p–ISSN: 2723 – 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6286
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling
Space Utilization at Industrial Area of Kasemen District,
Serang City
Neni Sofiyanti1*, Santun R.P. Sitorus2, Asep Denih3
Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: land use
change; space utilization;
industrial area
management
The determination of industrial estates in Kasemen District
has a significant influence on the area around the industrial
area, especially on agricultural land, public green open
spaces (RTH), and river borders around the industrial area.
The methodology used in this study is the industrial location
theory analysis method, the spatial analysis method of
overlaying land use maps with spatial pattern maps of
RTRW Serang City using QGis media, the method of
analyzing the impact of determining industrial locations
using leopod matrix, and the AHP SWOT method to analyze
the direction of control. The location of the determination of
industrial estates has been in accordance with the industrial
location theory, changes in land use before and after the
establishment of the RTRW regional regulation show a
reduction in agricultural and fishery land, but the built-up
land and mangrove forest land have increased and new land
use has emerged including industrial land, service trade
land. The identification of land use change occurred from
2009, 2016 to 2023. The results of the study show that the
largest change in agricultural land use occurred in 2009 -
2016 of 833 hectares, while in 2016 - 2023 it was 90 hectares
of land area in Kasemen District. This shows that after the
establishment of the Serang City RTRW Regional
Regulation, land changes in agricultural areas can be
reduced to 0.01%.
Introduction
Serang City as one of the new autonomous cities and echoed as the capital of Banten
Province has a history in changing government status. According to Lamidi (2017) stated
that the City of Serang has undergone several changes, it is stated that "... In 2000, through
Law No. 23 of 2000 concerning the Establishment of Banten Province, Serang was
designated as the capital of Banten Province. In 2007, through Law No. 32 of 2007
concerning the City of Serang. Serang is designated as an autonomous city with
administrative areas including Serang District, Kasemen District, Walantaka District,
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6287
Curug District, Cipocok Jaya District, and Taktakan District. The change in status to
become an autonomous city has been followed by the establishment of the Tata Plan"
The designation of the city of Serang as a candidate for the capital of Banten
Province has made several activities no longer able to run in Serang City, one of which is
brackish water pond fisheries in Kasemen District. In RTRW Regional Regulation No. 6
of 2011 and its amendment RTRW Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2020, it was stipulated
that the change of brackish water pond fishery land was changed to the designation of
industrial estates. Land use is an effort to utilize land from time to time to obtain results
(Soetarno, 2003), Kasemen District is one of the sub-districts designated as one of the
industrial areas in Banten Province besides Cilegon City and Serang Regency.
The development of areas in coastal areas, just like development in other areas,
aims to improve the welfare of the population. (Panggalih, 2020). Regional development
is an effort in the development of an area or an area and resources (natural, artificial,
human and technological) optimally, efficiently and effectively (Homer et al., 2016). The
determination of industrial estates almost occurs in several coastal areas that are directly
adjacent to other industrial estates that have developed, one of the industrial estates in
Banten Province that is directly adjacent to Kasemen District is the Wilmar Integrated
Industrial Estate in Kramatwatu District, Serang Regency.
The determination of industrial estates in the Serang City RTRW Regional
Regulation is an implementation of Government Regulation No. 14 of 2015 about the
National Industrial Development Master Plan (RIPIN) for 2015 – 2035. In addition, the
change in the activities of the community of Sawah Luhur Village, especially Kasmen
District in general, from farmers to private employees and self-employed. This can be
seen from the number of education at the Senior High School (SMA) and Undergraduate
levels increasing every year. At the location of the Kasemen District industrial area, in
addition to general industry, there will also be an industry and a National Ordnance
Laboratory under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense and Security. This information
was expressed by representatives of the Ministry of Defense and Security at a joint
meeting to determine the RDTR for Cities/Regencies throughout Indonesia in Jakarta in
2023, then this was stated at Regulation of the Mayor of Serang No. 77 of 2023 about the
Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR).
