UTILIZATION OF BATIK CREATIVE ECONOMY POTENTIAL
ANALYSIS IN INNOVATION TO INCREASE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE PEOPLE OF KUDUS
REGENCY
Johan Sutarjo
Semarang State University
Email: [email protected]
*Correspondence:
[email protected]
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INFO
ARTICLE |
ABSTRACT |
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The Indonesian state is a country that
has a lot of potential local wealth as a nation, that potential can be a
factor to advance the creative economy in Indonesia including batik,
handicrafts, and others. The potential of batik in Indonesia is also found in
Kudus Regency which has a very large variety of potentials to be developed, one
of which is the creative economic potential of batik. This study has
objectives for 1). To find out the creative economic potential of batik in
the community of Kudus Regency, 2). To find out how to increase the
comparative advantage of the creative economy of batik in the people of Kudus
Regency, and 3). To find out the impact of the increase in the creative
economy of batik in the community of Kudus Regency. This research uses a
qualitative approach. Data collection in that approach can be done by means
of observation, documentation, & direct interviews with the owners of
Batik Muria & Alfa Shoofa. The results in this study show that: 1) The
creative economy of batik in the community of Kudus Regency has great
potential that can be developed so that it can compete, with unique &
different motifs. 2) How to increase the comparative advantage of the batik
creative economy in Kudus Regency, namely with the help of the government
that supports the development of the creative economy in Kudus by providing
guidance & training. 3) The impact of the potential creative economy of
batik in the community of Kudus Regency which includes creating jobs,
preserving Kudus culture, plagiarizing many motifs, which is increasingly
rampant imitation batik. |
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Keywords: Batik Creative Economy; Innovation;
Comparative Keywords: Batik Creative Economy; Innovation; Comparative |
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Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International |
Introduction
The Indonesian state is a country that has a lot of local
wealth as a nation
(Sopanah, Bahri, Ghozali, & SH, 2020). This can be seen from the rich biodiversity as well as art
& culture. The potential of local wealth owned by Indonesia can be a factor
to grow the creative economy (Sari
et al., 2020). The creative economy
relies on human resources for the main capital, especially in the process of
creation, creativity, expertise, & individual talent.
Indonesia has a great opportunity to be able to increase
national economic growth through the development of the creative economy.
Business actors in the field of creative economy, positioning most of all
economic activities of the Indonesian people. Indonesia will experience a
demographic bonus until 2035, where until 2030 the number of people of
productive age is predicted to be above sixty percent & twenty-seven
percent, including the younger generation who have the age of sixteen to thirty
years. The young Indonesian population has the potential to become
entrepreneurs & workers who have creative talents & are able to drive
economic, social, & cultural dynamics. This opportunity is boosted by the
number of regions & regions that have great resource potential but have not
been developed properly.
One of the new alternatives driving the national economy, the
creative economy sector supports the creation of use value in domestic products
& the development of creative services that can support the economic growth
of the Indonesian state.
Regional economic development in every region in Indonesia is
not the same, the resources owned can influence the process of regional
economic development. Finding competitors global competitiveness, each region
is asked to compete to create advantages between regions as an effort to
improve the community's economy.
The development of people's lives can be followed by the
development of the will to live, economy, & population. The wishes of the
community can be realized in the pattern of human life.
Sociologically, the creative economy allows the people of a
nation to be sovereign, valued, and to appreciate the wisdom of local renewal.
In addition, humanistically, with a creative economy,
it can liberate a nation free from colonization of renewal & adaptive to
change so that it can avoid a sense of saturation & cessation of renewal.
Job vacancies & productive businesses will be created until unemployment
can be minimized. Spatially, the creative economy can minimize urban &
rural development & socio-economic development gaps.
Public awareness is the most important part of the growth of
the creative economy
(Septiyana et al., 2020). Many of us don't know
each other & know the creative economy. In general, people only understand
the results of crafts as works that can express culture & culture and be
sold. How the benefits that can be immediately felt, how big the obstacles are,
and how to appreciate the efforts that can be made by creative economy actors
have not become the fourth society at its right.
