p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 9 September 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3532

The Effect of Negative User-Generated Content Reviews in

the Form of Testimonials on Interest in Visiting Borobudur

Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace

Wingkie Nusanti

Universtias Pelita Harapan, Indonesia

Email:

[email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

Keywords: negative

reviews;

interest in tourist visits;

indonesian historical

tourism.

Historical tourism in Indonesia, especially destinations such

as Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace,

has great potential to attract both domestic and international

tourists. However, negative reviews that come from user-

generated content in the form of testimonials are often a

factor that can affect the interest of tourist visits. This study

aims to analyze the impact of negative reviews on interest in

tourist visits to these historical destinations. This study aims

to evaluate the extent to which negative reviews affect

interest in tourist visits to three main cultural destinations in

Indonesia: Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, and

Ratu Boko Palace. This study uses a descriptive quantitative

method by collecting data through a survey of 58

respondents who have visited the three destinations. The

data was processed using SPSS software to test the validity,

reliability, and influence of negative reviews on the interest

of tourist visits. The results of the analysis showed that

negative reviews did not significantly affect the interest of

tourists visiting Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu

Boko Palace. All three destinations remain the top choice for

tourists, despite the negative reviews, mainly due to their

strong historical reputation and visual appeal. This study

concludes that negative reviews do not have a significant

influence on the interest in tourist visits to the historical

destinations of Borobudur, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko

Palace. Therefore, destination managers are advised to

continue to pay attention to negative reviews as evaluation

material but do not need to worry too much about the impact

on tourist visits.

Introduction

Indonesia is a country with an infinite wealth of historical value and every era leaves

a legacy both in the form of intangible values and a physical form that can be used by the

next generation (Putra et al., 2023). If divided into several eras, it has started since

prehistoric times which is estimated to have started since 100,000 years ago when homo

The Effect of Negative User-Generated Content Reviews in the Form of Testimonials on

Interest in Visiting Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3533

sapiens entered Indonesian territory and were found in Java (Setiyadi et al., 2022). The

next period is the period of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom which is estimated to have

started in 5 AD and ended in the 15th century, this period is period that gave birth to many

physical relics in the form of temples and inscriptions spread across the islands of

Sumatra, Java, Bali and Kalimantan (most in the provinces of Central Java, DI

Yogyakarta, and East Java). Next, is the period of the Islamic Kingdom where the Islamic

Kingdom existed in the archipelago since the 7th century, reached its glory in the 15th

and 16th centuries and there are still many works and sultanates that still exist today even

though they have no power since the establishment of the state of Indonesia (Wafiyah &

Wusko, 2023). The decline of the era of kingdoms and sultanates in Indonesia cannot be

separated from the colonial role of European countries, namely: Portugal, Spain, France,

and Britannia, and the most influential and long is the Netherlands because its colony

almost touches the entire territory of Indonesia today (Yusuf Perdana & Rinaldo, 2022).

The era of colonialism of European nations, especially the Netherlands, began to

gradually end in 1928 which was marked by the Youth Pledge, then the occupation of

Japan during World War II, until the formation of the state of Indonesia during the

Proclamation of Independence in 1945 (Oktavia, 2019).

The management of historical tourism in Indonesia has not been effective because

there are still historical tourism sites that have not had a positive effect on the surrounding

environment. (Tjilen et al., 2023). Examples are the Gunung Padang Site in Cianjur, West

Java, and the Liyangan Site in Temanggung, Central Java, where the two destinations

have not had a wide influence on the community in Cianjur Regency and Temanggung

Regency. Where the two destinations have not become trademarks for tourism in the two

districts (Ghoni & Soliha, 2022).

According to PT TWC ticket sales data, Borobudur Temple itself managed to attract

1.4 million visitors throughout 2023 with ten percent of them being foreign tourists. This

shows that Borobudur Temple has great potential considering that it has been hundreds

of years since it was discovered and restored. (Laeli & Prabowo, 2022). This potential

certainly needs to be maintained and developed, especially since Borobudur Temple no

longer exists in the seven wonders of the world which has more or less reduced its

reputation.

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which negative reviews affect interest in

tourist visits to three main cultural destinations in Indonesia: Borobudur Temple,

Prambanan Temple, and Ratu Boko Palace.

Research Methods

This type of research is a descriptive quantitative survey conducted by distributing

a survey to more than 50 Indonesian citizen respondents who have visited Borobudur

Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace (Sari et al., 2023). Then it was processed

using SPSS to test the influence of negative reviews on each destination.

Characteristics Respondent

Wingkie Nusanti

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3534

Figure 1

Figure 1 Most of the respondents, namely 29 people out of a total of 58 respondents

aged 22 to 29 years. This age group is productive and has the highest interest in traveling

among other age groups.

