p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4455
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal
Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung Area, North Nunukan
Village, Nunukan Regency)
Yoseph
Politeknik Negeri Nunukan, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: structuring;
slums; coastal areas.
The process of urban development is always faced with
various kinds of problems. One of the most important
problems is the limited ability of cities to provide housing
for residents who continue to grow and grow rapidly. The
objectives of this study are: (1) To find out the extent of the
level of slums in the Coastal Area around Liem Hie Djun,
(2) To find out the correlation between the factors causing
slums to the level of slums, and (3) To formulate directions
for the arrangement of physical buildings of houses and the
arrangement of basic infrastructure of the residential
environment in the research area so that a residential
environment with healthy and good environmental quality is
realized. This research method uses the Spearman
correlation method, and (3) The results of these two analyses
are used as inputs in efforts to organize the slum
environment, using the development analysis method. Based
on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it was
found that the level of slums in RT 9 and RT 10 is heavy
slums with weighting values of 374.8 and 328.5,
respectively. Meanwhile, RT 11 is included in the category
of medium slum level with a weighting value of 297. The
results of the correlation analysis showed that the indicators
of the level of health and comfort of buildings and
environmental sanitation conditions had a perfect
relationship that affected the level of slums. In RT 9, the
level of health and comfort of buildings has a strong
relationship affecting the level of slums.
Introduction
Many cities in Indonesia have experienced quite rapid development and will
continue in the future (Nurmandi, 2022). The realization of the development of this city
is reflected in the rapid expansion of the city, the high level of urbanization, and the
increase in economic development which is characterized by the concentration of various
kinds of economic activities, especially industry, modern services, and large-scale trade.
All of these have encouraged the development and change of life of most urban people
Yoseph
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4456
(Suryawan, 2014). Social changes and modernization of life have changed consumption
patterns, lifestyles and social behaviours towards improved welfare (Adinda et al., 2022).
Facing the process of urban development, the city government is always faced with
various kinds of problems. One of the most important problems today and likely to happen
in the future is the limited ability of cities to provide housing for residents who continue
to grow and grow rapidly (Adawiyah et al., 2023).
Based on the history of urban growth in Indonesia, it can be traced that the housing
problem has never been completely addressed. This condition triggers the development
of illegal settlements that do not have a plan so they are slums (Hatuwe et al., 2021).
The problem of slums also occurs in coastal areas, including in the Coastal Area
around Liem Hie Djung which is located in North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency.
Nunukan Regency has great potential, especially in the trade sector because it is supported
by the role of Nunukan City as a transit city before traders make transactions to Malaysia
and vice versa (inter-island trade).
Economic activities in Nunukan City are growing rapidly in the Coastal Area
around Liem Hie Djung which is known as a trading landing point from and to Malaysia.
This condition causes the area to become crowded for job seekers in Nunukan City (Jones,
2015).
Along with time, in 2003 the Coastal Area around Liem Hie Djung changed with
the construction of a pier and a trading centre and was used as a strategic place for the
development of building spatial planning and coastal environment in Nunukan City. This
condition affects the increase in the number of job seekers who choose to settle in the area
so that from year to year the number of settlements without planning (slum settlements)
is increasing (Ardi & Rahmawati, 2019).
The slums that exist in the Coastal Area around Liem Hie Djung at this time can be
described through various conditions such as inadequate basic infrastructure of the
residential environment, the physical condition of residents' houses, and the low socio-
economic conditions of the community in the area (Hendriani et al., 2023).
The high level of slums in the coastal area around Liem Hie Djung hurts the health
of the surrounding community. Based on data obtained from the North Nunukan Village
Health Center, until 2005 the most common types of diseases suffered by the community,
especially children, were diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection (ISPA), and itchy
skin disease. This is a follow-up impact of unhealthy environmental conditions. In
addition, the slums in the area have a bad visual impact so it affects the physical
development and image of Nunukan City as the capital of the district (Lekipiouw, 2020).
This study aims to determine the level of slums in the Coastal Area around Liem
Hie Djung, identify the correlation between the factors causing slums and the level of
slums in the area, and formulate directions for the arrangement of physical buildings of
houses and basic infrastructure of the residential environment to create a healthy
environment and by healthy settlement standards. This research is useful for academics
as an addition to scientific discourse, providing input for the Nunukan Regency Regional
Government in formulating efforts to organize slum areas, helping coastal communities
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4457
to realize a healthy settlement environment, and as a medium for scientific development
for authors in responding to slum problems.