Judging from the geoeconomic & georegional view that is
integrated with the demographic situation, it appears that the number &
distribution of the population of the Indonesian state is a vital capital in
the development of the creative economy. The population is an asset to
appreciate the products of the creative economy in the country. Ideally, each
region creates a creative economy based on its own specifications &
regional characteristics. If this step can be realized, what can be done is to
organize its accessibility & effectiveness, until there can be a multiplier
effect on regional economic growth.
The government must grow awareness in the community, so that
they can appreciate, recognize, & explore the various potential capital of
creativity that belongs & exists in the community itself. Fundamentally,
being creative is important. It is equally important to make creativity in
people's lifestyles, because creativity can be used will overcome various
obstacles. Public awareness that can be realized through appreciation of all
the potential of the creative economy that will increase transactions in the
creative economy.
Daniel II Phink in the book "What is the Creative
Economy", which has been explained again by the Ministry of Trade of the
Republic of Indonesia said that in the era of creativity, if we have an
advanced desire we can complete expertise in our technology, to reach a high
level of concept & high touch. High concept is a skill to create artistic
& emotional, recognize patterns & opportunities, create a beautiful
description & can produce findings that have not been felt by others. High
touch is a skill at empathizing, knowing the essence of human interaction,
& finding meaning.
The Indonesian state has a lot of creative economic potential
such as batik, handicrafts, architecture, and others.
There are so many works of art that have become a commodity
of the creative economy that has been born from society, namely batik
(Listiyaningrum, Rustiana, & Saeroji, 2020). Batik is one of the creative economies that can drive the
national economy & one of Indonesia's artworks that until now is still
famous & continues to be used & the use of batik can develop not only
as a fabric but is used for various household purposes which has a follow-up
impact on other industries widely. Batik is a craft that has a high artistic
value & has become part of the State of Indonesia. This batik tradition was
originally a tradition passed down from ancestors, but along the way, batik in
Indonesia has experienced rapid development. The types, motifs, &
techniques of making batik are slowly starting to develop quickly.
The potential of batik in Indonesia in its development
continues to grow & develop & increasingly plays a major role as part
of socio-cultural life or as an industrial business.
Table 1
List of Creative Economy in Kudus District
|
No |
Center
Name |
Location |
|
1 |
Embroidery Center |
Ds. Padurenan, Ds. Karangmalang,
Ds. Janggalan |
|
2 |
Convection Center |
Ds. Klumpit, Ds. Padurenan, Ds. Karangmalang |
|
3 |
Knife Center |
Ds. Hadipolo, Ds. Tenggeles |
|
4 |
Holy Carved Gebyok |
Ds. Janggalan |
|
5 |
Tofu and Tempeh |
Ds. Ploso |
|
6 |
Leatherette Goods |
Ds. Singocandi, Ds. Krandon |
|
7 |
Tile |
For Papringan, for Ngembalrejo, Ngembalkulon |
|
8 |
Bricks |
For Papringan, for Ngembalrejo, Ngembalkulon |
|
9 |
Bag |
Ds. Gulang, Ds. Loram Wetan |
|
10 |
Tumbu Sugar |
Ds. Kandangmas |
|
11 |
Birdcage |
Ds. Megawon |
|
12 |
Kudus Batik Center |
Ds. Karangmalang, Ds. Gribig, Ds. Langgardalem |
In addition to the existence of Kretek City, this
cigarette-producing city has the largest number in Indonesia, Kudus Regency
also has cultural wealth. Kudus Regency is also a fairly large area that has a
variety of potentials that are so great to be developed, including the
potential of the batik creative economy
(Farih, 2019). In the era of 1935 Kudus
batik has developed forward in the 1970s. The patterns & motifs of batik in
Kudus are very diverse because at that time Kudus batik craftsmen came from
ethnic Chinese descent & indigenous craftsmen. Kudus Regency has batik that
can compete with other cities. Compared to the beauty of batik from Solo,
Yogyakarta, and others, Kudus batik is indeed marginalized, but as the era of
Kudus batik began to highlight the advantages of batik. The area of this batik
craftsman center is the malang coral area & gribig. The existence of being
able to compete, alternative solution strategies for various problems that will
be faced by the batik industry.