The industrial activities that will currently run are agricultural industry activities,
this is in accordance with the location of the industrial area which is directly adjacent to
the Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) of Serang City. Determination of
Sustainable Food Agricultural Areas (KP2B) which is an implementation of Law No. 41
of 2009 concerning LP2B, according to Government Law of the Republic of Indonesia
Number 41 of 2009 about Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection explained that
"Sustainable Food Agricultural Land is a field of agricultural land that is determined to
be protected and developed consistently in order to produce staple foods for national food
independence, resilience, and sovereignty." The existence of LP2B in Kasemen District
has an impact on restricting access to agricultural land, in the Serang City RTRW
Regulation No. 8 of 2020 LP2B land must not be converted except for government-owned
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6288
public facilities. For this reason, the role of the government is needed in controlling the
use of space in Kasemen District, Serang City. The objectives of this study are (1)
Analyzing the suitability of the location of the determination of industrial estates in
Kasemen District with the provisions of the Industrial Location Theory, (2) Analyzing
Land Use before and after the determination of industrial estates in the Serang City
RTRW Regional Regulation, (3) Analyzing the suitability of land use changes with the
applicable RTRW and Serang City RDTR Regulations, and (4) Preparing directions for
controlling the use of space in industrial estates based on the applicable Regional
Regulations.
Method
This research was carried out from October 2023 to July 2024 in the Development
Area (WP) of Kasemen District, which consists of 10 (ten) villages, namely Kasemen
Village, Warung Jaud, Priyayi Mosque, Bendung, Terumbu, Sawah Luhur, Kilasah,
Margaluyu, Kasunyatan and Banten. with an administrative area of 6885 ha with
territorial boundaries To the North is the Java Sea, Serang City South of Serang District
is Serang City, East is Kramatwatu District, Serang Regency, West is Pontang District,
Serang Regency, Map of the Outer Boundary of Kasemen District Development Area
(WP) The location of the study is presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Research Location
Materials and Tools
The materials used in this study include (1) raster data, which is satellite image
data that has temporal data recording with a recording time range of 5 (five years), such
as Landsat 8, land cover maps in 2009, 2016 and 2023; disaster maps; Spatial Pattern
Map, Land Use Map, Land Use Conformity Map to RTRW, Population Data,
Professional Data, Land Use Data for the period 2009, 2016 and 2023;. The tools used
are Quantum GIS supported by UAV Mapping; and Camera.
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6289
Data Collection Methods
This study uses various data collection methods to achieve the research objectives.
For the analysis of land use of industrial locations, data was collected through primary
and secondary surveys. For the analysis of changes in land cover/land use patterns, it was
collected through secondary surveys (Google Earth Engine, Earth Explorer) and primary
surveys.
Data Analysis Techniques
The analysis methods described in this study are adjusted to the research
objectives to be achieved, including: the suitability of the industrial location land use plan
to the theory of industrial location, the extent of land use, the suitability of land cover to
the applicable RTRW Regional Regulation, the direction of land use control in Kasemen
District.
Table 1
Matrix of research objectives, data types, analysis techniques and outputs
It
Research
Objective
s
Data
Type
Data
Source
Data
Collection
Techniques
Data
Analysis
Technique
s
Result
1 Analysis
of the
suitability
of the
determinat
ion of
industrial
location
areas in
Kasemen
District in
the Serang
City
RTRW
Regional
Regulation
on the
theory of
industrial
location
Industrial
activity
plan data
BPS
Serang
City
Secondary
Survey
Descriptive
Analysis
and
Analysis of
Industrial
Location
Theory,
GIS
Analysis
using QGIS
media
Planner
of the
right
activitie
s at the
location
of the
industry
so that
the
achieve
ment in
producti
on
efficienc
y, good
market
access,
and
optimiza
tion of
operatio
nal
costs,
with the
running
of
industria
l
Industrial
Raw
Materials
Data
based on
industrial
activity
plans
BPS
Serang
City and
Serang
City
Regional
Governm
ent
Secondary
Survey
Location
data
Agglomer
ation of
industrial
activity
plans
Perwal
RDTR
Serang
City No.
