p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 12 December 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6347
Intake Planning in Loma River, Tolikara Regency
Helen Gianditha Wayangkau1*, Amaliah Azis2, Alfian Adie Chandra3,
David4, Davy I. Robert Jansen5
Universitas Cenderawasih, Indonesia1,2,3,4,5
Email : [email protected]1*, [email protected]2,
[email protected]3, [email protected]4,
[email protected]5
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Raw Water;
River; Intake Building
The provision of clean water in Karubaga City has been
hampered by inadequate piping distribution networks,
forcing reliance on drilled wells in villages. This study aims
to address the problem of inadequate clean water facilities
by planning an effective water intake system for the Loma
River in Tolikara Regency. Using a combination of
quantitative and qualitative methods, the research analyzed
hydrological data, intake hydraulics, and the structural
stability of intake buildings. Results indicate that the Loma
Intake requires significant rehabilitation due to sediment
deposition, while the Palagi Intake needs an evaluation of
the pipeline network to improve flow pressure and
distribution. The study concludes that redesigning and
constructing efficient water intake systems is crucial to
meeting the community's clean water needs while mitigating
health risks from water pollution.
Introduction
Human life is inseparable from the need for water (Kılıç, 2020). Water is needed
to meet various needs, especially clean water or drinking water that is needed to ensure
human survival. Therefore, the provision of clean water needs to be sought both by the
government and the community itself. The clean water used must meet the requirements
both in terms of quantity and quality (WHO, 2022). Various technologies have been used
to provide and treat raw water in such a way that it meets the requirements of clean water
and drinking water (Darmasetiawan, 2004; Gabrielle et al., 2021). Law No. 7 of 2004
article 40 paragraph 1 states that the need for raw water for household drinking water is
carried out by developing a drinking water supply system (Pemerintah Pusat, 2004).
The need for clean water in the Mountainous Papua Province, especially Tolikara
Regency, continues to increase annually, driven by the rapid development of the region
(BPS Papua, 2021). To meet the clean water needs of residents in Tolikara Regency,
various water sources are currently utilized, including river water, shallow groundwater
(dug wells), deep groundwater (drilled wells), and rainwater (Direktorat Jenderal Sumber
Helen Gianditha Wayangkau, Amaliah Azis, Alfian Adie Chandra, David, Davy I. Robert
Jansen
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6348
Daya Air, 2013). The Loma River is one of the water sources relied upon by the
community for daily needs. However, a critical requirement for the community is a clean
water network. The raw water facilities and infrastructure in Tolikara Regency remain
incomplete; some installed systems face issues preventing them from adequately meeting
community needs (Aboagye et al., 2022; Gupta et al., 2021; Setyaninditha et al., 2021).
In addition, many water sources remain unutilized due to their remote locations, the
absence of pipeline networks, and the lack of water intake buildings. A raw water intake
building, constructed at a water source such as rivers, springs, or groundwater, is designed
to capture and provide water for drinking purposes. Given these challenges, conducting
an intake planning study is crucial to identify the optimal intake location.
This research addresses the critical problem of providing sustainable and efficient
clean water infrastructure in Tolikara Regency, with a focus on intake planning for the
Loma River. The existing intake facilities in the region are either damaged or insufficient,
such as the Loma Intake, which is buried in sediment and requires major rehabilitation.
Moreover, the current water distribution systems fail to adequately serve urban
populations, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluation and redesign.
The importance of this research lies in its potential to significantly improve the
quality of life for the Tolikara community by ensuring access to clean and safe water. By
employing both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study analyzes hydrology,
intake hydraulics, and intake structure stability to propose innovative and effective
solutions. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on designing a tailored water intake
system that addresses the specific challenges of the region, considering its geographical,
environmental, and socio-economic factors.
The purpose of this study is to make a raw water intake plan to overcome the
problem of clean water in the Tolikara Regency community.
Methods
This research is located in Tolikara Regency, Karubaga District. The district is
geographically located at 138o 00'00"- 139o 00'00" East Longitude and o00'00" - 4o00'00"
South Latitude. Administratively, Tolikara Regency is administratively bordered by
Mamberamo Raya and Sarmi Regency to the North, Bordered by Jayawijaya Regency to
the South, Bordered by Jayawijaya Regency to the East, and Bordered by Puncak Jaya
Regency to the West.
The methods that will be used in this study are quantitative and qualitative
methods. Quantitative is intended to provide explanation, assessment and analysis using
measurable quantities, expressed in numbers. A quantitative approach is used to analyze
hydrology to obtain the design flood discharge and mainstay discharge, intake hydraulics
to obtain the intake dimension size and intake stability to control the safety of the designed
intake building. The data taken are primary data and secondary data.
1. Data Primer
Primary data is all data obtained directly from the field survey process. The data
data is searched and collected by researchers from their observation objects using
Intake Planning in Loma River, Tolikara Regency
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6349
measurement tools, survey forms, and celebration lists (questionnaires). The primary data
in question are:
a. Topography
b. Hydrology
c. Hydrica
d. Geology
e. Socio-Economic and environmental circumstances
2. Data Seconds
Secondary data is data or information obtained in a structured data format and
sourced from government and private agencies that are relevant to the objectives of this
research such as:
a. Rainfall data
b. Data Climatology
c. Topographic map data.