In this regard, the author has the inspiration to conduct
research, with the title "Utilization of Batik Creative Economy Potential
Analysis in Innovation to Increase Comparative Advantage in the People of Kudus
Regency".
Based on the background above, the author formulates problems
that will be the focus of the research, namely: 1). Implementation of the
creative economic potential of batik in the community of Kudus Regency, 2). How
to increase the comparative advantage of the creative economy in the people of
Kudus Regency, and 3). The impact of an increase in the creative economic
potential of batik in the community of Kudus Regency.
Thus it is clear the formulation of the problem of this
research to be carried out: 1). What is the potential of the creative economy
of batik in the community of Kudus Regency?, 2). How to increase the
comparative advantage of the creative economy of batik in the people of Kudus
Regency?, and 3). How is the impact of increasing the creative economic
potential of batik in the community of Kudus Regency?.
The purpose of the study is the formulation of sentences that
show the existence of everything that belongs after this research is completed.
Based on the above problems, the objectives of the problem are: 1). To find out
the creative economic potential of batik in the people of Kudus Regency, 2). To
find out how to increase the comparative advantage of the creative economy of
batik in the people of Kudus Regency, and 3). To find out the impact of the
increase in the creative economy of batik in the community of Kudus Regency.
The achievable benefits associated with the proposed research
are: 1). Theoretical Benefits: Theoretically this research is expected to bring
benefits to enrich the treasures of science and 2). Practical Benefits: In
practical terms, this research is useful in making contributions that have
strategic value for economic practitioners.
Research
Methods
In this study, it has used a
descriptive study, namely research that has the aim of describing a situation (Tohirin, 2013). This
research approach uses qualitative because it examines information,
information, & symptoms from a result of the observation process during
this study regarding the matter "Utilization of Batik Creative Economy
Potential Analysis in Innovation to Increase Comparative Advantage in the People
of Kudus Regency".
The author pegged a place in the
study in Batik Muria Kudus & Alfa Shoofa Kudus. If the data owned is not sufficient at that
time, the research will be extended. The subject of this study is the owner
& employee of the Batik Muria Kudus & Alfa Shoofa Kudus business in Karangmalang
Village, Gebog, Kudus & on Jl. Raya Barat Gribig 178 Kudus 59333, Central Java.
The determination to focus on this
research is intended to: (1) Limit the results of the study, and (2) Meet the
results of the criteria that have been entered or have issued new information
that can be obtained from the field (Moleong, 1994).
The existence of this focus determination is very clear, researchers can also
make good decision results from the data needed to be collected and which other
data needs to be separated, although the data is indeed compelling but not so
relevant in a way of reducing from the data.
In this research, it has also been
centered on a problem of planning, organizing systems, implementation in
research. The focus on this research is then explained again through several
questions below: 1). What is the creative economic potential of batik in the
community of Kudus Regency?, 2). How to increase the comparative advantage of
the creative economy of batik in the people of Kudus Regency?, and 3). How is
the impact of increasing the creative economic potential of batik in the
community of Kudus Regency?.
The data that has been collected
through research is certain data with the focus of research, namely the Use of
Analysis of the Creative Economy Potential of Batik in Innovation to Increase
Comparative Advantage in the People of Kudus Regency. The types of data in this
study have been divided into 2, namely: primary & secondary. The primary
data has been possessed of the verbal form & action of the subject
(informant). Expert opinion from Moleong in 1994 which can emphasize that the
characteristics of primary data are the form of words or words orally, as well
as the behavior of humans. Meanwhile, secondary data is sourced from several
documents and photos that have been used to complement the primary data.
Secondary data characteristics are photos, images, recordings, & writings.
Establishing an informant is used
as a source of data that already uses purposive techniques. The use of this
technique is based on an understanding that a researcher is more willing to
sort out – milah an informant who is considered to
understand and can also be trusted to be a source of data that has been good
& can explain the problem in depth the expert opinion of Sutopo, (1988).
