p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4561

The effectiveness of Google Forms in assessing and evaluating

online learning outcomes: Meta-analysis study

Andi Abdurrahman Manggaberani

1*

, Andi Muhammad Darlis

2

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

1

, IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka

Belitung, Indonesia

2

Email: [email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

Keywords: effectiveness

google forms;

assessment & evaluation;

meta-analysis.

The use of Google Forms as a learning tool in certain

subjects is massively used in several schools because of its

efficiency. This research aims to identify, classify, and

observe literature, synthesize several studies that have been

carried out, analyze the contributions that have been made,

and propose related research updates. This study uses a

methodology supported by a research approach,

documentation, and procedural models from systematic

literature review and data analysis using quantitative and

qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of

this study show the effectiveness of Google Forms on the

assessment and evaluation of student learning outcomes,

which from the table has proven that there are 36 studies

(90%) that agree that the use of Google Forms has a positive

or effective influence on success in assessing and evaluating

learning outcomes. This conclusion underscores the

importance of digital marketing in the modern technology

era. Digital marketing allows businesses to effectively reach

global audiences through social media, SEO, and content. In

this study, it was seen that a good digital strategy can

increase brand awareness and customer loyalty. By utilizing

proper data analysis, companies can optimize their digital

marketing campaigns for better results. In conclusion, digital

marketing is the key to winning the competition in an

increasingly competitive market.

Introduction

The development of technology is something that is often discussed by the

academic and scientific community in its combination with education, the combination

of the two has an important role in developing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of

students. One of the uses of technology or Information, Technology, and Communication

(ITC) in the world of education is Google Forms. ITC provides facilities that are easy and

accessible to students of various levels of education (Mawardi & Budiningsih, 2023).

There are a small number of studies or studies investigating the effectiveness of

Google Forms as a tool in assessing and evaluating learning outcomes, but the average

Andi Abdurrahman Manggaberani, Andi Muhammad Darlis

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4562

results of these studies have a small effect because they have a small sample size,

according to (Setiawan & Phillipson, 2019) a small research sample size cannot be used

to generalize the effects of variables (Google Forms), to address this problem, there is a

need for a further research effort investigating the effectiveness of Google Forms as a tool

for assessing and evaluating learning outcomes. Meta-analysis studies to develop a better

estimate of the magnitude of the Google Forms effect. This meta-analysis study was taken

because this study is a type of retrospective observational study where the researcher

makes a recapitulation of the data without manipulating it.

(Nurfadillah, 2023) PT. Mulia Karya Inovasi said that Google Forms is a product

of many Google products. It is an application for creating web-based forms and collecting

answers online. Google Forms allows users to create online forms to enter data, such as

surveys, questionnaires, questionnaires, or sign-up form sheets. Google Forms can create

and send surveys or questionnaires to students or others, and can also collect such

information easily and efficiently. Google Forms also has an auto-correction feature that

can score the answers to questions in the questionnaire. This feature makes the

questionnaire in Google Forms a supporting tool for learning process activities.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, learning and teaching activities can only be

carried out online. The use of Google Forms as a learning tool in certain subjects is

massively used in several schools because of its efficiency. The use of Google Forms in

learning activities provides impact and benefits in terms of effectiveness, efficiency,

attractiveness, and display design. For teachers, it is very helpful to have a Google Form

in terms of cost, time, and energy. The students themselves, become more interested,

enthusiastic, and active and do not become negative.

It is undeniable that Google Forms itself has its drawbacks, according to (Karaman,

2011) the lack of supervision from the instructor indicates that students can easily cheat

in answering quiz questions, there are several ways to minimize this action by giving time

limits to students in answering each question item. Another thing that must be taken into

account by the test maker is that the availability of a stable internet connection also needs

to be taken into account.

In recent years there has been a considerable increase in various research related to

the competencies that future teachers must achieve to utilize ICT in teaching There is no

doubt that technology is changing the purpose and direction of education (Van de

Oudeweetering & Voogt, 2018). However, it should be noted that this study aims to

identify, classify, and observe the literature, to be able to synthesize some of the research

that has been carried out, analyze the contributions that have been made, and propose

related research updates. In this sense, this systematic review study has the main objective

of identifying the main themes and contributions that have been reported in scientific

articles on the use of Google Forms in the period 2017-2022. This research focuses on

the assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes using Google Forms.

