p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Doi: 10.59141/jist.v4i8.661 1162

ATTITUDE-BASED COALITION TOWARDS POLICY-DRIVEN POLICIES

"COALITION: EIGHT PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES AND AN OPEN

PROPORTIONAL SYSTEM IN THE 2024 ELECTIONS"

Dinda Rembulan

University of Indonesia Depok, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

*Correspondence

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Accepted

: 04-08-2023

Revised

: 19-08-2023

Approved

: 21-08-2023

This journal discusses the formation of a coalition involving eight

parliamentary political parties: the Golongan Karya Party (Golkar), the

Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), the National Democratic

Party (Nasdem), the Nation Awakening Party (PKB), the Democratic

Party, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), the National Mandate Party

(PAN), and the United Development Party (PPP). The coalition is

based on their shared stance to maintain the application of the

proportional open electoral system in the 2024 election. In this context,

the study refers to William Gamson's theory of determining factors for

a coalition, which consists of three types. Firstly, the initial distribution

of resources is a crucial factor where all coalition participants calculate

opportunities deemed more rational to favor those perceived to possess

the most significant or determining resources. Secondly, the rewards

obtained factor into the decision-making process, where coalition

participants evaluate options expected to yield the maximum

reciprocity or advantage. Finally, the decision point factor plays a role,

as the most effective decision is based on the strength of resources

possessed by each coalition participant. The research adopts a

qualitative method supported by literature study techniques to obtain

data. The results of this study reveal that the coalition formed among

the eight parliamentary political parties is based on the calculation

made by each party, considering that the implementation of the open

proportional electoral system is more rational, provides advantages, and

is perceived as more effective in supporting their winning efforts in the

2024 election.

Keywords: policy-driven

coalition; open proportional

system; closed proportional

system; law number 7 of 2017;

2024 general election.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Introduction

The emergence of the term democracy which historically came from Ancient

Greek civilization with all the values and principles in it in today's context has been

widely used as a reference by people in various countries (Felicia, 2022). One of them is

related to the existence of a general election mechanism (election). The definition of

elections contained in Law Number 7 of 2017, then explains it as a means of people's

sovereignty to elect members of the People's Representative Council (DPR), Regional

Representative Council (DPD), President and Vice President as well as the Regional

People's Representative Council (DPRD) which is carried out directly, publicly, freely,

secretly, honestly and fairly within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic

of Indonesia (NKRI) based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution (Yasin, 2017).

Through the holding of elections, people living under the nature of democracy can then

make it a means to actively participate in the process of determining the leadership

Attitude-Based Coalition Towards Policy-Driven Policies "Coalition: Eight Parliamentary

Parties And An Open Proportional System In The 2024 Elections

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1163

formed (Paryono, Absori, & Muinudinillah, 2020). Meanwhile, elections themselves are

intended as a means to realize the circulation of power periodically. The reason is, this

is done to avoid a tendency that occurred in previous times, where power was relatively

centralized only to a few certain parties. For this reason, every country in reality then

seeks to formulate an electoral system that suits the pattern of life of its people,

including Indonesia (Husain, Ambotuo, & Hamid, 2020).

In this case, the electoral system can be understood as a mechanism to select

decision-makers when the existence of the community becomes too large for every

citizen to be involved in any decision-making process that affects the community. On

the other hand, the electoral system can also be interpreted as translating votes into seats

won in parliament by political parties and candidates (Kodiyat, 2019). The use of the

electoral system itself essentially then has several objectives, namely as an instrument to

select decision-makers, a channel for accountability of people's representatives to the

people or vice versa, and an arena to limit future political discourse or agenda

(Haboddin, 2016). Meanwhile, the use of the electoral system in Indonesia has

historically undergone several changes and developments from each period of

government. In this case, Indonesia itself has successfully held elections 12 times,

namely in 1955, 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019

(Pardede, 2014). However, in the 2019 election, for the first time, Indonesia then used

an electoral system simultaneously between legislative elections and presidential and

vice presidential elections. However, the electoral system for legislative elections still

uses a proportional system using open lists. The proportional system itself is defined as

an electoral system that translates the votes obtained by political parties into seats in

parliament according to the number of votes achieved (Muhtadin, 2023). Meanwhile,

the open list is interpreted as a list containing candidates for legislative members

submitted by each political party in the election in order of sequence number. As a

result, voters (the public) are allowed to directly elect candidates for the legislature they

want. Meanwhile, political parties will get the number of seats in parliament according

to the number of votes they get in the election. Meanwhile, to explain the aspects of the

electoral system in Indonesia in the simultaneous elections in 2019 more specifically,

can be seen in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Aspects of the 2019 Concurrent Election System

No.