The data collection technique is to
try to get information media or reality that is correct and accountable. Data
collection is the main stage in this study, because only by obtaining the data
that has been obtained can a research process take place when a researcher
obtains an answer to the problem formulation that has been applied, expert
opinion from Sarwono in 2006 p. 123. Thus, without knowing the data collection
techniques, a researcher will not obtain sufficient data from the standards
that have been imposed. In this study, a researcher has carried out data
collection techniques, including observation, documentation, and interviews.
Data collection technique is a
process of procurement of primary and secondary data obtaining more accurate
data, so that the results in the study will be in accordance with the goals
that have been set. With another intention for data collection has the purpose
of obtaining data that has been adjusted research objectives. There are several
techniques already selected for data collection in schools as follows.
Observation
|
Muria Batik Kudus |
Alfa Shoofa Holy Batik |
|
|
|
One observation can be carried out
in this study with the aim of obtaining information and data directly from the
research site. The observation technique is an observation that will be carried
out deliberately, regularly overwriting a social event with psychic symptoms to
be subsequently carried out in the recording process, Subagyo
(2006: 63). According to the opinion of an expert named Sarwono
(2006: 224), observation activities that include a process of systematic
recording with the presence of an event, behavior, & object that can be
viewed as well as something else needed in completing this research that will
be carried out.
In this study, observations can be
made directly. Thus a researcher is an outsider who can research the Utilization
of Batik Creative Economy Potential Analysis in Innovation to Increase
Comparative Advantage in the People of Kudus Regency. In other terms, it is a
non-participatory researcher, namely a researcher who is not directly related
or does not participate during the activity process, a researcher only observes
the activity process, Sukmadinata (2009: 220).
The
author's observations were used to find valid data on the creative economic
potential of batik in increasing the competitive advantage of the people of
Kudus Regency in Batik Muria Kudus & Alfa Shoofa Kudus.
Interview
|
Muria Batik Kudus |
Alfa Shoofa Holy Batik |
|
|
|
Both interviews can be used by a
lawyer to obtain information from the interviewee, Arikunto
(2010:198). Therefore, according to Subagyo (2006:
39), an interview is an activity that has been carried out to obtain
information directly by asking several questions to respondents. Interviews
have meaning if we are dealing directly with interviewers and respondents,
& the activities can be used in an oral way.
An interview is a conversation in
question, which can be used by both parties, namely between the interviewer
& the interviewee (Moloeng, 1994). The purpose of
this being done by the interview was to get the construction that took place about
a seriousness & recognition of expert opinion from Sonhaji,
1994.
The stages in the implementation
with several interview techniques include: At the first stage a researcher must
ascertain who the interviewees are. In the study, it will determine the informant
who is the key, namely the batik party.
At this stage, a researcher needs
to prepare several drafts of temporary questions that can be related to the
desired subject matter and expressed through interviews based on the research
focus.
In the third stage, use the
interview process and establish so that the interview can run well. Some of the
questions that are addressed are of a general nature in comfortable
circumstances, and while obtaining important information, respondents are given
the opportunity in a free way to organize their own course of thought, then a
question has been focused on something that will later be expressed in line
with the focus of his research by sticking firmly to some carefully prepared
questions. In order for an interview to run productively, a researcher must
work extra hard to keep it well so that the assessment is always reviewed on a
piece of information by giving respondents the opportunity to express the
necessary information.
In the fourth stage, pause the
interview process after a researcher has obtained the desired information and a
respondent has looked tired. And in the end, a researcher's conversation will
immediately make a summary and trace back to the respondents whether what a
respondent said is true or not or perhaps a respondent wants to add the
information that has been shared with him.
The
interview technique carried out in this study is a structured interview, namely
an interview in which the interviewer sets his own problems & questions to
ask, about the potential of the creative economy of batik in increasing the
competitive advantage of the people of Kudus Regency in Batik Muria Kudus and
Batik Alfa Shoofa Kudus.
Documentation
|
Muria Batik Kudus |
Alfa Shoofa Holy Batik |
|
|
|
The three documentations try to
trace data on things that can be in the form of agendas, lengger,
meeting minutes, and others Arikunto (2010: 274). The
techniques in this documentation will be used to collect information about the
events that will be recorded in the picture that can show evidence of an
activity. There are 2 categories of photos that can be used qualitative
research, namely photos that have been produced by people & researchers
themselves.