Method
The sampling method was used in the distribution of questionnaires to respondents
with the sample used in the form of houses that were divided into several types, including
permanent houses, semi-permanent houses, and non-permanent houses. Sampling is
within the scope of RT 10, RT 11, and RT 12 North Nunukan Village with the target of
distributing questionnaires is the heads of families living in the three RTs. The sampling
technique is Stratified Random Sampling, which is stratified or layer-based sampling
(Tatang, 2000:154).
The determination of the number of house samples that are the object of research
uses a formula developed by Slovin (1960) in Kusmayadi (2000:74), namely:
( )
1
2+
=eN
N
n
............................... (Equation 1)
Information:
n = Number of samples
N = Number of population
e = Margin error (precision degree value)
The margin of error was 7%. This shows that the level of scrutiny of the research
can be categorized as meticulous with a confidence level of 93%.
The number of houses according to the type in each RT is as follows:
Table 1
Number of Houses by Type in 2005 (Units)
Location
House Type
Number of
Population
Permanen
Semi-
Permanent
Non-
Permanent
RT 9
0
31
0
31
RT 10
16
170
1
187
RT 11
2
69
22
93
Sum
18
270
23
311
The calculation of the number of samples for each type of house from each sub-
population uses the following formula:
Nt
Ni
ni =
x
nt
................................. (Equation 2)
Information:
Ni = Number of subpopulation samples
Ni = Number of sub-populations
nt = Number of population samples
Nt = Number of population
Based on the formula above, the calculation of the number of samples for each type
of house in each RT is obtained as follows:
Yoseph
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4458
Table 2
Sample Distribution
Location
House Type
Total
Samples
Permanen
Semi-
Permanent
Non-Permanent
RT 9
0
27
0
27
RT 10
8
89
1
98
RT 11
1
47
15
64
Sum
9
163
16
189
Data Collection Techniques
1. Data Primer
Primary data collection techniques are carried out through:
2. Observation
It is carried out to obtain qualitative and quantitative data related to the substance
of the research and can be done using photos, among other things, providing information
about the existing conditions of the residential environment including the physical
condition of the building and the condition of basic infrastructure facilities in the research
area.
3. Questionnaire/ Spread of Question List
It was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires to several residential
houses located in RT 9, RT 10, and RT 11 according to the details of the number of
samples needed. The purpose is to find out the perception of community needs regarding
the improvement of basic infrastructure in the residential environment.
4. Data Seconds
Obtained based on literature studies through various literature or data obtained from
related agencies.
Data Analysis
Research on the slum environment is carried out through several stages of analysis:
Stage I: analysis of the assessment of the level of slums and analysis of the correlation of
factors affecting the level of slums.
Phase II: efforts to arrange the slum environment, including analysis of the arrangement
of the physical buildings of the house and the basic infrastructure of the residential
environment.
Results and Discussion
Basic Physical Characteristics
Nunukan Regency as a district bordering Malaysian territory has a land area of ±
13,917.76 km2. Nunukan Regency is divided into 21 sub-districts, including Nunukan
District, Sebatik District, Sebuku District, Lumbis District, Sembakung District, Krayan
District, and South Krayan District.
Nunukan Regency has the following administrative boundaries:
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4459
North: East Malaysia, Sabah
East: Sulawesi Sea
South: Bulungan Regency and
Malinau Regency
West: East Malaysia, Sarawak
The research area is located in North Nunukan Village with the following
administrative boundaries:
North: Luciana Strait
(East Malaysia, Sabah)
East: East Nunukan Village
South: South Nunukan Village
West: West Nunukan Village
The research area was then narrowed again, including RT 9, RT 10, and RT 11.
Population Characteristics
Table 3
Number of Residents of North Nunukan Village per RT in 2005
RT
Total Population (Soul)
Man
Woman
Sum
1
81
135
216
2
289
215
504
3
213
206
419
4
319
293
612
5
218
184
402
6
415
329
744
7
229
195
424
8
326
47
126
9
79
254
578
10
345
312
657
11
301
268
569
12
324
272
598
Total
3139
2710
5849
As of 2022, the number of residents in North Nunukan Village reached 5849 people
with a ratio ratio between men and women of 54% men and 46% women. The largest
population of 744 people is in RT 6 and the smallest 126 people are in RT 9.