Aspects

Concurrent elections in 2019

Election System

Proportional Open List

Constituencies

- DPR-RI level: Consists of provinces or

parts of provinces.

- Provincial DPRD Level: Consists of

district/city.

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1164

- District/City DPRD Level: Consists of Atas

district.

How to Vote

Vote on ballot papers, both the emblem of

the political party and the name of the

candidate for the legislature.Vote on ballot

papers, both the emblem of the political party

and the name of the candidate for the

legislature.

Seat Allocation for Each

Constituency

- 3-10 seats for the DPR RI level.

- 3-12 seats for DPRD level.

Determination of Selected

Candidates

Based on the most votes obtained by

referring to the Sainte Lague method.

Source: Processed by the author of https://infopemilu.kpu.go.id/pileg2019/dapil/view.

The use of an open-list proportional electoral system then has several impacts (as

shown in Table 2 below).

Table 2

Impact of the Proportional Election System in Concurrent Elections in 2019

No.

Positive Impact

Negative Impact

More opportunities for the

representation of minority and/or local

groups with diverse background

conditions. More options for the

representation of minority and/or local

groups with various background

conditions.

Encouraging the emergence of many

political parties in parliament, thus

potentially influencing the decision-

making process to be relatively

inefficient.

Further, reduce the number of votes

lost in the process of counting votes.

Encourage forming a coalition

government of parties to form a

majority force in parliament to

potentially create instability because

compromises must be made to many

parties (political parties).

Encourage political parties to form lists

of candidates early on and announce

them publicly.

It is relatively complicated when

viewed from a technical point of view

because it is difficult for the community

to understand and be implemented the

Attitude-Based Coalition Towards Policy-Driven Policies "Coalition: Eight Parliamentary

Parties And An Open Proportional System In The 2024 Elections

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1165

organizer’s Election.

Female candidates are allowed to gain

support from the party machine when

compared to a plurality/majority

system.

The possibility for voters to hold their

representatives directly accountable is

relatively small because they cannot

directly remove them from the

government.

Source: Puskapol FISIP UI, 2014

Furthermore, the issue that will then be focused on in this journal refers to the

discourse to restore the electoral system using the closed list as has been applied in the

past. The emergence of the discourse itself began with the filing of a judicial review

lawsuit against the application of the open proportional system mandated in Law

Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections to the Constitutional Court by several

parties which were then registered with case number 114/PUU-XX/2022 on November

16, 2022. Meanwhile, the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI)-Struggle is listed as the

only parliamentary political party that supports the discourse. While on the other hand,

eight parliamentary political parties met and then produced a joint statement consisting

of five things, namely rejecting the application of a closed proportional system,

considering the application of an open proportional system as the right choice because it

was considered to be by the Constitutional Court decision Number 22-24 / PUUVI /

2008 and considered the ongoing lawsuit as a bad precedent, Calling on the General

Elections Commission (KPU) to continue to carry out its duties as an election organizer

by maintaining its neutrality and independence, appreciating the government for

preparing the budget for the 2024 elections and committing to compete healthily and

peacefully while maintaining the unity and unity of the nation and for maintaining

political, security and economic stability.

According to those who support the discourse to return the electoral system to a

closed list, the system makes elections simpler and also more economical. The counting

of votes can be faster and more practical, which can avoid many casualties if KPPS

officers are like in the 2019 election. With this system, cadres in the party will run well

and there will be no conflicts between internal candidates fighting for votes with their

friends. However, behind this scientific explanation, there is another big goal they are

aiming for, which is to maintain the current great electability. With a closed

proportional system, the possibility of other parties taking their voting pockets becomes

closed. Because other parties can no longer use vote-getters. Proponents of open-list

proportional electoral systems argue that closed proportional systems are not

transparent, like buying cats in sacks. The sovereignty of the people to directly elect

their representatives is neglected. Thus, they united to maintain an open proportional

system. Their argument is sweet and rational. However, what they want to achieve is

not simply direct democracy that continues to be maintained. On the other hand, they

have a big goal, which may be bigger than the goal of democracy, which is the interest

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1166

of getting as many votes as possible in the 2024 elections. The reason is, with a closed

proportional system, they can no longer rely on popular candidates such as celebrities,

former regional heads, and also community leaders, to gain votes. Especially in

previous elections, they used these popular people as vote getters. As a result, although

in previous surveys their electability was low, during the election their votes were high.