The document materials that will be
used as sources of documentation in this study are data on information about
the Use of Batik Creative Economy Potential Analysis in Innovation to Increase
Comparative Advantage in the People of Kudus Regency. The results of the
documentation will then be completed or support the data from the results of
observations and interviews.
This technique is used to obtain
secondary data to complete data that has never been obtained through
observation and interviews. Primary data is data obtained directly from a
respondent through the interview process, while secondary data is data that has
been carried out to help complete primary data which includes, among others,
archives and documentation from bound agencies.
In checking the validity of data,
which is basically the most vital part and can no longer be separated from
qualitative research. In carrying out data examination which will be based on 4
criteria, namely certainty, expertise, dependence, & degree of trust (Moleong, 1984).
In the credebility of data
examination that can be carried out by: (1) Extension techniques in the
participation of the research process at the batik field location, (2)
Perseverance of a researcher in carrying out the process of an observation that
is so deep, (3) Triangulation by utilizing something else outside of the data
to check or a comparison to some of the data that has been obtained, (4) In the examination by friends through the
sharing system, (5) Conducting an analysis on negative cases is so conspicuous
with data for comparison sources, (6) The adequacy of reference materials as a
medium in the form of a tool that holds data – power that has aligned with
written criticism for evaluation needs, (7) Examination of members related to
the data collection process.
In this qualitative research transferability
will be achieved "detailed description". This technique leads a
researcher to be able to provide a report of the results of his research so
that it can be described that needs to be done as carefully as possible and as
smartly as possible that has been described from the place in which the
research was carried out. The description in the report is obtained by
specifically stating what is needed by the reader to know some of the findings
will be possessed, the discovery itself is not part of a complete description
but rather the interpretation can be spelled out complete with all the
accountability that has been based on a real event.
On the dependability that exists in
qualitative research called reliability. In qualitative research, the concept of
broad dependence is therefore rather than reliability, because it replicates a
wholeness of the reality under study, a design that can be seen from data, as
well as some views of the working hypothesis that will be able to emerge. To be
able to boost a dependence on this study, a researcher will make repeated
observations of one of the contexts as well as to be convincing in his
expertise.
On confirmability in quantitative
research we usually call "objectivity". In qualitative research, we
will be able to see whether the data that can be obtained is objective or does
not depend on the approval of people to a perception, as well as findings. If
it is agreed that people can be said to have an objective nature, but for the
suppressor it remains on the data.
Of the 4 criteria for the validity
of the data, the first criterion, namely credibility, is the main factor and
the triangulation technique has actually been able to measure the validity of
the data, considering that the steps that have been aimed at the triangulation
technique can also be reflected in certainty, dependence, &
transferability. Moleong (1994) has emphasized that the triangulation technique
that is often used is the examination of other sources. The opinion of an
expert named Denzin who has been quoted by an expert named Moleong (1994) there
are 4 types of triangulation as a data examination technique, namely
Triangulation by utilizing the use of sources and comparing – comparing and
checking credibility.
Triangulation with the way to take
advantage of the use of methods by checking the credibility of an informant's
trust has been obtained through certain methods, for example comparative
observation – compare the results of interviews.
Triangulation utilizes researchers
by comparing the work of one researcher with others. Triangulation with some
utilizing theory is carried out by comparing – logically compare theories that
can boost and encourage data and information that has been obtained and needed.
Trianggulasi Data Source Documentationon Noon Morning Time Validity Test Business Owner Observation Technique Interview Credibility Test
Grafic 1
Test Validity Data
In data analysis techniques from an
expert opinion named Usman (2014: 84), namely analytical activities that
categorize data to obtain interconnected patterns, themes, interpreting what is
meaningful, and others. According to the opinion of an expert named Subagyo
(2006: 106) data analysis techniques are activities to utilize data so that
truth or truth can be obtained from a hypothesis.
Qualitative data analysis, which is
an effort is carried out by working with data, organizing data, choosing into
units to be managed, synthesizing it, tracing and obtaining what patterns are
very important and what needs to be learned, and being able to decide what to
get and tell humans, Bognan and Biklen (in Moleong, 2007: 248).
