a

waterfront provides an

opportunity for the

community to open a

business in the service

sector (renting a canoe,

boat, or

ship)

3,59

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The existence of a

waterfront creates jobs

in making souvenirs or

crafts

hand

3,41

With the waterfront, the

surrounding community

no longer has trouble

finding

Livelihood

3,22

The waterfront can

increase income for

Surrounding community

3,47

Mean Amount

20,76

Number of Variable

Statements

Free

Total Mean

3,46

Source: Processed by Researchers, 2023

Based on the findings of research data in Table 4.14 recapitulation of the mean

value of coastal economic welfare variables, from the answers of 100 respondents, a

total mean of 3.46 was obtained which was in the interval range of 3.26–4 including the

category of strongly agree or other words waterfront city can greatly develop the coastal

economic welfare of the surrounding community. This is because many people feel that

after this waterfront they can open job opportunities, such as opening food stalls, canoe

rental services, and also souvenir making services.

Based on the results of field surveys, the types of economic activities in the

waterfront city area of Kampung Beting are food and beverage traders starting from

Rp1,000-Rp25,000, small stalls with varying prices, canoe, boat, tour boat or speedboat

rentals ranging from Rp10,000 – Rp15,000 per person, photography and souvenir

services starting from Rp5,000, and paid public toilets of Rp2,000/user.

Quite a lot of people spend their time in the afternoon just relaxing in this

waterfront area. Not a few people are also interested in circling the Kapuas River using

canoes that have been rented by the local community to enjoy the beautiful scenery of

the Kapuas River. In fact, once a year before Eid al-Fitr, local people enliven the night

The Effect Of Waterfront City Development On The Economic Welfare Of Coastal

Communities (Study In Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City)

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 983

of Tagbilaran by lighting carbide cannons along the waterfront city area. This has

become a tradition that is carried out from year to year. This carbide cannon ignition

event certainly invites a lot of interest from the people of Pontianak City because this

event is a highly anticipated event for them. People flocked to the waterfront city area of

Kampung Beting to enjoy the carbide cannon war.

Many tourists who come then affect the economy of the local community which

provides a variety of entertainment and culinary to be enjoyed by tourists. That way

local people who were initially slumped in a cycle of poverty due to high

unemployment slowly regained hope in improving their economy through this

waterfront.

2. Results of Simple Linear Regression Analysis

1. Simple Regression Test

Table 4

Uji Regresi Sederhana

Model

Sum of

Squares

Mean

Square

Sig

Regression

289.929

97.44

.000

Residual

246.965

2.975

Total

536.894

a. Dependent Variable: Coastal Economic Prosperity

b. Predictors: (Constant), Waterfront City

Based on the Dtput of the study above, it is known that the calculated F value is

97.440 with a significance value of 0.000 or less than (<) 0.05. Thus, it can be said that

various waterfront city has a significant effect on the variable of coastal economic

welfare. The findings of this study are in line with research related to waterfront cities

conducted by (Suryanto & Devi, n.d.) Bangun Eddi on people living on the banks of the

Kapuas River, where it is said that before this development, people were still not

interested in visiting the area so this area was less known by many people.20 However,

after the construction of the waterfront, public interest increased because the place was

much more attractive so that it was known by the crowd.

The number of tourists who visit the waterfront area of Kampung Beting has an

impact on improving the economy of the surrounding community. Based on

observations in the field, not a few people who visit the waterfront of Kampung Beting

enjoy snacks provided by local people. Canoe/boat rental services have also succeeded

in attracting tourists, especially among young people. They rented the canoe to surround

the Kapuas River while enjoying the surrounding scenery.

Then for tourists who visit the Kadariah Palace, local people also offer various

souvenirs as a characteristic of the area. These things make people happy to visit the

waterfront in the Kampung Beting area, because not only does it present scenery, but

they are also treated to various dishes and entertainment so they don't feel bored. Of

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course, this has a good impact on the local communities who provide these services

because then their economy can improve little by little.