77 of
2023
Secondary
Survey
Marketing
location
data
BPS
Serang
City, BPS
Banten
Province
Secondary
Survey
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6290
activitie
s, the
original
income
of the
Serang
City
area will
increase
2 Analysis
of land use
in
Kasemen
District
before and
after the
establishm
ent of the
Serang
City
RTRW
Regional
Regulation
Land use
data
before
and after
the
determina
tion of the
Serang
City
RTRW
regional
regulation
Serang
City
DPUPR
Secondary
Survey
Descriptive
Analysis,
Scoring
Analysis
Land
use data
before
and after
the
establish
ment of
the
Serang
City
RTRW
Regiona
l
Regulati
on
3 Analysis
of Land
Use
Suitability
Around
the
Industrial
Location
of Kasmen
District
Based on
the
Regional
Regulation
of RTRW
Serang
City
Land Use
Map of
Serang
City
RTRW
Map
Serang
City
DPUPR
Secondary
Survey
Descriptive
Analysis
and GIS
Analysis
with QGIS
Media
Matrix
Leopold
Map
Overlay
Results
of Land
Use
Confor
mity
and
Non-
Confor
mity
4 Analysis
of land use
control
directives
around the
location of
the
Kasemen
District
industrial
estate
Land Use
Control
Policy
Plan
Serang
City
DPUPR
Secondary
Survey
Qualitative
Analysis
Land
use
control
directive
policy
based on
the
Serang
City
RTRW
Regiona
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6291
determinat
ion based
on the
applicable
RTRW
Regional
Regulation
l
Regulati
on
which
applies
for now
and in
the
future
Results and Discussion
Analysis of the suitability of the determination of industrial location areas in
Kasemen District in the Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation on the theory of
indust location
The selection of industrial locations must refer to several factors that will affect the
implementation of activities, some of these factors include market location, sources of
raw materials, labor, electricity, water, transportation, community attitudes, and local
government regulations. Improper determination of business location will result in high
operational costs so that there is an inability to compete and will cause losses (Maulana,
2018).
Based on the theory of the location of industrial estates proposed by Weber in
Ivanda (2023) in Daldjoenu (1997:62-64). Location with a fee least cost location is the
principle of smallest expense area Where the principle applies if the topographic area is
uniform, the same source of raw materials, the same labor wages, and the same marketing.
These three factors are measured by a comparison of transportation costs, transportation
costs depend on the weight and distance that must be traveled to transport the goods
(Boys, 2023). According to Eddy Herjanto (2007: 127) several factors that must be
considered in determining the location of an industry include the location of the market,
the location of raw materials, the availability of labor, the availability of electricity, the
availability of water, health services, government regulations, community attitudes, the
cost of land and buildings, the area of parking lots, sewers, the possibility of expansion
and the width of the road.
The theory of the location of the minimum cost was put forward by Alfred Weber,
a German economist, in his book entitled Uber Den Standort Der Industries in 1909.
Then translated by C.J. Fredrich in a book entitled Alferd Weber's Theory Of Location Of
Industries in 1929. Weber based the theory that in the selection of industrial locations
depends on the total cost of transportation and labor when the sum of the two is minimal
with the maximum level of profit. The theory put forward by Weber in John Glasson's
book is that the Research Unit is an isolated area, with a homogeneous climate, consumers
are concentrated in several centers, and market conditions are a perfect competition.
Natural resources are ubiquitous.Water, sand and rock resources are available in adequate
quantities and are easy to find. Scattered Natural Resources (Sporadis),aterial such as
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6292
mineral fuels and mines are available sporadically and only reach a few places. The labor
force is unubiquitous but grouped in several locations with limited mobility.
According to Alfred Weber's location theory, transportation costs are a major factor
in determining the location of an industry. Weber states that transportation costs increase
proportionally with distance, so the optimal location point is the place where the total cost
of transportation (both to transport raw materials to the factory and finished products to
the market) is minimal. Thus, in order to determine the optimal plant location, it is
necessary to consider the input weight: The total weight of all raw materials that must be
transported to the production site. Output weight: The weight of the final product to be
transported to the market. The goal is to find the point where the transportation costs for
transporting raw materials to factories and finished products to the market are at their
lowest level. Other factors such as labor wages and agglomeration can modify the
location, but transportation costs remain a key consideration in Weber's analysis.
Figure 2 Locational Triangle From Weber
Source: (Muzayanah, 2015)
On the concept in location optimization, where two sources of raw materials (M1
and M2) and the market are located in different places. The optimum point, or point T, is
the place that minimizes the total cost of transportation from both sources of raw materials
to the market. In this context, the T point is usually found using methods such as the
Centroid Method or Location and Placement Analysis which aims to determine the
optimal location that minimizes the total cost of transportation.