Table 4
Number of North Nunukan Village Households per RT in 2022
Location
Number of Households
1
43
2
118
3
117
4
144
5
79
6
183
7
109
8
125
9
130
Yoseph
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4460
10
188
11
105
12
31
Total
1372
The number of households in North Nunukan Village as a whole is 1388
households. The largest households are in RT 10, which is 188 families, and the smallest
in RW I2, which is 31 families (Widyastuty & Ramadhan, 2019).
Land Use Characteristics
Land use in North Nunukan Village until 2005 as much as 56% (7,500 km2) was
dominated by dryland or field agricultural activities and 20% in the form of bushes.
Meanwhile, the use of land for housing and yard activities is 13% of the total existing
land.
Table 7
Land Use of North Nunukan Village in 2005
Land Use
Total (km2)
(%)
Housing and Yards
1729
13
Simple Rice Fields
0
0
Dryland Farming/ Plantation
7500
56
Pond
1500
11
Industrial
0
0
Bushland
2750
20
River, Alley, Road, Cemetery
0
0
Total
13479
100
Housing Characteristics
Housing in North Nunukan Village, which is located in the Coastal Area around
Liem Hie Djung, is dominated by traditional houses in the form of stilt houses built using
plank/wooden foundations. The roof used to protect the residents is made of zinc/nipa
leaves. Meanwhile, the floor material of the house also uses wood/boards.
Socio-Economic Characteristics
According to data summarized from the 2022 North Nunukan Village Monograph
document, there are 85% of the population in the area have a livelihood as traders.
Meanwhile, the average level of education of the community in the region is mostly
graduates of the First Level Senior High School (SLTP), which is as much as 35% of the
population. Table 8
Number and Type of Occupation of Residents in the Coastal Area around Liem Hie Djung
in 2022
No
Work
Sum
1
Company Employees
31
2
Farmer
120
3
Merchant
2478
4
Tukang
34
5
Civil Servants
219
6
TNI/POLRI
40
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4461
Sum
2922
Table 9
Final Education Level of Residents in the Coastal Area around Liem Hie Djung in 2022
No
Final Education Level
Sum
1
Not yet in school
128
2
Not Graduated from Elementary
School / Equivalent
674
3
Elementary School Graduation
1210
4
Completion of Junior High School
1887
5
High School Graduation
1439
6
Academy Graduation
0
7
Graduated from College
33
8
Illiteracy
0
Sum
5371
Correlation Analysis of Influencing Factors on Slum Levels
Variables that affect the level of slums can be seen in the following correlation
interpretation table. Table 10
Interpretasi Hasil Korelasi
Variable
Y
Variable
X
Correlation
Coefficient
I'll screw up
Relationship
Slum Level
Environmental Sanitation
Conditions
-0,811 (**)
Sempurna
Health and comfort level of
the building
-0,802(**)
Sempurna
Building Ownership Status
-0,636(**)
Strong
Waste Services
-0,560(**)
Enough
Dengue Fever Pain Figures
0,488(**)
Enough
Quality Level of Building
Structure
-0,484(**)
Enough
ISPA Pain Figures
0,453(**)
Enough
Number of households per
house
0,449(**)
Enough
Clean Water Service
-0,442(**)
Enough
Income Level
-0,286(**)
Weak
Malaria Morbidity Rate
0,249(**)
Weak
Diarrhoea Pain Figures
0,231(**)
Weak
Road Condition
-0,180(*)
Very Weak
Educational Status
-0,161(*)
Very Weak
Floor Area Utilization Rate
of Building
-0,148(*)
Very Weak
Land Legality Status
-
No relationship
Frequency of Fire Disasters
-
No relationship
Frequency of Flood
Disasters
-
No relationship
Average Household
Members
-
No relationship
Building Floor Quality
Level
-
No relationship
Yoseph
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4462
The level of slums has a perfect relationship with environmental sanitation
conditions and the level of health and comfort of buildings where the correlation value is
between 0.80 – 1.00.