2. Test Coefficient of Determination (R2)

Table 5

Uji Kufisen determinasi (R2)

Model

R Square

Adjusted

Square

Std. Error of

the

Estimate

.735

.540

.534

1.72

a. Predictors: (Constant), Waterfront City

b. Dependent Variable: Coastal Economic Prosperity

The results of the coefficient of determination show that the percentage of coastal

economic welfare variables after being influenced by the waterfront city variable

obtained an R Square value of 0.540 or if converted in percentage form it becomes

0.540 x 100% = 54%. That is, the influence of waterfront city variables on coastal

economic welfare variables is 54%. In the R Square column, the result of the coefficient

of determination for the simultaneous influence of coastal economic welfare variables

on waterfront city variables is obtained R Square of 0.540. After interpretation in the R

Square guideline, the number is in the interval range of > 0.51 or falls into the strong

category.

The percentage of economic welfare variables is influenced by the waterfront city

variable of 54%, which means that the income of the community is mostly dependent on

economic activities in the waterfront city area. However, it does not mean that their

income is entirely dependent on economic activities in the waterfront area alone, but

also on fishing activities or as fishermen considering that in the Kampung Beting area,

there is a fairly large market, as well as industrial activities located around the area.

However, the largest sector that is their source of income remains this economic

activity.

Waterfront City built along the Kapuas River, covering the area of Kampung

Beting, is a well-known tourist attraction in Pontianak and is one of the government's

priorities in maximizing tourism objects in Pontianak to attract as many local and

foreign tourists as possible. Traveling to this waterfront area does not need to require a

lot of money or money because its location is not so far from the city center, which is

less than 1 hour so it can be reached using private or public vehicles. This waterfront

provides interesting and unique entertainment such as canoe, boat, or boat rentals to go

around the Kapuas River so that respondents feel entertained by the rental of these

services. Not only that but this waterfront area also provides a variety of culinary and

there are quite a lot of food stalls opened by the local community at affordable prices so

that all people can enjoy the dishes while enjoying the surrounding scenery. This is the

main attraction for people to visit the area because not only presents scenery but they

The Effect Of Waterfront City Development On The Economic Welfare Of Coastal

Communities (Study In Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City)

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 985

are also treated to a variety of entertainment and culinary at affordable prices. The large

number of people who come to visit this area is then used as an opportunity or

opportunity for local people to open various types of businesses. This then increases

their economic welfare gradually.

The income per day for local people who carry out economic activities in this

waterfront area is Rp300,000 for food and beverage traders, stalls of Rp350,000/day,

canoe/speedboat rentals of Rp300,000/day, tour boat rentals (large boats) of

Rp1,000,000/day, and photography and souvenir services of Rp50,000/day.

1. Partial Test (t count)

Table 6

Uji Parsial (t hitung)

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig

Model

Std. Error

Bet

(Constant)

6.315

2.375

2.659

.009

Waterfront

City

.783

.128

.525

6.107

.000

a. Dependent Variable: Coastal Economic Welfare

Based on the findings of research on the influence of the waterfront city on the

coastal economy of the Kampung Beting community, a significance value of 0.00 or

less than (<) 0.05 was obtained. This means that the hypothesis (H1) which states that

there is an influence of waterfront city development (X) on the economic welfare of the

coast (Y) of Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City, is significantly

accepted and supported.

The magnitude of the influence of the waterfront city on the coastal economic

welfare of the people of Kampung Beting obtained an Unstandardized Coefficients Beta

(β) value of 0.783. This means that for every 1% increase in the value of the waterfront

city, the value of coastal economic welfare will increase by 0.783. The regression

coefficient is positive so it can be said that the direction of influence of the waterfront

city variable on the coastal economic welfare variable is positive.

This is certainly in line with the objectives of waterfront city development carried

out by the government as stated in Pontianak City Regional Regulation Number 2 of

2013 where it is said that the strategy of determining strategic areas from the point of

economic, socio-cultural interests, utilization of natural resources and/or high

technology as well as the function and carrying capacity of the environment, one of

which is by developing tourism activities, recreation, and nature protection in the

suburbs and bodies of the Kapuas River with the concept of waterfront city.