The effectiveness of Google Forms in assessing and evaluating online learning outcomes: Meta-

analysis study

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4563

Method

The study uses a methodology supported by a documentation research approach

and a procedural model of a systematic literature review with topics that are appropriate

to the effectiveness of Google Forms in the assessment and evaluation of learning

outcomes. In this study, we will examine the effectiveness of Google Forms in learning

outcome assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes. Article eligibility criteria. Data

analysis uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. After the focus

of the research becomes clear, a simple research instrument will be developed, which is

expected to complement the data and compare the data that has been found previously.

The data collection technique will use documentation techniques. The population

in this study is all written documents regarding research that examines the use of Google

Forms in the assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes in journals published by

Garba Rujukan Digital (GARUDA). The written documents are in the form of 177 journal

articles and after being selected only 40 articles meet the criteria. The research sample

was taken using the Purposive Sampling technique. This is because the data or

information to be obtained from the sample is determined based on its suitability to the

theme of this research. The data analysis used is quantitative data analysis with

percentages and qualitative data analysis for the data from the narrative study of the

research encountered. Articles that will be involved in research are articles from research

that have the following criteria: 1) Articles published in the last 5 years; 2) Publication of

articles indexed in Garuda journals; 3) The research variable is cognitive. Affective and

psychomotor domains; 4) The research population is elementary, junior high school, and

high school, students and educators. There were 177 articles found initially related to

Assessment and evaluation using Google Forms. The articles were filtered and finally, 40

articles were selected that were eligible for analysis.

Table 1

The background information of reviewed articles

It

Authors

Publication

Language

Country

1

(Agustin Anggi et al.,

2017)

Indonesian

2

(D. Setiawan & Hasymi

Somaida, 2021)

Indonesian

3

(Badi’atul Azmina et al.,

2017)

English

Indonesian

4

(Nugroho, 2018)

Indonesian

5

(Radyuli et al., 2019)

Indonesian

6

(Amalia, 2019)

Indonesian

7

(Prabaningtias, 2018)

Indonesian

8

(Maulidiansyah, 2018)

Indonesian

9

(Kholis et al., 2020)

Arabic

Indonesian

10

(Thohir & Muslimah,

2020)

English

Indonesian

11

(Azis & Shalihah, 2020)

Indonesian

12

(Hadianti et al., 2021)

English

Indonesian

Andi Abdurrahman Manggaberani, Andi Muhammad Darlis

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4564

13

(Gusvita et al., 2020)

Indonesian

14

(Munawaroh et al., 2021)

Indonesian

15

(Hakim’s & Safi`i, 2021)

Indonesian

16

(Rahmadi, 2021)

English

Indonesian

17

(Hanafiah et al., 2020)

English

Indonesian

18

(Hariono et al., 2021)

Indonesian

19

(Nashrullah, 2021)

Indonesian

20

(Bafadal & Triansyah,

2020)

Indonesian

21

(Abdin et al., 2021)

Indonesian

22

(Masrur, 2020)

Indonesian

23

(Aryanti, 2021)

Indonesian

24

(Rohimat, 2021)

Indonesian

25

(Nainggolan & Rohman,

2021)

Indonesian

26

(Tausih & Marno, 2021)

Indonesian

27

(Utami, 2021)

Indonesian

28

(Nofitasari & Ahsani,

2020)

Indonesian

29

(Marifa et al., 2021)

Indonesian

30

(Ngafifah, 2020)

Indonesian

31

(Sibua & Amiroh, 2021)

Indonesian

32

(Nst et al., 2021)

Indonesian

33

(Krisnawati, 2018)

Indonesian

34

(Sahlani & Agung, 2020)

Indonesian

35

(Karollina et al., 2021)

Indonesian

36

(Sumbawa et al., 2022)

Indonesian

37

(Anggraeni, 2022)

Indonesian

38

(Rinaldi et al., 2022)

English

Indonesian

39

(Homework et al., 2021)

English

Indonesian

40

(Ardiansyah, 2020)

Indonesian

A total of 177 journals that published about the use of Google Forms as a tool in

assessing and evaluating learning outcomes at GARUDA were taken. After being selected

for the suitability for this research, 40 previous research journals apply Google Forms.