Meanwhile, the interpretation of each RT is as follows:
RT 9
Table 11
Interpretation of Correlation Results in RT 9
Variable
Y
Variable
X
Correlation
Coefficient
I'll screw up
Relationship
SLUM
LEVEL
The health and
comfort level
of the building
0,678
Strong
Building
ownership
status
0,470
Enough
Clean water
service
0,470
Enough
Environmental
sanitation
conditions
0,470
Enough
Dengue Fever
pain rate
- 0,470
Enough
ARI's pain
rate
- 0,470
Enough
The quality
level of the
building
structure
0,454
Enough
Land legality
status
-
No
relationship
Frequency of
fire disasters
-
No
relationship
Frequency of
flood disasters
-
No
relationship
Average
household
members
-
No
relationship
Number of
households
per house
-
No
relationship
Malaria
morbidity rate
-
No
relationship
Diarrhea pain
rate
-
No
relationship
Level of use
of building
floor area
-
No
relationship
The quality
level of the
building floor
-
No
relationship
Waste service
-
No
relationship
Road
conditions
-
No
relationship
Educational
status
-
No
relationship
Income level
-
No
relationship
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4463
Based on the table above, it is known that 7 variables have a significant influence
on the level of slums in RT 9. The variables that influence RT 9 in order are the level of
health and comfort of the building, the status of building ownership, clean water services,
environmental sanitation conditions, Dengue Fever pain rate, ISPA pain rate, and the
quality level of building structures.
The variable that has a strong influence is the level of health and comfort of the
building.
RT 10
11 variables affect the level of slums in RT 10 with different correlation
coefficients. RT 10 is an RT with a level of slum that is classified as a heavy slum.
Variables that affect the level of the slum are the level of health and comfort of the
building, environmental sanitation conditions, diarrhoea pain rate, ISPA pain rate,
building structure quality level, malaria pain rate, dengue fever pain rate, number of
households per house, building ownership status, flood disaster frequency, and clean
water services.
Table 12
Interpretation of Correlation Results in RT 10
Variable
And
Variable
X
Correlation
Coefficient
I'll screw up
Relationship
SLUM LEVEL
The health and comfort level
of the building
0,958
Sempurna
Environmental sanitation
conditions
0,872
Sempurna
Diarrhea pain rate
- 0,441
Enough
ARI's pain rate
- 0,411
Enough
The quality level of the
building structure
0,337
Lemah
Malaria morbidity rate
- 0,323
Lemah
Dengue Fever pain rate
- 0,300
Lemah
Number of households per
house
- 0,263
Lemah
Building ownership status
0,256
Weak
Frequency of flood disasters
0,249
Weak
Clean water service
0,249
Lemah
Land legality status
-
No relationship
Frequency of fire disasters
-
No relationship
Average household members
-
No relationship
Level of use of building floor
area
-
No relationship
The quality level of the
building floor
-
No relationship
Waste service
-
No relationship
Road conditions
-
No relationship
Educational status
-
No relationship
Yoseph
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4464
Variable
And
Variable
X
Correlation
Coefficient
I'll screw up
Relationship
Income level
-
No relationship
Variables that have a perfect relationship in the sense that it is very strong to the
level of slums in RT 10 are the level of health and comfort of buildings and environmental
sanitation conditions.
RT 11
5 variables affect RT 11. Influential factors include building health, sanitation, ARI
sickness rate, malaria sickness rate and income level.
Variables that have a strong influence on the level of slums in RT 11 are the level
of health and comfort of buildings and environmental sanitation conditions.
Table 13
Interpretation of Correlation Results in RT 11
Variable
And
Variable
X
Correlation
Coefficient
I'll screw up
Relationship
SLUM LEVEL
The health and
comfort level of the
building
0,632
Strong
Environmental
sanitation conditions
0,632
Strong
ARI's pain rate
- 0,370
Weak
Malaria morbidity rate
- 0,343
Weak
Income level
0,257
Weak
Land legality status
-
No relationship
Building ownership
status
-
No relationship
Frequency of fire
disasters
-
No relationship
Frequency of flood
disasters
-
No relationship
Average household
members
-
No relationship
Number of families
per umah
-
No relationship
Diarrhea pain rate
-
No relationship
Dengue Fever pain
rate
-
No relationship
The quality level of
the building structure
-
No relationship
Level of use of
building floor area
-
No relationship
The quality level of
the building floor
-
No relationship
Clean water service
-
No relationship
Waste service
-
No relationship
Road conditions
-
No relationship
Educational status
-
No relationship
Efforts to Arrange the Slum Environment
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4465
In this study, the direction of the physical building arrangement activities of the
house refers to the General Guidelines for Healthy Simple Houses No.