Raw Material Factor
a. Market : the place where buying and selling occur
b. Factory : The optimal Industrial Location is
determined based on the closest distance to raw
materials and the market.
c. Raw Material 1 & 2 : location of production
materials
a. d1,d2,d3 : Distance of input and output
locations
b. W1,W2,W3 : Input and output weight
c. d1W1 : the most expensive
transportation cost, the fastest
transportation distance
d. d2W2 : the most expensive
transportation cost, the fastest
transportation distance
e. d3W3 : the cheapest transportation cost,
the longest transportation distance
Figure 2.2 Figure 2.2 Weber's Isodapan Curve
Source: (Tarigan, 2009)
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6293
The raw material factor is the main thing that becomes a benchmark in industrial
activities, the location and cost of obtaining raw materials are one of the main
considerations for choosing an industrial location in the theory of industrial location put
forward by experts.
a. Raw Material Location
One of the main raw materials that will be used in producing the agricultural
industry is a fairly large area of rice fields. Kasemen District is one of the sub-districts
that has the largest agricultural land in Serang City, the existence of Sustainable Food
Agricultural Land (LP2B) with an area of 2932 hectares in the Kasemen District area is
considered feasible as a location for the main raw materials in agricultural industry
activities.
b. Raw material procurement costs
The selection of industrial location distance affects the acquisition and production
costs, the selection of industrial locations in Kasemen District is considered to have low
acquisition costs. This can be seen from the location of the industrial determination next
to the location of raw materials, for this reason, with a very minimal raw material
acquisition price, it is considered to reduce production costs so that production costs can
be diverted to other factors that are considered to require considerable costs. Table 2
presents an estimate of the cost of obtaining raw materials per km.
Cost per km : H = f (B. J.K.M)
Table 2
Pricing Based on Mode of Transportation
Types of means of
transport H B J K N
Truck H1 Small Near / Far Keep Variant
Train H2 Big Far / Near Keep Variant
Truck type
Truck Tronton 235PS – 260 ps (6 X 4)
Truck Capacity =M3 (25), Ton (25)
Fuel Ratio / 1 liter Solar =
Truck Age 0-2 Years = 2,5 km
Above 3 Years = 2.2 km
Several factors affect the fuel ratio in the calculation of transportation costs (1)
Driver behavior, (2) The condition of the path traveled (damaged, flat, flat, ramp or
descent, etc.), (3) The load or load cargo being transported, (4) Tire pressure (the higher
the wind pressure on the tires, the more economical it is in fuel consumption, (5) The
operation of the vehicle used, stop and go, or continue.
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6294
1. Labor Factor
Human Resources (HR) is the main thing in determining a competent workforce,
the quality of education and expertise in work are the benchmarks in determining the
quality of the workforce. Human resources needed as a benchmark for the workforce in
the industry are urgently needed. Serang City as one of the cities designated as an
education center city where there are several leading universities established in Serang
City, has the potential to produce human resources needed in industrial activities in
Kasemen District. Several public and private universities that are not far from the location
of the Serang Industrial Estate (KIS) include Sultan Ageng Tritayasa University
(UNTIRTA), Sultan Maulana Hasanudin State Islamic University (UIN SMH Banten),
Pamulang University, Indonesian Education University (UPI), Sutomo University.
2. Agglomeration Factor
The development of the industrial sector is part of long-term economic development
because of the huge contribution of the industrial sector. Agglomeration is sometimes
needed in industrial activities, Kuncoro (2002) that agglomeration is the spatial
concentration of economic activity due to the savings due to the proximity of the location
associated with the spatial cluster of companies, workers and consumers. In the concept
of industry, there are several groups of functional relationships.
The production relationship and service of industrial activities, in the production
relationship of the Wilmar Integrated Industrial Estate (KIWT) in Kramatwatu District,
Serang Regency which is engaged in industrial activities in the field of agriculture and
plantations, have similarities in terms of production. KIWT, which is 16.5 km away, is
expected to be a support for industrial activities on KIS land so that good agglomeration
will be created in production
activities.
Figure 3 Location of Serang City Industrial Estate (KIS), Wilmar Integrated
Industrial Estate (KITW) and Bojonegara Port, Serang Regency
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6295
3. Market Relations
In marketing, KIWT that has agricultural production activities is expected to have
a positive reciprocal relationship, so that cooperation is created in terms of product
marketing both domestically and abroad. In terms of transportation, the location of the
KIS determination is supported by 2 (two) ports, the port of Karangantu Kasemen District
which is included in the class D port and the Bojonegara International container port
which is 30.6 km from the location of the industrial determination. These two ports are
expected to become a means of transportation in marketing both domestically and
internationally.