Based on the definition of an
expert, it can be concluded that the main step of data analysis is to collect
existing data, compile it regularly & systemically, and then expose the
results of the research to humans. From the results of this study will be
analyzed in a good way so that the conclusions obtained will be good as well.
The process of analyzing the data to be carried out systemically and
synchronously, starting from a process of data collection, conclusions &
interpretation.
In this study, the data collected
can be analyzed in a descriptive way. Data that can be gradually collected data
will then be selected, between data that meets the criteria or does not match
the material from the study. Then the aligned data is analyzed and arranged
neatly into a form in the form of research.
The following is a scheme of
qualitative data analysis expressed by an expert named Miles & Huberman
(Usman 2014:88).
Data Collection Data Reduction Serving Conclusion Drawing
Qualitative Data Analysis Scheme according to Miles and Huberman
In the data
analysis technique in the study will apply a model from the qualitative
research of Miles & Huberman. Data analysis consists of 3 activity
pipelines together, which include reduction, data presentation, & drawing
conclusions.
Results and
Discussion
Implementation
of the Creative Economy Potential of Batik in the Community of Kudus Regency
The creative economy is a new wave
of economy that has been born since the 21st century. This new economic wave
prioritizes knowledge as wealth that can create money, jobs, prosperity &
income.
Batik is one of the proofs of
reality from the results of a creative human creativity of the Indonesian
state. Batik for cultural expression has a symbolic meaning that starts people
to use it & has local wisdom in using each step in their lives. The
strength in the form of cultural values & the beauty of batik has been
ingrained in the people of Indonesia and even around the world to make batik a
part of their lives. Batik can be a source of pride & love for the people
in Indonesia to the nation & country and can establish interaction between
the local culture of the Indonesian State with other cultures within the scope
of the world.
Batik is developing well, and
market enthusiasm & market recognition for batik is getting higher, not
only in the older generation, but in young people. The movement to love batik
is also increasingly spreading & has succeeded in making Indonesian
identity because batik has its own uniqueness that will be implied by a
symbolic meaning & the value of the tradition in it, batik is a tradition
that exists in the community & has succeeded in increasing the sense of
pleasure & love for Indonesia, batik as a tool to unite the Indonesian
nation because of the high sense of belonging to the community to batik to make
the loss of boundaries regionality,
ethnicity, & religion.
Kudus Regency has batik production
that is no less than other cities. Among them are the work of Mrs. Yuli Astuti, namely Batik Muria Kudus & by Mrs. Ummu Asiyati,
namely Batik Alfa Shoofa Kudus. Kudus Batik has its
characteristic motifs. The motif comes from the culture and icon of the Holy
City. For example, batik that has the motif of the Holy Tower, Kretek Dance and
others. In addition to the iconic motifs, Kudus Batik also has its own
characteristics, namely the batik has a tight impression of the results of
canting scratches. Almost on each side of the fabric that will be painted is
not spared to be made. Especially in the between the motifs, there are motifs
to decorate the blanks on the fabric to be painted. How many kinds of batik
motifs that currently exist are able to steal the attention, both from Kudus
itself and from outside Kudus. In fact, not often tourists who visit from
abroad participate in putting their hearts on Kudus Batik.
As explained by the owner of Batik Muria Kudus above that the existence of a batik creative
economy in the Holy City has great potential by getting encouragement from the
Government through a program that requires employees to use Kudus batik, it is
proven that Kudus has batik that is not inferior to lain batik (Farih, 2019) . It is also a manifestation that Kudus batik
has the potential to be continuously developed. In fact, when batik was
legalized as the original cultural heritage of the Indonesian State by UNESCO
on October 2, 2009, the batik industry in Kudus increasingly experienced
significant development.
While in Batik Alfa Shoofa explained that the creative economy of Kudus batik
has high potential & can compete, Kudus batik has distinctive motifs that
others do not have. The selection of motifs that are indeed inspired by the
history & icons of the Holy City makes it unique for Kudus batik. It also
strengthens the official statement that Kudus batik has good potential, but on
the other hand the number of batik craftsmen in Kudus is still minimal.