403/KPTS/M/2022. The directions for the arrangement of the physical building of the
house are as follows:
a. Improvements to the minimum needs of mass (appearance) and space (inside and out)
Efforts to improve the minimum needs of mass (appearance) and space (inside and
out) can be carried out through the expansion of house buildings which is calculated using
the minimum standard of space area requirements per person of 7.2 m2 (by the General
Guidelines for Healthy Simple Houses No. 403/KPTS/M/2022). The minimum house
building area in the study area is 7.2 m2 X 6 (average house occupants) = 43.2 m2 with
the calculation of the average ceiling of the house being 2.80 m.
b. Improvement of health and comfort needs of home buildings
The results of the correlation analysis show that in the research area, the indicators
of building health and comfort have a perfect relationship with the level of slums. This
means that the more unhealthy and comfortable the house building is, the more slum the
residential environment. The unhealth of house buildings in the study area can be seen
from the poor quality of building floors and air circulation systems. Based on these
conditions, improvement efforts that can be made to meet the health and comfort needs
of house buildings in the research area include:
a) Improving the quality of the floor of the house building
The location of the research area in the coastal area causes residents' houses to
be dominated by stilt houses made of boards/wood that are susceptible to moisture. To
meet the requirements of the health and comfort needs of house buildings, house floor
materials at least use board materials in good condition, dry, and not easily weathered.
b) Improvement of the air circulation system
The density between one house building and another in the research area causes
the air circulation system and solar lighting in the house to be disrupted. In addition,
based on the observation results, the ventilation and height of stilt houses in the
research area tend to be limited. To meet the requirements of the health and comfort
needs of the house building, it is necessary to add ventilation and windows as well as
the height of the house building. The goal is so that air and sunlight can freely enter
the house and reduce humidity.
c) Improvements to the minimum security and safety requirements
Improvements to the minimum security and safety needs are carried out by
improving the quality of the structure of simple residential buildings, including the
foundation of the house building, walls (and building frames), and roofs. In the
research area where most of the residents' houses are stilt houses, the building structure
can at least use good quality and durable wood (not easily weathered).
d) Implementing control efforts on the construction of new houses as one of the measures
to prevent the development of the slum environment from becoming uncontrollable.
It can be done through the issuance of a Building Permit (IMB) so that every new
development must be equipped with an IMB.
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4466
e) Carry out continuous maintenance of the environment and house buildings, especially
the environment and house buildings that have become habitable, both in terms of the
quality of the building structure and in terms of the health of the building and the
environment.
f) House buildings that are still non-permanent can be upgraded to semi-permanent
houses by replacing the building structure that currently uses plywood with
boards/wood that are in good condition, dry, and durable (not easily weathered).
Arrangement of Basic Infrastructure for Residential Environments
1. Clean Water Service Level
The reach of clean water services from PDAM has not reached all levels of society,
so to meet the needs of clean water, they get it from well water and rainwater. (the
percentage of the number of houses that have not received clean water services in RT 9,
RT 10, and RT 11 is 96%, 72%, and 70%, respectively). The arrangement of basic
infrastructure for the residential environment in the clean water service sector is directed
to expand the reach of clean water services from PDAMs through direct connections, the
placement of hydrants, and public faucets. This aims to meet the community's needs for
clean water.
2. Waste Services
The results of the slum-level assessment analysis showed that the percentage of
houses that threw garbage out of place was 78% in RT 9, 80% in RT 10, and 67% in RT
11. The habit of people throwing garbage out of place is due to the reach of garbage
disposal locations that are far from their homes. The direction of arranging settlement
infrastructure in the waste system in this study is as follows:
1) Providing waste disposal locations at several strategic and affordable points for the
entire community, namely 1 TPS each in each residential neighbourhood in each RT
that must meet the requirements, such as a minimum environmental waste bin capacity
of 2 m3, garbage cans made of water-tight materials and can be an open space that can
place 1-2 containers with a capacity of 6 m3.
2) Waste transportation facilities in the form of wheelbarrows which are currently only
available for 1 unit for the needs of several RTs are directed to increase the number,
namely, each RT is provided with 1 unit of the wheelbarrow.
3) The period of waste transportation is set to a maximum of every 2 days and it is
attempted that waste transportation is carried out every day.
4) Provide counselling in an incentive manner by the government and related parties to
the community in slum areas about the importance of healthy living so that it is hoped
that gradually the habit of people throwing garbage out of place can be reduced and
even disappear.
