p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4202
Selection of Flour Suppliers as the Main Ingredient of Onion
Crackers Using the Interpretive Structural Modeling Method
and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique
Adli Ghallib
1
, Fitriani Surayya Lubis
2*
, Anwardi
3
, Harpito
4
, Melfa Yola
5
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
1
2
*
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: ISM method,
smart method, supplier
selection, supply chain.
Raw materials are very important because raw materials are
something that will determine whether the products
produced are good and by the wishes of consumers or not,
so it is necessary to pay attention to the provider of raw
materials, namely the supplier of raw materials. The purpose
of this research is to be able to find out the best suppliers by
relying on the criteria that are the key criteria. In this study,
the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Simple
Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) methods were
used. The ISM method is useful for sorting out the criteria
used so that it is obtained only in the form of key criteria
while the SMART method is useful for determining the best
supplier based on the existing key criteria. The results of this
study are obtained from 9 key criteria out of 12 criteria used,
namely quality criteria, delivery of goods, price of goods,
communication system, control in operation, service
improvement, attitude, packaging ability, and geographical
location. The supplier that has the highest criteria based on
the key criteria used is Sinar Terang supplier with a score of
0.5895 followed by Cece (0.555), Av (0.555), Aroma
(0.5305), Harapan (0.5155), and finally Laris (0.4005).
Introduction
Fierce competition to get consumers in the trading business makes entrepreneurs
have to find ways to be able to produce the best products that can be in demand and by
the wishes of the community. The success of being able to attract public interest is
inseparable from various factors such as marketing strategies, packaging, product quality,
and so on. This is the key to the success of a business in marketing its products. No wonder
many trade entrepreneurs pay great attention to all aspects related to products, one of
which is related to raw materials.
Raw materials are important because raw materials are something that determine
whether the products produced are good and by consumer desires or not. The quality of
the products produced certainly also affects product sales. This is the reason why raw
Selection of Flour Suppliers as the Main Ingredient of Onion Crackers Using the Interpretive
Structural Modeling Method and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4203
materials are very important because they are one of the determinants of the company's
sustainability so it is known that the supply chain system is one of the things that affects
the future of the company (Hilary & Wibowo, 2021).
The supply chain can be interpreted as a process or activity carried out to obtain
raw materials from suppliers which is followed by the process of adding functions and
values to raw materials so that they turn into semi-finished materials or finished goods.
This indicates that the selection of the supply chain is the first step in determining the
success of a product after it is produced. Of course, many criteria need to be considered
in the selection of the supply chain, such as the quality of the materials supplied. Choosing
the right supplier or supplier who has good quality materials will produce good quality
products and vice versa. (Yusuf & Soediantono, 2022).
In addition to the quality of raw materials, another thing that needs to be considered
in choosing a raw material supplier is the price of raw materials. Price is one of the things
that must be considered well because the price will affect several aspects such as sales
activities and profits that will be achieved by entrepreneurs. (Nasution, 2019). In general,
the quality of a product will be directly proportional to the price offered, just as good
quality of raw materials will make the raw materials expensive. A good distribution
system is the distribution of goods to the destination in good condition and the absence
of quality changes during the distribution process. This proves that location is also
important in determining suppliers. The remote location of raw material purchases will
also affect the production time. Some of these obstacles often occur in companies when
determining the supplier to be chosen. (Alfianti et al., 2021). The method that can be used
to get the best supplier choice is the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method,
which is processed by the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method.
The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method is a method or a modeling
technique that is useful for providing specific opinions on the criteria contained in an
analyzed system. This method can prove the relationship between each criterion
contained in the system and also select criteria that play an important role in the system
so that it can form a good policy. The use of the ISM method makes it easier to analyze a
problem that has many existing criteria. The final result of this ISM method is the
grouping of existing criteria according to the value of the driven power and the level that
has been obtained so that it can be converted into the final model of the ISM method,
namely the conical matrix. (Rifaldi et al., 2021).