With this democratic wrapper, they also seem to ignore the negative effects of open

proportionality such as brutal competition within the party to the flood of money

politics practices in society. Therefore, this journal wants to review in more depth the

phenomenon of the coalition of eight parliamentary political parties that support the

implementation of the open-list proportional election system and at the same time see

how the political process and dynamics that develop by relating it to parties who support

the implementation of the closed-list proportional election system.

The perspective referred to is derived from the view of William Gamson where a

coalition is understood as an agreement involving two or more social units who then use

all the resources at their disposal to achieve a common goal or interest. This at least

shows that in a coalition, dimensions such as agreement, resource utilization and

common interests are closely related (Boix, Stokes, & Asnawi, 2021). In addition, other

things that later contributed to the formation of a coalition were at least explained by

Gamson through four factors. However, this study only refers to three factors because

non-utilitarian strategy factors based on aspects of likes and dislikes, ideologies, beliefs,

emotional factors and so on are not relevant if they are also associated with the theory of

rational choice and office-seeking used in this study.

Research Methods

In data collection, this study uses qualitative research methods, which when

referring to the views of John W. Creswell can be understood as a method in scientific

research aimed at exploring problems related to human life and social aspects, so that it

is not biased with the generalization process that usually occurs in other research

methods.

Results and Discussion

Eight political parties that have seats in the People's Representative Council

(DPR) have expressed a firm stance against the closed proportional election system that

is being submitted to the Constitutional Court. The closed proportional system allows

voters to vote only for parties instead of legislative candidates as has been implemented

in the 2009, 2014, and 2019 elections (Khairunnisa & Fatimah, 2023). The rejection

attitude was conveyed jointly in a meeting held at Dharmawangsa Hotel, South Jakarta,

on Sunday (8/1). Of the nine parliamentary parties, only the Indonesian Democratic

Party of Struggle expressed support for a closed proportional electoral system. "We 8

political parties are united for the sovereignty of the people. Of course, this meeting is

not the first meeting, but it was agreed that this meeting will be continued periodically,

to control the attitude of this political party, "said Golkar Party Chairman Airlangga

Attitude-Based Coalition Towards Policy-Driven Policies "Coalition: Eight Parliamentary

Parties And An Open Proportional System In The 2024 Elections

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1167

Hartarto after the meeting. Present at the meeting were National Awakening Party

Chairman Muhaimin Iskandar, Prosperous Justice Party President Ahmad Syaikhu,

Democratic Party Chairman Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY), and National Mandate

Party Chairman Zulkifli Hasan. NasDem Party Chairman Surya Paloh was absent and

was represented by Secretary General Johnny G Plate and Waketum Ahmad Ali.

Likewise, Acting PPP Ketum Muhammad Mardiono was not present represented by

Waketum Amir Uskara. Meanwhile, Ketum Gerindra Prabowo Subianto and the

Gerindra elite were not present. However, Airlangga said, the Gerindra Party agreed

with the agreement of the 7 political parties present.

According to Airlangga, there were five points of agreement agreed by party

leaders. First, they reject the closed proportional system and commit to maintaining

democratic progress in Indonesia that has been carried out since the reform era (Budiatri

et al., 2018). The closed proportional electoral system is a setback for democracy. On

the other hand, the open proportional election system is a manifestation of democracy

based on people's sovereignty, where the people can determine the candidates for

legislative members nominated by political parties (Kansil & Haga, 2023). We don't

want democracy to go backward," Airlangga said. On the second point, 8 political

parties agreed that an open proportional electoral system was the right choice. This

system is also by the Constitutional Court decision Number 22-24 / PUU-VI / 2008 on

December 23, 2008 (Katili & Latuda, 2022). "The open proportional system that has

been implemented in three elections and a lawsuit against jurisprudence will set a bad

precedent for Indonesian law and is not in line with the principle of nebs in idem,"

Airlangga said. Third, the KPU continues to carry out its duties as an election organizer

by maintaining its neutrality and independence by laws and regulations (Saufiah, 2022).