Environmental Sanitation Conditions
The problem of environmental sanitation in the research area is the absence of
toilets and toilets for stilt house buildings above seawater bodies due to the absence of
land and weak economic capabilities. An alternative solution to this problem is to make
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4467
a public WC/MCK. The standard for the use of public toilets is 140 people (SNI No. 03-
2399-2002 concerning Procedures for Planning Public Toilets Buildings). The standard
number of public toilet users is equivalent to 23 housing units (one house has 6 people).
Based on the available data, in the research area, 48 housing units have not been equipped
with WC/MCK with details of 24 housing units in RT 9, 16 housing units in RT 10, and
8 housing units in RT 11.
Adapun arahan teknis pembangunan MCK umum, adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Sesuai dengan standar yang ada, di wilayah penelitian diarahkan untuk dibangun 2 unit
MCK umum untuk melayani 48 unit rumah yang belum dilengkapi dengan WC/ MCK.
Penempatan 2 MCK tersebut diarahkan pada lahan kosong yang berada di RT 9 dan
RT 11.
2. Arahan pemilihan lokasi didasarkan pada lahan kosong dan radius pelayanan 50 m
serta jarak ke lokasi sumur gali 10 m.
Road Condition
The condition of the road in the research area uses pavement in the form of wood.
Based on the results of the assessment of the level of slums, it is known that the percentage
of damaged roads at this time is higher. The percentage of damaged roads in RT 9, RT
10, and RT 11 is 100%, 96%, and 100%, respectively. According to the results of the
correlation analysis, the condition of the road network does not have a close relationship
with the level of slums, but road repairs need to be carried out for the safety and comfort
of the community.
Directions for the arrangement of residential environmental infrastructure in the
road network sector can be carried out through:
1. Rehabilitation of main roads that are currently in a damaged condition by using good
quality, sturdy, durable, and not easily weathered wood. Meanwhile, on environmental
roads that are lightly damaged, routine maintenance is carried out through
patchwork/repair of damaged roads only.
2. Conducting road inspections on an incentive basis by the government and related
parties to find out the feasibility of these roads.
In addition, the direction of slum arrangement in this study was also differentiated
according to the level of slums, namely heavy slums in RT 9 and RT 10 and medium
slums in RT 11.
Direction for Arrangement of Settlement Environments in the Heavy Slum Category
1. Improving the quality of wall and roof structures by replacing weathered boards/wood
with good quality and durable boards/wood.
2. Improvement of the health and comfort needs of house buildings through the addition
of windows, ventilation, and height of house buildings.
3. Improving the quality of the floor of a stilt house building uses a board floor that is
good, safe, and not easily weathered
4. Improvement of the minimum needs of mass (appearance) and space (inside and out)
through the expansion of the house building to 43.2 m2.
5. Supervise the construction of houses through IMB ownership.
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4468
6. Maintenance of building conditions and the environment that are good and habitable
continuously.
Arrangement of the basic infrastructure of the settlement environment
1. Clean water service
Trying to expand the reach of PDAM's clean water services to all housing units in
RT 9 through direct connections, because based on the results of the assessment of the
slum level 96% of the houses in this RT have not received clean water services from
PDAM. Another alternative is to place 1 public faucet and 1 hydrant unit near the location
of the Public Toilet.
2. Waste service
Provide trash cans made of water-meeting materials in several locations that are
easy for cleaners to reach and do not interfere with traffic.
Providing a waste disposal location directed to vacant land near the market.
3. Provide waste transportation facilities in the form of wheelbarrows and set a maximum
period of waste transportation every 2 days and try to transport waste every day.
Environmental sanitation conditions
Based on the results of the previous analysis, it is known that environmental
sanitation conditions affect determining the level of slums in RT 9. The direction of
structuring environmental sanitation conditions in RT 9 is to plan to make 1 unit of public
toilets on vacant land with a service radius of 50 m and a distance to the location of the
dug well of 10 m.
Road conditions
1. Carry out total rehabilitation on main roads that are currently in a damaged condition
by using good quality, sturdy, durable, and not easily weathered wood.
2. Perform routine maintenance on environmental roads that are in a lightly damaged
condition through repairs to damaged parts only (patchwork).
3. The government and related parties incentivize the feasibility of these roads.
Clean water service
The results of the analysis of the slum level assessment through the weighting
method show that 72% of residential houses in RT 10 have not received clean water
services from PDAM so the direction of structuring the basic infrastructure of the
residential environment in the clean water service sector is to try to expand the reach of
PDAM clean water services to all housing units in RT 10 through direct connections and
the placement of 1 public faucet in densely populated areas.