The results of the ISM method are in the form of key elements or criteria that are
useful as a reference in selecting suppliers. In the selection of suppliers, the Simple Multi-
Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method is used which is a method used to be able
to make a decision that has more than one criterion and each criterion has a value and
weight to the existing decision. The existing criteria will make it doubtful to choose the
right decision because the choice of the existing decision does not always have the
entirety of the criteria needed. In simple terms, the SMART method works by analyzing
the responses from voters, responding to and also making decisions on the responses
Adli Ghallib, Fitriani Surayya Lubis, Anwardi, Harpito, Melfa Yola
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4204
given by the decision voters. This method is often used because of its simple use and also
has results that are considered quite good (Amalia & Ary, 2021).
Method
Design, place, and time
The research was conducted on Jalan Sekolah, gg. Cork, Rumbai is at the
production location of the 'Chilo' onion cracker trading business. The research starts from
the beginning of February to April, which includes observation of the place and the
collection of data necessary for the research to be carried out.
Types and methods of data collection (survey)/research stages (laboratory)
The data collection stage is carried out by distributing two types of questionnaires,
namely ISM and SMART questionnaires. The SMART questionnaire is given after
obtaining the results from the ISM method because the SMART questionnaire contains
the key criteria obtained from the ISM method. The number of respondents used in this
study was one person, namely the owner of the onion cracker trading business 'Chilo'.
This is because the requirements of the respondents used are parties who have full
knowledge of all aspects in the case study used, namely onion crackers 'Chilo' so that the
most appropriate respondents are the voters of the business. Other data is obtained only
through interviews with business owners.
Data processing and analysis
Data processing begins by changing the questionnaire data that has been collected
into a table also called the Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) so that it will make
it easier to process the next data. The stage continues with the change of SSIM data into
data that only consists of numbers with values of 1 and 0 (binary numbers). The changed
data is continued by conducting a transparency test to determine the relationship between
the criteria and other criteria in a wider scope. The process continued by analyzing the
data from the results of the transitivity test to find out the quadrant of each criterion where
the position of the criterion determines whether the criterion is a key criterion or rejected.
The final stage is the creation of criteria levels and the final model of ISM in the form of
a display of criteria arranged according to the level.
The results of the ISM method in the form of key criteria will be continued in the
SMART method where the initial process is to weight and normalize each of the existing
key criteria. The next stage is to take into account the utility value of each supplier based
on all criteria where the data used is from the results of the SMART method questionnaire.
The results of the utility value of each criterion will be multiplied by the normalization
value that has been obtained previously so that the final result is in the form of a score
owned by each supplier.
Results and Discussion
ISM Method
The ISM method is used to sort out the criteria used so that it will produce key
criteria. In this study, the criteria used amounted to 12 out of 23 Dickson criteria used.
Selection of Flour Suppliers as the Main Ingredient of Onion Crackers Using the Interpretive
Structural Modeling Method and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4205
Data Collection
In this study, the data used at the beginning of the processing process is the data
from the ISM questionnaire. The ISM questionnaire contains statements related to the
comparison between each criterion used. There are a total of 66 statements in the
questionnaire.
Table 1
Structural Self-Interaction Matriks (SSIM)
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
K1
A
V
V
X
O
A
A
O
V
A
A
K2
V
O
O
A
A
X
O
V
O
A
K3
O
O
A
A
A
A
V
A
O
K4
O
A
O
O
A
V
A
O
K5
O
A
O
O
V
X
A
K6
V
X
X
V
O
O
K7
X
O
V
V
A
K8
X
V
V
O
K9
X
O
O
K10
A
O
K11
O
K12
In Table 1, it can be seen that the results of the questionnaire have been changed to
a table where the comparison criteria are in the row (horizontal) while the comparison
criteria are in the column (vertical). The symbols used in Table 1 are VAXO symbols,
each of which represents the following:
(1) Symbol V, a symbol used to indicate that the criteria in row i affect the criteria
in column j but the criteria in column j do not affect the criteria in row i. (2) Symbol A, a
symbol used to indicate that the criteria in row i does not affect the criteria in column j
but criterion j affects the criteria in column i. (3) The symbol X, A symbol used to indicate
that criterion I and criterion j both affect each other. (4) The O symbol, a symbol used to
indicate that criteria i and j do not affect each other (Munawir et al., 2022).