From the factors that have been explained earlier, it can be seen that the location of
the determination of the Serang Industrial Estate (KIS) is considered quite feasible as an
industrial location in Serang City based on the theory of industrial location supported by
several supporting factors, the location of the determination of the industry in Kasemen
District is considered appropriate.
Analysis of land use in Kasemen District before and after the establishment of the
Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation
Kasemen District is one of the agricultural and fishery land areas in Serang City
with an area of 3855 Ha or 30.76% of agricultural land in 2009 spread across Margaluyu
Village, Kilasah Village, Sawah Luhur Village, Terumbu Village and Bendung Village.
Meanwhile, the fishery land covers an area of 795 hectares or 6.34% of the Kasemen
District area in the Sawah Luhur and Banten Village areas. The following is data on land
use in Kasemen District in 2009, 2016 and 2023.
Table 3
Land Use Data of Kasemen District, Serang City
Year 2009, 2016 and 2023
Source : Serang City Regional Government (2009,2016,2023)
Based on table 3 above, the largest land use in Kasemen District is agricultural land.
In 2009 the use of agricultural land in Kasemen District was 3855 ha, the area of
It Land Type
Area (ha)
Year
2009
Year
2016
Year
2023
1 Rice Field Farmland 3855 3022 2932
2 Cultural Heritage Area 215 215 215
3 Fishery Cultivation Land 795 855 0
4 Land for Yard and Yard Buildings,
Streets
1400 1703 2646
5 Trade and Service Zone 0 0 120
6 Industrial Land 0 470 349
7 Mangrove Area 31 31 35
8 RTH and Non-RTH Open Space 274 274 274
9 Borders and Rivers 316 316 316
Sum 6885 6885 6885
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6296
buildings, yards and yards was 1371 ha, in 2016 there was a significant decrease, the area
of agricultural land changed to 3022 ha, and the land of buildings, yards and yards
increased by 1676 ha. This shows a reduction in the amount of agricultural land and an
increase in the land of buildings, yards and yards covering an area of 833 ha. In 2023
there will be a change again so that the area of agricultural land will be 2932 ha, this year
the change in land use is not too large, only reducing the area by 90 ha.
Based on the 2011 and 2020 Serang City RTRW Regional Regulations, Kasemen
District is included in the sub-district which is designated as one of the Government Areas
(WP) where there is an Industrial Estate area. This is a mandate from Government
Regulation 2015 No. 14 of 2015 about the National Industrial Development Master Plan
(RIPIN) for 2015 – 2035. Land use in Kasemen Village before the formation of Serang
City 56% was agricultural land, but since the formation of Serang City in 2008 and
changed its status to Kasemen District, land use has begun to change.
Table 4
Area of Land Use Change in Kasemen District
Year 2009 - 2016
Land use in 2009 where Serang City was just formed and the status of Kasemen
District was changed and in 2016 after the issuance of the Serang City RTRW Regulation
No. 6 of 2011 there was a significant change in land use. The largest land change occurred
in agricultural land which decreased by -833 hectares or 22% of the original land area. In
2020, the RTRW Regional Regulation was issued amendment No. 8 of 2020, in the
regional regulation there is the use of Trade and Service Area land in the regional spatial
plan. The data in Table 5 shows the emergence of the area of trade and service land use
in the Serang City Spatial Pattern plan in Kasemen District as well as the increase in
several built-up lands and mangrove forests.
It Land Type
Area (ha)
Changing
Land
Area
In %
Year Year
2009 2016
1 Rice Field Farmland 3855 3022 -833 -22%
2 Cultural Heritage Area 215 215 0 0%
3 Fishery Cultivation Land 795 855 60 8%
4 Land Yard Building, Yard and Road 1400 1703 303 22%
5 Trade and Service Zone 0 0 0 0%
6 Industrial Land 0 470 470 100%
7 Mangrove Area 31 31 0 0%
8 RTH and Non-RTH Open Space 274 274 0 0%
9 Borders and Rivers 316 316 0 0%
Sum 6885 6885 6885
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6297
Table 5 Area of Land Use Change in Sub-district
Year 2016 – 2023
In Table 5, the built-up land increases along with the decrease in agricultural land.