According to the data in the research journal, almost all research journal publications use

Indonesian, although 7 studies use English and 1 study uses Arabic as the publication

language of the research journal. And the entirety of the research journals are carried out

in Indonesia.

Results and Discussion

The study found that publications about the use of Google Forms in research have

increased in recent years. This systematic review was carried out during the period

between 2017 and 2022. The highest number of publications was found between 2020

and 2021. In this sense, the possibility of using Google Forms that year increased due to

the Covid 19 pandemic which implemented learning and teaching activities have to be

online.

The effectiveness of Google Forms in assessing and evaluating online learning outcomes: Meta-

analysis study

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4565

Figure 1 Number of publications on the effectiveness of using Google Forms in assessment

and evaluation

The following is an analysis and search of several bibliometrics from GARUDA

that researches Google forms and categories that are generally related followed by Online

Learning Assessment, Evaluation, and Assessment Instruments.

Table 2

Bibliometrik berdasarkan kata kunci

No

Keyword

Frequency

Presented

1

Online learning

assessment

12

30%

2

Evaluation

10

25%

3

Assessment instruments

4

10%

4

Effectiveness

3

8%

5

Application

2

5%

6

Development of Four Tier

Diagnostic Test

2

5%

7

Efficiency of Daily Test

1

3%

8

E-Learning

1

3%

9

Learning independence

1

3%

10

Mobile Based Assessment

1

3%

11

Inquiry Learning Model

1

3%

12

Daily repetition

development

1

3%

13

Self-assessment

1

3%

sum

40

100%

Meta-Analysis Based on Research Objectives

The objectives of the assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes using Google

Forms include: investigating, describing, and developing and improving. Based on a

study of 40 E-journal articles, the following data can be produced in the following table

3:

2

4

2

13

16

3

0

5

10

15

20

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Andi Abdurrahman Manggaberani, Andi Muhammad Darlis

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4566

Table 3

Research objectives in the assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes using Google

Forms

No

Research objectives

Frequency

Presented

1

investigation

18

45%

2

Describe

16

40%

3

Develop & improve

6

5%

sum

40

100%

Meta-analysis by population/sample

The population/sample used in the research on the assessment and evaluation of

learning outcomes using Google Forms which is the subject of the research is from

various circles from elementary education to higher education from several schools and

universities, but some do not take samples because the journals published are only in the

form of literature analysis. Based on a study of 40 E-journals on the assessment and

evaluation of learning outcomes using Google Forms, the people who were used as a

population/sample can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4

Population / Sample in the assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes using

Google Forms

N

o

Population / Sample

Frequency

Presented

1

SMP

12

30%

2

Student

7

18%

3

SMA

6

15%

4

SD

5

13%

5

Guru

4

10%

6

Teachers & Students

3

8%

7

None

3

8%

sum

40

100%

Based on Table 4, the population/sample in this reviewed article mostly uses junior

high school children (SMP) in literature study research, there are 12 studies (30%). The

application of research using research subjects at the junior high school level is widely

applied because of the ease of controlling research subjects. In the research subjects at

the junior high school level, respondents can easily follow instructions.

Meta-analysis based on research methodology and design.

Table 5

Methodology/Design in assessment and evaluation of learning outcomes using Google

Forms

No

Methodologies/Design

Frequency

Presentable

1

Qualitative Descriptive

21

52,5%

2

R&D

7

17,5%

3

Quantitative Descriptive

2

5%

4

Quasi Experimental

2

5%

5

survey

2

5%

6

Kuantitatif (Experiment)

1

2,5%

The effectiveness of Google Forms in assessing and evaluating online learning outcomes: Meta-

analysis study

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4567

7

Evaluative

1

2,5%

8

Classroom Action Research (PTK)

1

2,5%

9

Pre Eksperimental (one-shot case

study)

1

2,5%

10

Quantitative

1

2,5%

11

Mix Method

1

2,5%

sum

40

100%

Analyzing the methodology and design of the research that has been used, Table 5

provides information about the use of methodology and design in a very formative article.