Initial Reachability Matriks
At this stage, the SSIM data that has previously been obtained will be changed to
binary numbers, namely values 1 and 0. This change intends to be able to find out the
comparison of which criteria affect other criteria and vice versa, which criteria do not
affect other criteria. The results of the initial reachability of this matrix also help to be
able to find out the value of the driver power and dependence later.
Table 2
Initial Reachability Matriks
I/j
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
K1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
K2
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
K3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
K4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
K5
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
Adli Ghallib, Fitriani Surayya Lubis, Anwardi, Harpito, Melfa Yola
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4206
K6
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
K7
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
K8
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
K9
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
K10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
K11
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
K12
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
In Table 2, it can be seen that all cells contain values consisting of values of 1 and
0. The rules for changes contained in the initial reachability matrix are as follows:
(1) V symbol, if the symbol in the cell is the V symbol, then the rule is that the
value 1 will be filled in the row and the column will be filled with 0. (2) Symbol A, if the
symbol in the cell is symbol A, then the rule is that the value 0 will be filled in the row
section and the value 1 will be filled in the column section. (3) X symbol, if the symbol
in the cell is the X symbol, then the rule is that the value 1 will be filled in the row section
and the value 1 will be filled in the column section. (4)
O symbol, if the symbol in the cell is the O symbol, then the rule is that the value 0
will be filled in the row and the column will be filled with 0 (Oktavia et al., 2019),
(Yurianto, 2022).
Trans visibility Testing
Transvivity testing is carried out to determine the relationship between criteria and
other criteria, for example, criterion A is related to criterion B, criterion B is related to
criterion C, and then indirectly criterion A is related to criterion C. (Munawir et al., 2022),
(Oktavia et al., 2019). The test was carried out on all cells that had a value of 0 only.
Table 3
Transvivity Test
I/J
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
K1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
K2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
K3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
K4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
K5
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
K6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
K7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
K8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
K9
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
K10
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
K11
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
K12
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
As can be seen in Table 3, 35 pairs of criteria can be tested for transitivity so that
it can be stated that the 35 pairs have a relationship.
Matriks of Crossed Impact Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC)
J
I
Selection of Flour Suppliers as the Main Ingredient of Onion Crackers Using the Interpretive
Structural Modeling Method and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4207
The results of the translucency test will be continued at the stage of making the
Matrix of Crossed Impact Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC). The
creation of the MICMAC model will make it easier to know which criteria can be used
as key criteria. At this stage, driver power and dependence values are needed from each
existing criterion. The driver power value is a value that determines the degree of
influence of one criterion on other criteria, while dependence determines the degree of
dependence of a criterion on other criteria. Here are the driver power and dependency
values of each criterion:
Table 4
Driver Power Values and Dependence Criteria
Criterion (K)
Driver Power
Dependence
K1
7
9
K2
11
6
K3
3
11
K4
3
11
K5
7
8
K6
11
6
K7
11
6
K8
11
7
K9
10
11
K10
6
12
K11
7
9
K12
10
1
The driver power value is obtained from the sum of the total results of the
translucency test in the rows of each criterion and the dependence is obtained from the
sum of the total results in the columns of each criterion. (Barus & Syahbudi, 2019). These
values are used to create MICMAC where coordinates are used according to the driver
power and dependence values,
Figure 1 Micmac Model
Adli Ghallib, Fitriani Surayya Lubis, Anwardi, Harpito, Melfa Yola
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4208
In Figure 1, it can be seen that there are 4 quadrants, namely autonomous,
dependent, independent, and linkage. The information from the four quadrants is as
follows:
(1) Autonomous quadrant, this quadrant characterizes criteria that have weak driver
power and dependency values. (2) Dependent Quadrant, this quadrant characterizes
criteria that have weak driver power values and high dependence. (3) Independent
Quadrant, this quadrant characterizes criteria that have a high driver power value and
weak dependence. (4) Linkage quadrant, this quadrant characterizes criteria that have
high driver power and dependency values (Barus & Syahbudi, 2019).