Meanwhile, fishery land was lost with a 100% reduction which had an impact on the
addition of 943 hectares of built land, 120 hectares of trade and service land and 4 hectares
of mangrove land. The depiction of land use changes in Kasemen District is based on the
stipulation of Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2011 and Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2020.
The reduction and addition of several lands in Kasemen District is contained in the 2020
Serang City Spatial Pattern Map.
Table 6
Area of Land Use Change in Sub-district
Year 2009 - 2023
It
Land Type Area (ha) Changi
ng
Land
Area
In %
Year
2016 2023
1 Rice Field Farmland 3022 2932 -90 -3%
2 Cultural Heritage Area 215 215 0 0%
3 Fishery Cultivation Land 855 0 -855
-
100%
4 Land Yard Building, Yard and Road 1703 2646 943 89%
5 Trade and Service Zone 0 120 120 100%
6 Industrial Land 470 349 -121 100%
7 Mangrove Area 31 35 4 13%
8 RTH and Non-RTH Open Space 274 274 0 0%
9 Borders and Rivers 316 316 0 0%
Sum 6885 6885 6885
It
Land Type Area (ha) Changing
Land
Area
In % Year Year
2009 2023
1 Rice Field Farmland 3855 2932 -923 -24%
2 Cultural Heritage Area 215 215 0 0%
3 Fishery Cultivation Land 795 0 -795 -100%
4
Land Yard Building, Yard
and Road
1400 2646 1246 89%
5 Trade and Service Zone 0 120 120 100%
6 Industrial Land 0 349 349 100%
7 Mangrove Area 31 35 4 13%
8
RTH and Non-RTH Open
Space
274 274 0 0%
9 Borders and Rivers 316 316 0 0%
Sum 6885 6885 6885
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6298
In Table 6, it can be seen that there has been a change in use from 2009 after the
new Serang City was established and after the issuance of the Serang City RTRW
Regional Regulation and its amendments in 2020. and agricultural land has been reduced
to an area of -923 hectares or 24% of the initial area before the establishment of Serang
City. This reduction was followed by an increase in built-up land, trade and service areas,
and industrial land. Based on data from tables 4, 5 and 6, changes in the Status and
determination of the Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation have an influence on
changes in land use from 2009 – 2023.
Analysis of Land Use Suitability Around the Industrial Location of Kasmen District
Based on the Regional Regulation of RTRW Serang City
Land use changes in Serang City are often not fully in accordance with the Regional
Spatial Plan Regional Regulation (Perda RTRW). Land use violations are one of the
causative factors in land use irregularities. Some of the causative factors of the violation
include the lack of information on the Serang City Regional Spatial Plan. In figure 8, the
following is a map of the spatial pattern of Serang City based on the applicable Serang
City RTRW Regional Regulation.\
This can be seen in the rampant change in agricultural land use in Kasemen District.
Land use changes in Serang Raya from 2000-2018 show a discrepancy between existing
land conditions and the expected spatial plan. There is a significant increase in built-up
areas along with the decline in paddy
fields and plantations, which led to a
land use discrepancy of 8.92% in 2018
and is predicted to increase to 9.31%
by 2030 (Libriyanto, 2022). Figure 4
shows the appearance of land in 2009, 2016
and 2023.
Figure 5
Source : History google earth pro
2009,2016 and 2023
Figure 4 Spatial Pattern Map of Serang
City
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6299
In Figure 4, it can be seen that there has been a change in use in the three years
before the enactment of the Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation in 2009, after the
enactment of the Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2011, and after the
enactment of the Serang City RTRW Amendment Regulation No. 8 of 2020. In 2009 it
can be seen in Figure 9 that almost 60% of land use in Kasemen District is rice field
agricultural land marked in green, in 2016 it can be seen that there is a change in land use
in accordance with the determination of the Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation No.
6 of 2011 on fishery land in Sawah Luhur Village which has changed to Serang Industrial
Determination Land, And it can be seen that the development of built land is marked by
orange color on agricultural land.
In 2023, there will be significant land use on several agricultural lands with the
issuance of the RTRW Spatial Pattern Map in the Serang City RTRW Regional
Regulation No. 8 of 2020 so that a considerable change in land use can be seen, this can
be seen in the Serang City Spatial Pattern Map, many agricultural lands have changed
their function to built land which can be seen in Table 6 where there is a reduction in
agricultural land and an increase in residential land/built land, land for trade and services,
land for industrial purposes and addition to mangrove forests.