Results and Discussion
1. Population Projections
The rate of population growth is calculated from the population growth data of all
Tolikara Regency as seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Population Growth Rate
It
Regency/City
District
Total Population
in 2022 (Persons)
Population
Growth Ratio (%)
1
Tolikara
Karubaga
18003
1.85
Source: BPS Papua Province, 2021
a. Geometric Method
From the results of the calculation of population growth using the Geometric
Method, the number of population can be projected up to 25 years and can be seen in the
following table:
Table 2. Recapitulation of the 25-Year Population Projection of
Mountainous Papua Province
n
Jumlah Penduduk (Jiwa)
Wamena
Tiom
Karubaga
Kobakma
Elelim
Dekai
Oksibil
Kenyam
0
65766
11013
17676
13504
16675
17316
6408
6157
5
72079
11899
19373
14369
18276
18978
6576
6712
10
78997
12857
21232
15290
20030
20800
6749
7316
15
86580
13891
23270
16270
21952
22796
6926
7975
20
94890
15009
25502
17313
24059
24984
7108
8694
25
103999
16217
27952
18422
26369
27383
7295
9477
Source: Calculation Results, 2024
Helen Gianditha Wayangkau, Amaliah Azis, Alfian Adie Chandra, David, Davy I. Robert
Jansen
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6350
2. Projected Water Needs
In accordance with the Framework of Reference, water demand projections are
carried out for the next 25 years (Müller Schmied et al., 2021). By taking 2020-2022 as
the beginning of the plan, water demand in Tolikara Regency is projected with an interval
of 5 years until 2045. The results of water needs in Tolikara Regency (Karubaga) are
attached in Table 3.
Table 3. Projected Water Needs of Tolikara Regency (Karubaga) until 2045
It
Description /
Criteria
Unit
Projected Year
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
1
Household Needs
(Domestic)
-
Population
(soul)
17676
19373
21232
23270
25504
27952
-
Number of
Population
Served
(soul)
10606
12592
14863
17453
20403
23759
-
Served with SR
(soul)
6363
7870
9661
11781
14282
17225
-
Served through
HU
(soul)
4242
4722
5202
5672
6121
6534
-
SR Needs
(m3/d
ay)
636
826
1063
1355
1714
2153
-
HU Needs
(m3/d
ay)
127
142
156
170
184
196
-
Number of
household needs
(m3/d
ay)
764
968
1219
1525
1897
2349
2
Non-Domestic
Needs
(m3/d
ay)
191
281
406
578
813
1007
3
Total (1+2)
(m3/d
ay)
955
1249
1625
2103
2711
3356
4
Water Loss
(m3/d
ay)
191
250
325
421
542
671
5
Average Daily
Needs
1145
1499
1950
2524
3253
4027
6
Maximum Daily
Needs
(m3/d
ay)
1260
1649
2145
2776
3578
4430
(lt/sec
)
14.58
19.08
24.83
32.13
41.41
51.27
(m3/s)
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
(lt/day
)
1,259,
945
1,648,
769
2,144,
958
2,776,
412
3,578,
108
4,429,
872
7
Peak Hour Needs
(m3/d
ay)
1890
2473
3217
4165
5367
6645
(lt/sec
)
21.87
28.62
37.24
48.20
62.12
76.91
(Source: Calculation Results, 2024)
Intake Planning in Loma River, Tolikara Regency
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6351
3. Reliable Discharge and Water Balance
The results of the calculation of discharge with 80% reliability (Q80) in all rivers
in Tolikara Regency are shown in order in the following Table 4.
Table 4. Results of Calculation of Reliable Discharge on the Loma River
No
Moon
Water Availability, Q80 (m3/s)
S. Loma
1
Jan
0.4332
2
Feb
0.4347
3
Mar
0.4344
4
Apr
0.4346
5
May
0.4336
6
Jun
0.4338
7
Jul
0.4336
8
Aug
0.4334
9
Sep
0.4336
10
Oct
0.4336
11
Nov
0.4337
12
Some
0.4326
(Source: Calculation Results, 2024)
Figure 1. Reliable Discharge (Q80) of Loma River
The results of the water demand projection show a comparison between water
demand and water availability in Tolikara Regency.