The criteria that can be used as key criteria are those in the independent quadrant
and linkage because the criteria in the quadrant have a high driver power value, which
means that these criteria are very influential. It can be seen that 9 criteria can be used as
key criteria, namely quality criteria, delivery of goods, price of goods, communication
system, control in operation, service improvement, attitude, and geographical location. In
the case of the 10th criterion, the impression criterion, the reason the criterion is not used
as a key criterion is because the criterion does not have enough driver power values to
cross the boundary line between the dependent quadrant and the linkage so the criterion
is rejected.
Level Partitionary
This partition level process is the process of determining the level of each criterion
so that it is known which criteria are the most dominant according to the level.
Table 5
Level Partitionary
Criterion
Reachability
Set
Antecedent Set
Intersection
Set
Level
K1
1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10,
11
1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
1, 5, 9, 11
III
K2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12
2, 6, 7, 8, 9
VII
K3
3, 9, 10
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12
3, 9, 10
I
K4
4, 9, 10
1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12
4, 9, 10
I
K5
1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10,
11
1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11,
12
1, 5, 11
IV
K6
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
2, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10
VII
K7
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12
2, 6, 7, 8, 9
VII
K8
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12
2, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10
WE
K9
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11
1, 2, 3, 4, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10,
11
V
Selection of Flour Suppliers as the Main Ingredient of Onion Crackers Using the Interpretive
Structural Modeling Method and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4209
K10
3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12
3, 4, 6, 8, 9,
10
II
K11
1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10,
11
1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
1, 5, 9, 11
III
K12
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,
8, 10, 11, 12
12
12
VIII
The determination of the level in Table 5 of Level 1 is by paying attention to the
reachability value of the lowest set and the antecedent value of the highest set. The
reachability set is the same as the power driver value and so is the antecedent set the same
as the dependency value while the intersection set is the cross of the two sets.
ISM Final Model
The results of the partitionary level are then modeled which will later become the
final model of ISM. Here is a model from ISM, namely:
Figure 2 Final Model of ISM
SMART Method
The SMART method is used to obtain the final results and ranking of each supplier
that will be tested based on the key criteria that have been obtained.
Weighting and Normalization of Key Criteria
The criteria used in this method will be weighted and normalized to determine the
level of influence of each criterion on the selection of suppliers based on the business
owner's point of view.
Table 6
Weight and Normalization Criteria
Criterion
Weight
Normalization
Quality
15
0,15
Adli Ghallib, Fitriani Surayya Lubis, Anwardi, Harpito, Melfa Yola
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4210
Shipping of Goods
15
0,15
Price
15
0,15
Communication System
5
0,05
Criterion
Weight
Normalization
Controls in operation
15
0,15
Service Improvement
10
0,1
Attitude
8
0,08
Packaging Capabilities
10
0,1
Geographical Location
7
0,07
Total
100
1
Alternative Assessment
Alternative assessments were obtained from the results of the SMART method
questionnaire given to trading business owners as respondents. In the questionnaire,
owners are asked to be able to give a score from 1 to 5 to each supplier based on the key
criteria that exist [11].