The fourth point, eight political parties appreciated the government for budgeting the

2024 election budget and for election organizers, especially the KPU to continue to

carry out the stages of the 2024 election as mutually agreed. "Fifth, we are committed to

competing in the 2024 elections healthily and peacefully while maintaining the unity

and unity of the nation to maintain political, security, and economic stability,"

Airlangga said. Responding to the closed electoral system, AHY said from the

beginning the Democratic Party rejected the closed proportional system because it

deprived the people of their rights. Closed elections, according to him, are like bringing

back elections by choosing cats in sacks. "I want to underline, first do not let any

people's rights in this democratic life be taken away, if there is a closed election, then

the people cannot directly elect their representatives," AHY said after the meeting. He

also hopes that the proportional open system can continue to be implemented by the

current law. AHY also said that a closed proportional system or voting for party names

could certainly undermine the enthusiasm of cadres.

On the other hand, Executive Director of the Institute for Democracy and

Strategic Affairs (Indostrategic) Ahmad Khoirul Umam said the resistance was directed

at operations to restore the closed proportional system. "The move by eight factions in

Senayan that are compact to reject the implementation of a closed proportional system

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is a form of open resistance to the operation of returning a centralized system of power,"

Umam told Kompas.com, Monday (01/09/2023). As for what is meant by a closed

proportional system, political parties submit a list of candidates arranged by sequence

number. Later, the sequence number will be determined by political parties. Through a

closed proportional system, each political party provides a list of candidates with

several more than the number of seats allocated to one constituency (Dapil). In the

process of voting with a closed proportional system, voters only choose political parties.

On that basis, eight political parties flatly refused. The eight political parties include

Golkar Party, Gerindra, Nasdem, National Awakening Party (PKB), Democrats,

Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), National Mandate Party (PAN), and United

Development Party (PPP). On the other hand, the discourse of a closed proportional

system has paved the way for some government and opposition political parties to

express the same rejection stance. Of all the opponents, PKS and Democrats have the

status of government opposition groups who now have the same attitude, namely both

reject the discourse of a closed proportional system being realized. According to Umam,

the urgency of the closed proportional system succeeded in consolidating government

and opposition political parties to unite against the forces that support the discourse.

In addition, Umam also considered that the rejection of these eight political parties

could present public pressure or political pressure on the political-legal operations that

are running to realize a closed proportional system. However, he said, the similarity of

attitudes would be easily broken and attacked if the commitment of the eight political

parties was not solid. In the end, the agreement of eight political parties on the rejection

of a closed proportional system could fail miserably. At this point, Umam said, the

independence of the Constitutional Court (MK) and the solidity of the eight political

parties are at stake. "If the Constitutional Court's ruling can be hijacked by the appetite

for power, then the Constitutional Court's ruling comes out in February 2023 for

example, then it will disrupt all stages, preparations, and internal strategies of political

parties towards the 2024 elections," said Umam. Umam also explained that the

implementation of an open proportional system is a step to modernize the party system.

An open proportional system is considered to have the essence that the people must

understand whom their representatives are sitting in parliamentary seats. Thus,

legislators are required to be truly representative and can be evaluated by their voters.

"That is, a closed proportional system will only deprive the people of the right to have

their representatives accountable," he stressed.

The rolling issue of a closed proportional system to be applied to the 2024

election began with the steps of six people who filed a lawsuit for judicial review of

Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections to the Constitutional Court. This lawsuit

has been registered in the Constitutional Court with case number 114/PUU-XX/2022.