The things that make people interested and feel comfortable to return to visit the

waterfront city area of Kampung Beting are the facilities and infrastructure that are

quite good. This is evidenced by the public toilets and prayer rooms provided for

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visitors have been reorganized or not shabby. This is then one of the reasons why

visitors feel comfortable when visiting Kampung Beting. According to Surwanto,

facilities and infrastructure are one of the supports to serve tourists who come to the

area.21 In addition to the facilities and infrastructure, the variety of culinary and

entertainment offered then makes tourists feel not bored to visit this area. Because the

entertainment in Pontianak City is so minimal. Thus, when local people offer boat,

canoe, and canoe rental services to just play in the Kapuas River area, it is certainly

considered something different and interesting for the people of Pontianak City. No

wonder the people of Pontianak never get tired of visiting the waterfront area of

Kampung Beting.

1. Statistical Test F

Table 7

Uji Statistik F

Model

Sum of

Squares

Mean

Square

Sig

Regression

289.929

97.44

.000

Residual

246.965

2.975

Total

536.894

a. Dependent Variable: Coastal Economic Prosperity

b. Predictors: (Constant), Waterfront City

Based on the results of the above research related to ANOVA, it is known the

simultaneous influence of the waterfront city on the coastal economic welfare of the

people of Kampung Beting, obtained a calculated F value of 97,440 with a significance

value of 0,000. Because the significance value of 0.00 or less than (<) 0.05 means that

there is a simultaneous influence of waterfront city on the coastal economic welfare of

the people of Kampung Beting. That way the hypothesis can be accepted and supported.

This research proves that the more the value or quality of the waterfront city is

improved, the more the coastal economic welfare of the surrounding community. The

factors that can increase the value of the waterfront city itself are the existing facilities

and infrastructure considering that this section received the lowest score by the

respondents even though the existing facilities and infrastructure are already included in

the good category. For example, such as providing tour packages for local tourists who

come from outside Pontianak or even foreign tourists so that they also know the history

of Kampung Beting and its contents while circling the area. The reason is, when tourists

come to the waterfront city area they only focus on the scenery presented. It is

unfortunate if they do not know the history contained in it.

In addition, the aesthetics of cafes or shops in the area can be improved again so

that it can attract more tourists. It is said that because based on observations in the field,

most tourists who visit the waterfront city area are teenagers who are very fanatical

about aesthetic things. Just imagine if the café or shop is made as attractive as possible

like the cafes along the canal in Amsterdam. This destination will certainly have the

The Effect Of Waterfront City Development On The Economic Welfare Of Coastal

Communities (Study In Beting Village, East Pontianak District, Pontianak City)

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, Agustus 2023 987

potential to be the best destination in Pontianak City considering that tourist

destinations in this city are quite minimal.

From the results of the study, it can be seen that the waterfront city in Kampung

Beting is successful in improving the economy of coastal communities when viewed

from the perspective of Korten where it is said that development will succeed if 3

elements are compatible; program, implementer, and program target. The development

of the waterfront city is based on various things found in the Kampung Beting area as

mentioned earlier, namely potential slum areas, for that the government as an

implementing element turns the area into a waterfront city area which then attracts

much public interest to visit the area. Seeing this potential, the people of Kampung

Beting took the initiative to open various businesses to revive their economy such as

opening food stalls, renting their boats for tourists who want to surround the Kapuas

River, and selling various kinds of souvenirs. Based on the respondents' answers and

data processing results, their economy can improve or improve. However, various

improvements or improvements are still needed so that the quality of this waterfront

becomes even better.

Conclusion

Research shows that waterfront city is included in the category of positive images

that can improve economic welfare in coastal Kampung Betting. The attractive

waterfront state has succeeded in attracting tourists to visit the area, providing

opportunities for local people to open various types of businesses such as boat rentals,

taverns, or cafes, as well as souvenir sales. Based on the results of simultaneous tests

(ANOVA), waterfront city together has a significant effect on the economic welfare of

coastal communities in Kampung Beting. The influence is quite strong with an R square

value of 0.540. The results of the coefficient of determination showed that as much as

54% of the variation in coastal economic welfare could be explained by waterfront city

variables, while the rest was influenced by other factors not studied in this study.

Andi Setiawan, Ghina Firyaliani Zalfa

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 988

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