From the initial review, it can be seen that 52.5% of the articles used qualitative

descriptive research, this indicates that half of the articles used qualitative descriptive

research. Then followed by Research & Development (R&D) 17.5%.

Meta-analysis of assessment and evaluation research results using Google Forms

Table 6

Hasil penelitian dalam penelitian penilaian dan evaluasi hasil belajar menggunakan

Google Forms

N

o

The results of assessment and

evaluation research using Google

forms

Frequency

Presented

Positive

1

Effective

17

42,5%

2

Usable

6

15%

3

Recommended

6

15%

4

Effective & High Interest

1

2,5%

5

Effective & smooth

1

2,5%

6

Positive influence

1

2,5%

7

Highly effective

1

2,5%

8

Very practical

1

2,5%

9

There is a significant influence

1

2,5%

10

useful

1

2,5%

Negative

11

enough

1

2,5%

12

Not effective enough

1

2,5%

13

Not yet maximum

1

2,5%

14

Less effective

1

2,5%

sum

40

100%

Tebel 6 has answered this research question about whether there is an influence of

the application of Google Forms in assessment and evaluation activities. The results of

this study can be seen in the effectiveness of Google Forms on the assessment and

evaluation of student learning outcomes, which from the table has proven that there are

36 studies (90%) that agree that the use of Google Forms has a positive or effective

influence on success in assessing and evaluating learning outcomes. Meanwhile, 4 other

studies (10%) stated that the use of Google Forms is still less effective.

Andi Abdurrahman Manggaberani, Andi Muhammad Darlis

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4568

Conclusion

The use of Google Forms as a learning medium has been well designed, and this

media will play an effective role in analyzing the results of student grades and also an

educational tool for students and educators (audiences). Then it makes it easier for

educators to carry out learning and assessment activities. With its appearance and use that

is quite simple and flexible, it can make students interested so that it helps students

understand the learning material presented. The flexibility is that it can be opened

anywhere they want, of course by using their gadgets. So that it can improve learning

outcomes for students. However, there are still often weaknesses in the use of this tool,

namely difficulties in accessing the internet and other problems that are often experienced

by students. It's a good idea before using the Google form tool, educators must ensure

that their students can use this tool in terms of its use and access to minimize students

who cannot use and run this Google form tool. The results of this meta-analysis research

like the results of other meta-analysis research have several limitations. First, the article

is only sourced from GARUDA which is a scientific paper based in Indonesia that

replicates if this meta-analytical study uses articles that are only relevant in Indonesia.

Secondly, this meta-analysis study is a synthesis of various kinds of nature research and

is not systematically the same as other studies, therefore, it cannot guarantee strong

conclusions. Third, the overall findings of the meta-analysis are often limited by the

quality of the main studies. Third, cultural influences, including various ethnic

backgrounds, are neglected.

Regarding the recommendations for research, from a perspective to advance the

development of new studies with a mixed methodological approach that provides

scientific knowledge, it is necessary to understand more holistically, the reality,

limitations, challenges, and trends regarding the evolution of the use of ITC i.e. Google

Forms in the process of learning and teaching activities in the context of assessment and

evaluation of learning outcomes and, at the same time, investigated studies related to ITC

and Google Forms, based on the context in which they were found. Other factors relevant

for the development of future studies include the opportunity to strategically analyze the

strengths, weaknesses, setbacks, and opportunities that higher education institutions

present in their educational models, with their pedagogical and technological innovation

processes, in the face of contemporary challenges of teacher training. Curriculum

management, technological facilities, and educational innovation strategies in social

technology education.

The effectiveness of Google Forms in assessing and evaluating online learning outcomes: Meta-

analysis study

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 4569

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