The six plaintiffs are Demas Brian Wicaksono (applicant I), Yuwono Pintadi (applicant

II), Fahrurrozi (applicant III), Ibnu Rachman Jaya (applicant IV), Riyanto (applicant V),

and Nono Marijono (applicant VI). The petitioners filed a lawsuit against Article 168

paragraph (2) of Law Number 7 of 2017. The article stipulates that the election of

Attitude-Based Coalition Towards Policy-Driven Policies "Coalition: Eight Parliamentary

Parties And An Open Proportional System In The 2024 Elections

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1169

members of the DPR, provincial DPRD, and district/city DPRD is carried out with an

open proportional system. From this lawsuit, the petitioners asked the Constitutional

Court to replace the open proportional system which is considered contrary to the 1945

Constitution and has caused multidimensional problems such as money politics. For this

reason, the petitioners want the Constitutional Court to be able to replace the open

proportional system with a closed proportional system. Golkar Party Chairman

Airlangga Hartarto stated that the open proportional system that has been implemented

since the 2004 election is one form of Indonesian democracy. "Where the people can

determine the candidates for legislative members nominated by political parties, we

don't want democracy to go backward!" said Airlangga when conveying his rejection

attitude with several other political parties at the Dharmawangsa Hotel, South Jakarta,

Jakarta, Sunday (01/08/2023). Meanwhile, Chairman of the Democratic Party Agus

Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY) said the discourse of replacing the open-to-closed

proportional system was like buying a cat in a sack. According to him, a closed

proportional system will deprive the people of their right to choose candidates for

legislative members. This is because voters can only vote for political parties and cannot

choose candidates for legislative members who will sit in Parliament. "Do not let any

people's rights in this democracy be taken away," AHY said in the same place. "If there

is a closed electoral system, then the people cannot directly elect their representatives.

Even though we want everyone to exercise their rights and not like buying a cat in a

sack," said AHY.

In addition, President Joko Widodo or Jokowi is rumored to have given directions

to the Constitutional Court abbreviated as MK so that elections are decided with a

closed proportional system. But later Jokowi denied the issue. According to him, both

closed and open proportional systems are party businesses. "Ndak, ndak, ndak. I am not

the chairman of the party," Jokowi said, at Ice BSD, Tangerang, Friday, February 17,

2023. Jokowi is indeed economical in talking about his attitude toward the issue of

closed and open proportional election systems. However, according to the head of state,

both systems have their advantages and disadvantages. It left the matter to the party

parties. "Please choose. That's the party's business," Jokowi said. The issue of changing

the electoral system from open to closed proportional began in November 2022. PDIP

Demas Administrator Brian Wicaksono and five colleagues submitted a judicial review

to the Constitutional Court. The lawsuit is about several articles in the Election Law or

Law. Among others, regarding the election of members of the legislature with an open

proportional system in Article 168 paragraph 2. Demas said the open proportional

system is ugly. He gave an example, candidates for legislators of one party will follow

each other to get the most votes. In addition, there is a high possibility of money

politics. He said experienced cadres are often defeated by cadres with popularity and

large capital. "Experienced party cadres often lose to candidates who have popularity

and large capital," Demas told Tempo on Thursday, January 12, 2023.

Furthermore, to agree to reject the closed proportional system proposed by PDIP,

eight DPR faction parties then held a meeting at Dharmawangsa Hotel, South Jakarta,

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Sunday, January 8. They are the Democratic Party, Justice and Welfare Party or PKS,

NasDem Party, United Development Party or PPP, Golkar Party, Gerindra Party (absent

but expressed stance), National Awakening Party or PKB, and National Mandate Party

or PAN. Here are some statements from eight parties that expressed their opposition to

closed proportional elections, summarized by Tempo. co.

1. Golkar Party

After the meeting, Chairman Airlangga Hartarto read out five points of agreement

from political party leaders. Expressing opposition to the closed proportional system,

the Coordinating Minister for the Economy reflected. "Blackpink's Lisa went home on a

kopaja until the house immediately washed the rice," Airlangga said. "That's why to use

an open proportional system because people's choice is a priority."

2. MCC

Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) president Ahmad Syaikhu said his party along

with seven other parliamentary parties remained in its stance of rejecting the closed

proportional system. He even said that PKS had submitted itself to the Constitutional

Court as a Related Party in the lawsuit for judicial review of the Election Law." If it is

necessary to go to the President, we will be together. These 8 parties will remain

together," Syaikhu said at the DPP PKS Office, South Jakarta, Friday, January 20, 2023.

3. Democratic

The Jakarta Democratic Party's Legal and Security Agency (BHPP) asked the

Constitutional Court to reject the request for judicial review of the Election Law.

According to the party led by Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono aka AHY, closed

proportionality makes the public do not know the quality of legislative members.