Agricultural land in Kasmen District is Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B).
The existence of LP2B in Kasemen District is a mandate from Law article 41 of 2009
concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land. LP2B is land that is
only intended for agriculture, LP2B can only be converted to public interest in accordance
with the provisions of laws and regulations (Serang City Regional Regulation, 2020).
Changes in land use in areas that are not for their designation are one of the
inconsistencies in land use, some of the factors that cause inconsistencies in land use in
Kasemen District include:
1. Limitations in Supervision and Enforcement of Spatial Planning Law can trigger land
use violations
2. Population growth and rapid urbanization cause pressure on existing land, which
encourages land use violations.
3. Lack of public awareness and knowledge in understanding land use regulations.
4. Land price speculation encourages land use changes that are not in accordance with its
original designation.
Based on the results of Google Earth Pro history data and a survey of field excision
conditions, there was a change in land use in the LP2B area and part of the Public RTH
as well as the river boundary which is superimposed in Figure 6.
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6300
Figure 6 Map of Changes
Kasemen District Land Use in 2023
Inconsistencies in land use have various significant impacts on the environment and
socio-economic conditions of the community around the location, here are some of the
impacts that will be caused by changes in land use LP2B, Public RTH and River
Boundaries in the following Table 7:
Table 7
Analysis of Land Use Violations
Project Activities
(100)
Infrastructure Upgrades Land Conversion Pollution Environmental Control
Environmental
Components (88)
LP2B
Positive Impact
1. Reducing
transaction
costs for
agricultural
activities
2. Increasing the
efficiency of
agricultural
production
3. Encouraging
the quality of
sustainable
agricultural
development
Negative Impact:
1. Influencing the
sustainability of
Agriculture
2. Deterioration of
the quality of
Positive Impact:
1. Improving the
accessibility and
comfort of
people's lives
2. create new jobs
and increase
regional income
Negative Impact:
1. Reduce the
land available
for food
production,
which can have
an impact on
food security
and increase
food prices
2. Causes
environmental
degradation
Positive Impact:
1. Increasing
public
awareness
2. Increasing the
active role of
environmental
agencies and
governments
3. Development
of green
technology
4. Improved
environmental
recovery
methods
Negative Impact:
1. Causes
disease
2. Decreased
quality of life
Positive Impact :
1. Improving
Human
Health
2. Ecosystem
balance
3. Knowledge
and
technology
transfer
4. Formation of
a better
quality of life
5. Creation of
environmental
management
Negative Impact :
1. Requires
considerable
costs
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6301
the agricultural
environment
3. Transfer of
Financial
resources
3. Increasing
regional
unemployment
4. Causes social
and economic
problems
3. Ecosystem
damage
4. Species
Extinction
5. Losses in the
economic
sector
6. Environmental
aesthetic
decline
7. The
occurrence of
social
conflicts in the
community
2. Improper
environmental
management
will result in
new problems
RTH
Public
Positive Impact :
1. Improving the
accessibility of
public green
spaces and the
welfare and
health of urban
residents
2. reduce air
pollutant levels
and improve
overall
environmental
quality
3. Generate areas
for
socialization,
relaxation, and
rejuvenation in
a fun
environment,
and
4. improve thermal
comfort and
biodiversity
Negative Impact:
1. Limited
availability of
Public RTH
2. Reduction of
carbon emission
Positive Impact :
1. Conversion to
settlement
development
can increase
local revenue
through taxes
and create new
jobs
2. Improving
Accessibility
and Mobility
of Citizens
3. Help address
the problem of
population
density by
providing more
space for
housing and
businesses.
4. Improving the
aesthetics of
the city with
planned and
modern
development
Negative Impacts
of Public RTH
Land Conversion:
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6302
sequestration
areas
3. Reduce
ecosystem
benefits
obtained by the
community
1. Reduced RTH
can reduce
water
catchment
areas, which
can lead to
flooding and
degrade
groundwater
quality
2. Decline in air
quality due to
reduced
vegetation that
functions as an
absorber of air
pollutants
3. The loss of
public space
can reduce the
quality of life
of residents
who depend on
RTH for
recreation and
social
activities.