Figure 2

Figure 2 Frequency of travel of respondents in the last 2 years. Most respondents

have a fairly frequent frequency, namely five to eight times in the last two years. Only

five percent of respondents travel less than 3 times a year, and one percent travel ten or

more times a year. This is important to determine the credibility of the respondent.

The Effect of Negative User-Generated Content Reviews in the Form of Testimonials on

Interest in Visiting Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3535

Results and Discussion

Figure 3 Shows that Google is the most trusted site by potential travelers to get

reviews of a destination they are going to visit.

Figure 3 shows that most prospective tourists consider tourism journalists to be

more credible than other tourists who have visited a destination. However, 43.1 percent

of respondents considered that other tourists who were equally ordinary deserved to be

heard. (Faradita & Widjajanti, 2023). Although this number is not as much as those who

agree more with the credibility of professional journalists, it is still significant to conclude

that prospective tourists trust other tourists.

Statistical Testing of X and Y Variables

Table 1

Validity Test X

No Item

R Count

R table

Information

0,834

0,258

Valid

0,131

0,258

Invalid

0,562

0,258

Valid

Wingkie Nusanti

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3536

Based on the table above, it is known that as many as 1 question item has a value

of r calculation < r table 0.258 which means invalid, while as many as 2 other question

items have an r-value of > r table 0.258 which means valid and can be used in research.

Table 2

Uji Realibilitas X

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's

Alpha

N of Items

,041

Based on the output results above, it is known that Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.041

< 0.60. So it can be concluded that the question item in variable X is not reliable.

Uji Validitas Y

Table 3

Validity Test Y

No Item

R Count

R table

Information

0,422

0,258

Valid

0,688

0,258

Valid

0,577

0,258

Valid

Based on Table 3, it is known that all of the above question items have a value of r

calculation > r table 0.258 which means that the data is valid and can be used in research.

Uji Realibilitas Y

Table 4

Reliability Test Y

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's

Alpha

N of Items

-,115

a. The value is negative due

to a negative average

covariance among items.

This violates reliability

model assumptions. You may

want to check item codings.

Based on the output results above, it is known that Cronbach's Alpha value is -0.115

< 0.60. So it can be concluded that the question item in the Y variable is unreliable.

Determination Coefficient Test (R Square)

The Effect of Negative User-Generated Content Reviews in the Form of Testimonials on

Interest in Visiting Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3537

Table 5

Coefficient Test

Model Summary

Model

R Square

Adjusted R

Square

Std. Error of

the Estimate

,180

,032

,015

,64697

a. Predictors: (Constant), ulasan Negatif

Based on the table above, it is known that the value of the determination coefficient

or R Square is 0.032 or equal to 3.2%. This figure means that the negative review variable

simultaneously affects the tourist visit interest variable by 3.2%.

Simultaneous Test (Test F)

Table 6

Simultaneous Tests

ANOVA

Model

Sum of

Squares

Mean Square

Mr.

Regression

,784

1,874

,176b

Residual

23,440

,419

Total

24,224

a. Dependent Variable: Interest in Tourist Visits

b. Predictors: (Constant), Negative reviews

Based on the ANOVA table above, it is known that the Sig. The value is 0.176 >

0.05, so it can be concluded that negative reviews simultaneously do not affect the interest

of tourist visits.

Partial Test (t-Test)

Table 7

Partial Test

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Mr.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constan

1,795

,472

3,800

,000

Negative

reviews

,130

,095

,180

1,369

,176

a. Dependent Variable: Interest in Tourist Visits

Wingkie Nusanti

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3538

Based on the results of the test above, it is known that the value of sig. Is 0.176 >

0.05, so it can be concluded that negative reviews partially do not affect the interest of

tourist visits.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the statistical calculation above, negative reviews do not

affect the interest in tourist visits to the destinations of Borobudur Temple, Prambanan

Temple, and Ratu Boko Palace. This is because these three destinations have been the

pride of Indonesia, especially DIY and Central Java for a very long time. Based on the

results of the questionnaire, Borobudur and Prambanan Temples are always the main

destinations when tourists visit the Yogyakarta area and its surroundings. The two temples

are often part of their travel itinerary. Meanwhile, prospective tourists who continue to

visit the Ratu Boko Palace after reading negative reviews, are interested in the beautiful

scenery offered there. It can be said that the manager is quite lucky because of the big

name that has been owned by the three destinations for a long time. However, managers

should include regular destination review viewing activities in their work schedules, and

make a policy that any negative reviews, whether true or not, should be responded to and

considered as suggestions for managers. Then, every review and suggestion that is

successfully responded to and/or implemented will become a Key Performance Indicator

(KPI) for the relevant team.

The Effect of Negative User-Generated Content Reviews in the Form of Testimonials on

Interest in Visiting Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 9, September 2024 3539

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