Table 7
Alternative Assessment Criteria
Supplier
Value
Quality (K1)
Freight Forwarding
(K2)
Price of Goods (K3)
Communication
System (K4)
Control in
operation (K5)
Service
Improvement (K6)
Attitude (K7)
Packaging
Capability (K8)
Geographic
Location (K9)
Bestselli
ng
4
4
4
4
2
4
3
3
4
Aroma
4
4
4
4
4
3
5
3
3
Of
5
3
5
2
4
3
3
5
3
Sinar
Terang
5
4
3
3
3
3
4
5
4
Hope
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
5
3
Cece
5
3
2
4
3
4
5
4
2
Min
4
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
Max
5
4
5
4
4
4
5
5
4
Utility Value Calculation
The calculation of utility value is carried out to be able to find out the level of
satisfaction received by business owners for each supplier based on the key criteria that
exist. (Dhamija et al., 2020), (Dul Hapid et al., 2020). The calculation of the utility value
using the formula is as follows:
(1)
Information:
UI (ai) = Value of the ith criterion
Selection of Flour Suppliers as the Main Ingredient of Onion Crackers Using the Interpretive
Structural Modeling Method and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4211
Cmax = Maximum Value of the i-th Criterion
Cmin = Minimum value in criterion i
Cout = Alternative Value of the ith Criterion
Table 8
Utility Value Calculation
Supplier
Value
Quality (K1)
Freight Forwarding
(K2)
Price of Goods (K3)
Communication
System (K4)
Control in
operation (K5)
Service
Improvement (K6)
Attitude (K7)
Delivery Ability
(K8)
Geographic
Location (K8)
Bestselling
0
1
0,67
1
0
1
0
0
1
Aroma
0
1
0,67
1
1
0
1
0
0,5
Of
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0,5
Sinar
Terang
1
1
0,33
0,5
0,5
0
0,5
1
1
Hope
0
0
0,67
0,5
1
1
0,5
1
0,5
Cece
1
0
0
1
0,5
1
1
1
0
Final Score Calculation
The final value is obtained from the product between the normalization value of the
weight and the utility value of the criteria. (Hidayat & Diartono, 2024). The formula for
calculating the final value is as follows:
(2)
Information:
u(ai) = Total Value of the ith Alternative
Wj = Normalization Value of Criterion i
Uj(Aj) = Utility Value of the ith Criterion
Table 9
Final Score Results
Criterion
Weight
Normaliz
ation
Value
Supplier
Bestsel
ling
Arom
a
Of
Sinar
Teran
g
Hope
Cece
Quality
0,15
0
0
0,15
0,15
0
0,15
Controls
in
operation
0,15
0,15
0,15
0
0,15
0
0
Shipping
of Goods
0,15
0,1005
0,1005
0,15
0,0495
0,1005
0
Adli Ghallib, Fitriani Surayya Lubis, Anwardi, Harpito, Melfa Yola
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4212
Communi
cation
System
0,05
0,05
0,05
0
0,025
0,025
0,05
Controls
in
operation
0,15
0
0,15
0,15
0,075
0,15
0,07
5
Service
Improvem
ent
0,1
0,1
0
0
0
0,1
0,1
Attitude
0,08
0
0,08
0
0,04
0,04
0,08
Delivery
Capability
0,1
0
0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
Geographi
cal
Location
0,07
0,07
0,035
0,035
0,07
0,035
0
Final Score
0,4005
0,5305
0,55
0,5895
0,5155
0,55
5
Ranking
6
4
3
1
5
2
The results in Table 9 show that the supplier with the highest final score is the bright
light supplier with a score of 0.5895 which shows that the supplier has an advantage in
all key criteria compared to other suppliers.
Conclusion
Based on the research that has been conducted, there are 9 out of 12 criteria that are
the key to determining the best supplier in supplying the main raw materials for the 'Chilo'
onion cracker business, including quality, delivery of goods, price of goods,
communication system, control in operation, service improvement, attitude, packaging
ability, and geographical location. All the key criteria obtained were used in determining
the best supplier and it was found that Sinar Terang's supplier was the most superior
compared to other suppliers with an accuracy value of 0.5895. The ranking was followed
by supplier Cece with a score of 0.555, Av with a score of 0.55, Aroma with a score of
0.5305, Harapan with a score of 0.5155, and the last order was Laris with a score of
0.4005.
Selection of Flour Suppliers as the Main Ingredient of Onion Crackers Using the Interpretive
Structural Modeling Method and Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4213
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