Waste service
1. Provide trash cans made of water-meeting materials in several locations that are easy
for cleaners to reach and do not interfere with traffic.
2. Providing a waste disposal location directed to vacant land whose location is not too
close to the residential environment.
3. Provide waste transportation facilities in the form of wheelbarrows and set a maximum
period of waste transportation every 2 days and try to transport waste every day.
Environmental sanitation conditions
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4469
Based on the results of the previous analysis, it is known that environmental
sanitation conditions have a perfect relationship in determining the level of slums in RT
10. The limited land in the RT 10 environment makes it impossible for the area to be
directed to make public toilets. However, those who live in the RT 10 neighbourhood can
take advantage of the public toilet facilities which are directed to be in the RT 11
neighbourhood with a service radius of 50 m.
Road conditions
The direction of structuring the basic infrastructure of the residential environment
in the road condition sector in RT 10 is the same as RT 9, namely:
1. Carry out total rehabilitation on main roads that are currently in a damaged condition
by using good quality, sturdy, durable, and not easily weathered wood.
2. Perform routine maintenance on environmental roads that are in a lightly damaged
condition through repairs to damaged parts only (patchwork).
3. The government and related parties incentivize the feasibility of these roads.
Clean water service
Trying to expand the reach of PDAM clean water services to all housing units in
RT 11 through direct connection and the placement of 1 hydrant unit near the Public
Toilet, because based on the results of the analysis of the slum level assessment, 67% of
the houses in the neighbourhood have not received clean water services from PDAM.
Waste service
1. Provide trash cans made of water-meeting materials in several locations that are easy
for cleaners to reach and do not interfere with traffic.
2. Providing a waste disposal location directed at vacant land that is not too close to the
residential environment.
3. Provide waste transportation facilities in the form of wheelbarrows and set a maximum
period of waste transportation every 2 days and try to transport waste every day.
Environmental sanitation conditions
The direction of structuring environmental sanitation conditions in RT 11 is to plan
to make 1 unit of public toilets on vacant land with a service radius of 50 m and a distance
to the location of the dug well of 10 m.
Road conditions
The direction of the arrangement of basic infrastructure for the residential
environment of the road condition sector in the RT 11 environment is as follows:
1. Total rehabilitation on main roads that are currently in a damaged condition using good
quality, sturdy, durable, and not easily weathered wood.
2. Regular maintenance on environmental roads that have suffered minor damage
through repairs in certain parts that have been damaged.
3. The government and related parties incentivize the feasibility of these roads.
Conclusion
The results of the study show that the level of slums in the Coastal Area around
Liem Hie Djung varies, with RT 9 and RT 10 included in the category of heavy slum
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4470
level, having a weighting value of 374.8 and 328.5, respectively, while RT 11 is included
in the medium slum category with a value of 297. The highest weighting value is in RT
9 and the lowest is in RT 11. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there
was a strong relationship between certain factors and the level of slums, such as in RT 9,
the indicators of building health and comfort had a strong relationship (0.678), while other
indicators such as building ownership status, clean water services, and environmental
sanitation conditions had sufficient relationships. In RT 10, there was a perfect
relationship between the level of health, building comfort, and environmental sanitation
conditions, with correlation values of 0.958 and 0.872, respectively. Meanwhile, in RT
11, indicators of health, building comfort, and environmental sanitation also have a strong
relationship (0.632).
The direction of physical arrangement and basic infrastructure in this area includes
repairing house buildings with house expansion up to 43.2 m², improving the quality of
house structures, and improving building health and safety by adding ventilation and
windows. In addition, there needs to be development supervision through IMB and
periodic maintenance of buildings. In terms of environmental infrastructure, the
expansion of PDAM's clean water services through direct connections and the placement
of public hydrants in each RT is urgently needed. Environmental planning also includes
the provision of easily accessible waste disposal facilities, waste transportation facilities,
and counselling to the community about the importance of healthy living. The
construction and maintenance of public toilets are also highly recommended, as well as
the rehabilitation of damaged roads and regular inspections of road infrastructure.
Direction for Physical Arrangement of Slums in Coastal Areas (Case Study: Liem Hie Djung
Area, North Nunukan Village, Nunukan Regency)
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4471
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