4. Increasing
urban
temperature
(urban heat
island effect)
due to the
reduction of
green areas
that function as
natural cooling
River
Boundary
Positive Impact :
1. Improving
accessibility
and
connectivity
between
regions
separated by
rivers
Negative Impact:
1. Conversion of
river
boundaries can
damage the
natural habitat
of flora and
fauna,
threatening
biodiversity
Neni Sofiyanti, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Asep Denih
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6303
2. can attract
investment
and business
development
in the river
border area
3. The
construction
of flood
control
infrastructure,
such as levees
and canals,
can help
reduce flood
risk in river
border areas
4. The
development
of
infrastructure
such as dams
and reservoirs
can aid in the
management
of water
resources for
irrigation,
clean water
supply, and
hydropower
Negative Impact:
1. Environmental
Degradation
2. Sediment
Erosion
3. Land and
Community
Social
Conflicts
4. Damage to
cultural
heritage
2. Increased soil
erosion and
river
sedimentation
can damage
water quality
and river
habitat
3. Reduction of
river boundary
areas that serve
as buffer zones
can increase
the risk of
floods and
landslides
Based on Table 7, there has been a change in land use that is not in accordance with
its designation on the Serang City RTRW Spatial Pattern Map in Kasemen District. These
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6304
violations have positive and negative impacts on the environment and the community
around the area where the land use change is located. The impact of land use
inconsistencies can be seen in the following table 8:
Table 8 Impact
Land Use Change
It
Allocation of Types of
Activities in Spatial
Patterns
Land Use Change in
2023
1 LP2B Settlements
2 River Boundary Settlements
3 RTH Public Small Trade
The results of the 2023 Google Earth Pro history overlay show that there are
violations in the LP2B, Public RTH and River Boundary areas markedin red. The red
color indicates that there is a new built land that stands in an area that is not for its
designation so that there is a discrepancy in the use of space in Kasemen District.
Analysis of land use control directives around the location of the Kasemen District
industrial estate determination based on the applicable RTRW Regional Regulation
The control of space utilization in industrial estates is regulated through Regional
Regulations (Perda) which aims to ensure the use of industrial land in accordance with
the spatial plan that has been determined. The following are some general aspects
regulated in the Regional Regulation related to the use of space. Based on the data in
Table 7, several violations of space utilization that occurred in Kasemen District in the
LP2B area, Public RTH and River Boundary are violations that occurred both before and
after the issuance of the Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation. In this case, the Serang
City government as a policy holder in the use of space in Kasemen District implements
regulations in controlling the use of space outlined in the Serang City RTRW Regional
Regulation. In the problem in Table 7, land control that is appropriate for space use
violations that occur in Kasemen District, one of which is due to the lack of information
about space use regulations that have been in effect in Serang City. Proper handling of
the settlement of space use violations can avoid clashes between the government and the
community.
Table 9
Analysis of Land Use Control
It General Aspects
Operating
Instructions Penalty
1 Licensing Location area restrictions are
not allowed for expansion
Warning Letter
Delivery, Sealing,
Dismantling
2 Supervision and Control
3 Environmental Management Directions for environmental
management in waste disposal
and drainage flows
4 Law Enforcement Sanctioning
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Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6305
Conclusion
The determination of the Industrial area in Kasemen District has been in accordance
with the theory of industrial location. Some of the things that are considered include
Location and Distance Location Determination of industry with raw material sources has
easy distance and travel time, Human Resources (HR) for the workforce comes from the
best education and is located close to the location of the determination of industrial
estates, The possibility of agglomeration with PT. Pindad is located not far from the
location of the industrial designation, a market share that is easy to reach with various
easy access to transportation facilities.
Land use in Kasemen District from 2009 – 2023 before and after the establishment
of the Serang City RTRW Regional Regulation and its changes have undergone
significant changes in land use. This can be seen in the reduction of agricultural and
fishery land that has been converted into industrial, trade and service land, built-up land
and mangrove forests. The lack of information about the regulations of the Serang City
RTRW Regional Regulation has led to inconsistencies in land use.
Directions to control areas of violations in land use that are not in accordance with
the RTRW Regional Regulation must be carried out in accordance with applicable
regulations in a persuasive way so as not to cause turmoil in the community.
Analizing Land Use Change and Direction for Controling Space Utilization at Industrial
Area of Kasemen District, Serang City
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 6306
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