How to
Increase the Comparative Advantage of Creative Economy in the Community of
Kudus Regency
The company is said to have a
competitive advantage when the company has something that is not owned by
competitors, carrying out something that other companies cannot implement.
Competitive advantage is an important need for the company's long-term success
and the continuity of life that is important for the company in the future.
Companies that have competitive advantages will be leaders in their markets
& can make above-average returns.
Then the researcher made
observations & interviews to several parties involved, it can be concluded
that in increasing comparative advantage. Comparative advantage is very
important to obtain, possess, maintain, & maintain for the sake of
long-term entrepreneurship from the company. Value that can be created in the
context of competing is something that consumers are looking for as well as low
prices, quality products, existing brands, & services. Value creation can
increase the value of a company as a whole with increasing market share &
sales can have an effect on increasing turnover.
Batik has been recognized as a
Representative of Intangible Cultures of Human Heritage from UNESCO, &
batik is considered to represent 3 dominant categories of intangible cultural
heritage: 1). Oral traditions & expressions, including language as a
vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage, 2). Social practices, rituals &
festive evens, and 3). Traditional craftsmanship (Miranti, Lilik, Winarni, & Surya, 2021).
From the results of a study carried
out by the author, Batik Muria Kudus in overcoming the outside environment
often introduces Kudus batik outside the city / inner city. Even Batik Muria
often goes out of town to participate in exhibitions or fill out talk shows to
show Kudus batik. In developing ways of market expansion, companies must find
special ways to obtain comparative advantages. Because network expansion is
very necessary to be carried out, especially for the business world which has a
big goal in developing its products to the global arena, for its products to be
better known by the wider community.
Meanwhile, Alfa Shoofa
Batik in showing Kudus batik by providing education to the surrounding
community & typical Kudus motifs. Many of the motifs produced by Alfa have
been patented. In addition, the optimal form of service to Alfa Shoofa Batik consumers is the most important. The provision
of exceptional services provides a competitive aspect. The perceived quality of
service is the result of an evaluation process where customers compare their
views to the service & the results, with what they want.
To create a product that has
advantages, it takes employees who have quality, loyal, & honest. Quality
human resources are the main drivers in the company. If a business is run by
leaders & employees who have quality, then the company will be able to
develop & run its business effectively & efficiently.
From the results of a study carried
out by the author, Batik Muria Kudus is specifically carried out for success in
developing human resources (Ulya, 2016). The six
criteria include innovative, creative, diligent, honest, disciplined, &
responsible. When this is creative & innovative is needed for the company
as a factor to boost existence within the company, while perseverance, honesty,
discipline & responsibility really need to be applied, considering that
nowadays the honest side is getting thinner, then the six criteria must be
owned by the company's operations, & if one of those criteria does not
exist, then the company is difficult to reach competitively.
In addition, the results of
research carried out by the author with Batik Alfa Shoofa,
that in a business without competent human resources is one of the barriers to
competition. HR training within the company determines the company's expertise
in the face of competition, training & development is an important part for
Alfa Shoofa, because it can improve the skills,
abilities, & knowledge of employees. Because for this time it is very
important to respond to a change, therefore it is necessary to carry out an up date to various new abilities & knowledge.
Training is an effort to improve
the knowledge & expertise of employees in doing their work effectively
& efficiently. Quality human resources are not enough if you want our
company to be able to survive for a long time. Employee loyalty to the company
is one of the important conditions in this case. The success of an
organization, whether large or small, is not determined by existing human
resources, but is largely determined by the quality of HR that has the role of
planning, doing, & controlling the bound organization. If employees have
such a strong emotional connection with the company, then they will strive to
provide the best for the company. Without any emotional attraction between
employees & companies, employees only work just to carry out their obligations.
They'll just work to find a monthly salary, & after that, it's done.
Basically, every company wants to
be superior to its competitors. Companies that are constantly striving to
improve performance & catch up have a better chance of being in a position
than competitors. Many factors need to be considered in order to achieve the
competitive advantages of a company. Innovation, technological development,
& competitive advantage have a more complex relationship. When a new
product becomes a strategic requirement, a company must be able to improve
technology, knowledge, & updates to obtain new ideas. Market orientation as
one of the organizational cultures will make the company more sensitive to its
external needs. Apart from the demands of market orientation, renewal can be
used as a strategy for why competitive advantage. Thus companies are required
to choose & set strategies that can be carried out to survive in the
competition.