Table 5. Results of Calculation of Reliable Discharge of Loma River
No
Moon
Water Availability, Q80 (m3/s)
Water
Requirement
(m3/s)
Surplus (m3/s)
1
Jan
0.4332
0.02
0.4127
Helen Gianditha Wayangkau, Amaliah Azis, Alfian Adie Chandra, David, Davy I. Robert
Jansen
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6352
No
Moon
Water Availability, Q80 (m3/s)
Water
Requirement
(m3/s)
Surplus (m3/s)
2
Feb
0.4347
0.02
0.4142
3
Mar
0.4344
0.02
0.4139
4
Apr
0.4346
0.02
0.4141
5
May
0.4336
0.02
0.4131
6
Jun
0.4338
0.02
0.4133
7
Jul
0.4336
0.02
0.4130
8
Aug
0.4334
0.02
0.4129
9
Sep
0.4336
0.02
0.4131
10
Oct
0.4336
0.02
0.4131
11
Nov
0.4337
0.02
0.4132
12
Some
0.4326
0.02
0.4121
(Source: Calculation Results, 2024)
Figure 2. Comparison of Water Availability and Water Needs of Tolikara
4. Flood Discharge Plan
Table 6. Recapitulation of the results of the Tolikara Distribution Conformity test
No
Distribution
Type
Condition
Calculation
Results
Conclusion
1
Normal
Cs= 0
Cs= 0.46
Not Compliant
Ck = 3
Ck= -0.682
2
Log Normal
Cs= 0.453
Cs= -0.116
Not meeting
Ck= 3.368
Ck = -0.815
3
Gumbel
Cs= 1.1396
Cs= 0.46
Not Compliant
Ck= 5.4002
Ck= -0.682
(Source: Calculation Results, 2024)
Of the three types of distributions, none has the same skewness and kurtosis
coefficient values as the data. Therefore, the distribution that matches the data is the
Pearson III Log.
0,0000
0,1000
0,2000
0,3000
0,4000
0,5000
Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Des
Tolikara
Ketersediaan Air, Q80 (m3/s) Kebutuhan Air (m3/s)
Intake Planning in Loma River, Tolikara Regency
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6353
Table 1. Recapitulation of Rainfall Calculation Results of Tolikara Design
Probabilities
in order
(P=1/T)
Anniversary
Period
(Years)
Distribution
Normal
(mm)
Log
Normal
(mm)
Gumbel
(mm)
Log
Pearson
III (mm)
50%
2
62.482
62.482
58.907
59.202
20%
5
80.751
62.584
78.138
65.375
10%
10
90.321
62.637
90.870
68.870
4%
25
100.543
62.694
106.957
72.995
2%
50
107.068
62.730
118.891
75.177
1%
100
112.941
62.763
130.738
77.479
(Source: Calculation Results, 2024)
1) Flood Discharge Analysis
The design discharge is needed as input data in the analysis of the maximum water
level on alternative intake locations in all rivers in Tolikara Regency (Ehalt Macedo et
al., 2022; Medina et al., 2022). The method used to analyze the design discharge in
this study is the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method.
Table 2. River Data in Tolikara Regency
River Data
Regency
River Flow
Long
Elv Hulu
Elv Hilir
A
B
C
D
And
Tolikara
Holiday
339.0048
1919.238
1989.2461
(Source: Calculation Results, 2024)
a) Nakayasu Unit Hydrograph Method
Table 3. Recapitulation of Loma River Flood Discharge Calculation
No
Re-Period
Method
( Year )
HSS Nakayasu (m3/it)
1
2
5.642
2
5
6.230
3
10
6.563
4
25
6.956
5
50
7.164
6
100
7.384
(Source: Calculation Results, 2024)
Helen Gianditha Wayangkau, Amaliah Azis, Alfian Adie Chandra, David, Davy I. Robert
Jansen
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6354
The following is a hydrographic chart of the Loma river
Figure 3. Flood Hydrograph for the Loma Tolikara River Intake
5. Intake Planning
a. Intake Alternatives
With several considerations, especially because the river channel is used as a
transportation channel and the cross-sectional geometry of the river is relatively deep, the
type of intake that is suitable for use in the Loma River is free intake. Alternative types
of free intake that can be considered are shown in the following figure.
Intake Planning in Loma River, Tolikara Regency
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6355
(c) Intake Eksisting
Figure 4. Alternative Free Intake Type
Table 4. Clean Water Discharge Capacity in Tolikara Regency
Regency
City
Maximum Daily
Needs (2045)
Water
Availability
(Q80)
Existing
Capacity of
the System
(2022)
Additional
Capacity
LTR/s
Karubaga
51.272
433.734
0.000
51.272
Picture of the Loma River Intake Plan, Tolikara Regency
Helen Gianditha Wayangkau, Amaliah Azis, Alfian Adie Chandra, David, Davy I. Robert
Jansen
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6356
Intake Planning in Loma River, Tolikara Regency
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6357
Helen Gianditha Wayangkau, Amaliah Azis, Alfian Adie Chandra, David, Davy I. Robert
Jansen
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknolog, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6358
Conclusion
Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the Intake Planning in the
Loma River, Tolikara Regency is as follows: 1) The discharge of water availability in the
Loma river, Tolikara Regency is 0.4332 m3/s. 2) The water demand in Tolikara Regency,
especially in Karubaga District, is 51,272 liters/second (0.05 m3/s), for which it is
necessary to build an intake in the Loma River in order to be able to drain water for the
needs of the community. 3) The intake plan that will be built on the Loma river, Tolikara
Regency, is to have a 2 x 2 x 2 meter reservoir.
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