Because it is the political party that determines who sits as a representative of the

people. This is feared to strengthen the dominance of political party elites in

determining people's representatives. "The closed proportional system is like buying a

cat in a sack because the decisive thing is the political party," said the Head of the

Jakarta Democratic BHPP, Yunus Adhi Prabowo, Tuesday, January 17, 2023.

4. NasDem Party

The Central Leadership Council or DPP of the NasDem Party firmly rejects

changes to the closed proportional electoral system. This refusal is evidenced by

NasDem's attitude to submit itself as a Related Party in a lawsuit for judicial review of

the Election Law. The application for NasDem as a Related Party was represented by

Hermawi Taslim as Deputy Secretary General of the NasDem Party and Secretary of the

Regional Leadership Council (DPW) of the DKI Jakarta NasDem Party Wibi Andrino

who is also a member of the DKI Jakarta Provincial DPRD.

5. PAN

PAN Secretary General Eddy Soeparno responded to the issue that Jokowi had

given directions to the Constitutional Court so that the election was decided with a

closed proportional system. He emphasized that PAN rejected closed proportionality

and wanted elections to use the previous system, open proportional. "We reiterate, yes,

that we want the election to remain an open proportional system because that is the will

Attitude-Based Coalition Towards Policy-Driven Policies "Coalition: Eight Parliamentary

Parties And An Open Proportional System In The 2024 Elections

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1171

of democracy that we have implemented for several periods," Eddy said when met after

attending the PPP Harlah at ICE BSD Tangerang, Friday, February 17, 2023.

1. PKB

PKB Chairman Abdul Muhaimin Iskandar aka Cak Imin also emphasized that his

party rejects the discourse of a closed proportional system in the upcoming 2024

elections. "PKB is in a position to reject (the closed proportional system)," he said, on

the sidelines of the Child Protection Petition Signing event held in front of Sarinah

Building, Central Jakarta, Sunday, January 8, 2023. His party considered that the closed

proportional system cut the competition rights of election participants. Moreover, he

continued, the determination to change the open proportional system to a closed

proportional was carried out in a short period before the election was held. "Time is

already very short, cutting the right of democratic competition. If closed proportionality

is chosen four years before the election, it may be normal, but this is one year before the

election," he said. As quoted by ANTARA.

2. PPP

PPP Deputy Chairman Arsul Sani emphasized that his party was still the same as

the agreement of seven parliamentary political parties. That is to reject the closed

proportional election system. Arsul denied reports that his party had changed its stance

in favor of closed proportionality. "What is clear is that because the material is currently

being tested in the Constitutional Court and PPP together with seven other factions have

expressed their views (rejecting closed proportionality)," said Arsul, Monday, February

20, 2023.

3. Gerindra Party

The Gerindra Party also firmly rejected the closed proportional system applied in

elections. Although not present in person at the meeting of eight chairmen of political

parties, the Gerindra Party supports the use of an open proportional system. "Our Ketum

(Prabowo Subianto), in the inauguration of the Office of the Presidential Election

Winning Body has also conveyed the same thing, that Gerindra for the principle of

justice and openness also refuses closed proportionality because let the people choose

their representatives, not parties," Gerindra Party Daily Chairman, Sufmi Dasco Ahmad

told reporters on Monday, January 9, 2023.

Conclusion

Based on the findings obtained, it can be concluded that the coalition established

between the eight parliamentary political parties is based on the calculation factor of

each political party which considers that the application of an open proportional system

tends to be more rational, provides benefits and is considered more effective in helping

efforts to win the 2024 election. In addition, the formation of a coalition between eight

parliamentary political parties in rejecting the change in the electoral system from being

originally open proportional to re-implementing closed proportional is also inseparable

from the three factors that determine a coalition as proposed by William Gamson. First,

the initial distribution of resources factor in which all coalition participants will

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 4, No. 8, August 2023 1172

calculate opportunities that are considered more rational to take by tending to favor

those who are seen as having the largest or most decisive resources. Second, the reward

factor is obtained where coalition participants will calculate the choice of the coalition

that is considered to provide the maximum return or benefit. While the last is the

decision point factor (decision point) which is considered the most effective based on

the strength of the resources owned by each coalition participant.

Attitude-Based Coalition Towards Policy-Driven Policies "Coalition: Eight Parliamentary

Parties And An Open Proportional System In The 2024 Elections

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