Innovation can have meaning as a
creative & interactive process in knowledge development activities, skill
utilization, & use of experience that has the aim of creating products to
provide added value both economically and socially for users of that product (Winarso, 2019).
Innovation in today's business
world is not only popular, but has generally been seen as an absolute
necessity. Various reasons are the cause, including the higher level of
education of product users which in turn causes them to be more selective in
buying the various products they want.
The Impact
of Increasing the Creative Economy Potential of Batik in the Community of Kudus
Regency
The creative economy is a sector
based on creativity that has used ideas & knowledge for important inputs to
create an innovative creative work & product with added value that will be
higher & have competitiveness (El Hasanah, 2015). The
influence of the creative economy of batik is not only viewed from the economic
field, but can have a social effect on society, because through a creative
content obtained with the packaging of moral & cultural values that give
positive things to be obtained to increase the sense of social tolerance in
society along with increasing appreciation for society for its culture.
As explained by Batik Muria above, the existence of the creative economy of batik
in Kudus has a significant effect on the surrounding area. This is in the form
of employment, but on the other hand there are also obstacles, namely it is
increasingly difficult to find workers who pursue batik.
In addition, from the results in
the research of batik writer Alfa Shoofa that in the
batik business that is run has an effect on the absorption of labor that can
indeed be felt by employees. Because from interviews with existing employees,
the dominant comes from the area around batik. By working at Batik Alfa they
can drop off & pick up their children to school, not for example in the
factory. In addition, it has an effect on imitation batik, which is currently
on the rise. This presents an obstacle for the producers of original written
batik. Daubaraite and Startiene
in the book entitled "Utilization of Batik Creative Economy Potential
Analysis in Innovation to Increase Comparative Advantage in the People of Kudus
Regency". The influence of the creative economy can be through these 8
impacts: 1). The creative economy can reduce the unemployment rate in the
State. The increasing role of the creative economy in an economy could lower
the country's unemployment rate, 2). The growth of the creative economy adds
value to the contribution in GDP. The growing creative economy could boost the
growth of contributions to GDP, 3). The creative economy can encourage the
growth of a country's exports. Improving the quality and quantity of creative
economy products produced can increase exports of creative economy products,
4). One of the most important influences of the creative economy on the economy
of society is that the creative economy provides an opportunity for society to
participate in the process of developing the creative economy, 5). The creative
economy can have an impact on improving social and cultural development in
society, 6). The result of increasing output produced by the creative economy
can have an impact on improving the quality of life of the community, 7). The
essence of the creative economy is based on the ability of society to provide
added value to products. This provides more opportunities for young people who
have creative ideas to be developed. So this can increase the employment
opportunities of young people, and 8). The last part of the influence of the
creative economy lies in the socioeconomic influence of the creative economy on
society it self.
Conclusion
The
creative economy of batik in the people of Kudus Regency has great potential
that can be developed to be able to compete, with unique & different
motifs. Where the Kudus batik motif is made based on the history or icon of the
city of Kudus. For example, tower motifs, parijoto, kretek dance, & others.
In addition, the role of the government is also proof that Kudus batik has
local attractions & potentials that can be developed in efforts to protect
local culture. However, the obstacle at this time is the very minimal Kudus
batik craftsmen. How to increase the comparative advantage of the batik creative
economy in Kudus Regency, namely with the help of the government that supports
the development of the creative economy in Kudus by providing coaching &
training. Dinas provides convenience in terms of business licensing, patents
the motives it can create, & provides convenience in providing capital
loans to all MSME business actors in Kudus. In addition, the department also
continuously dispatches MSME actors to participate in exhibitions outside the
city, namely Kudus batik MSMEs. The impact of the creative economic potential
of batik in the community of Kudus Regency, among others: 1). Creating job
vacancies, 2). Preserving the culture of Kudus & improving the image of the
region, 3). Multiple plagiarizing motifs, & 4). The increasing prevalence
of imitation batik.
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