p–ISSN: 2723 – 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6308

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability, and
Projected Land Needs for the Development of Residential

Areas in South Cikarang District

Nur Handayani1*, Janthy T. Hidayat2, Mujio3

Universitas Pakuan Bogor, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]*, [email protected],

*Correspondence
ABSTRACT

Keywords: industrial
growth, availability of
residential land,
sustainable residential.

National economic growth is greatly influenced by industrial
growth. Industrial activities in South Cikarang sub-district
generally have an impact on regional development and
increasing community welfare, industrial development can
also increase population. This increase occurred due to the
need for labor in numbers that could not all be provided by
the labor in industrial locations, resulting in population
migration. The increase in population brings major changes
to the increase in basic human needs, namely the need for
land as a place to live which will continue to increase
naturally, while land is limited and tends to experience
environmental degradation. The existence of industry and
the increase in population threaten the sustainability of
residential areas. This research aims to identify the condition
of existing settlements; sustainability status in ecological,
economic, social, and institutional dimensions; and analyze
the availability of residential land and the need for residential
land in 2031. The analysis techniques used were spatial
analysis, Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis, and
descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that the
research location has a fairly sustainable and sustainable
status in developing residential areas. In 2031, several
villages in the research area lack land for residential areas,
so direction is needed regarding plans for sustainable
residential area development.

Introduction

South Cikarang District is the sub-district with the largest number of industrial
estates, including Jababeka Industrial Estate, Lippo Cikarang Industrial Estate, East
Jakarta Industrial Park, and Bekasi International Industrial Estate with an area of 2,395
hectares (Ardhiansyah, 2011). In the region, there are also 1,200 business units engaged
in the industrial and warehousing sectors and 59 independent housing areas (Ministry of

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for the
Development of Residential Areas in South Cikarang District

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6309

ATR, 2023). Based on Bekasi Regency Regional Regulation Number 12 of 2011
concerning the Spatial Plan of Bekasi Regency for 2011 – 2031, South Cikarang is part
of Development Area 1 (WP 1) which is directed with the main functions of industrial
development, trade, and services, housing and settlements, tourism and supporting
industrial activities (Ardiansyah, 2010). The role of South Cikarang as a center of
industrial activity requires an area to meet the housing needs of its people (Novitasari et
al., 2022).

Land use in Bekasi Regency for settlements has increased significantly, namely an
increase of 14,947 hectares during the 11 years, namely in the range of 2007 to 2019.
Land use for residential areas in Bekasi Regency in 2021 is 22,936 hectares (Noer &
Wibowo, 2024). Meanwhile, the area of residential areas stipulated in the Bekasi Regency
RTRW covers an area of 13,918 hectares, so there is a development of residential areas
of 9,018 hectares. (Herlawati & Handayanto, 2024). This indicates the occurrence of
potential sustainability threats to residential areas. The development of residential areas
that are not by spatial patterns and the increase in industrial activities in South Cikarang
District pose a threat to the sustainability of residential areas, both in terms of ecological,
economic, social, and institutional dimensions. (Surya et al., 2021). In the ecological
dimension, it is shown by the decline in environmental quality due to population density
and air quality decline, in the economic dimension it is shown by the limitations in public
facilities and infrastructure, in the social dimension it is shown by the limitations in social
services, health, and education. The institutional dimension is shown by the guarantee of
legal certainty for landowners, conformity with spatial patterns, and the availability of
RTRW (Amri et al., 2023). The objectives of this study are (1) to identify the condition
of existing settlements, (2) to analyze the status of sustainability in the ecological,
economic, social, and institutional dimensions and (3) to analyze the availability of land
and the need for residential land in 2031.

Method
Regional Scope

The research was conducted in South Cikarang District, Bekasi Regency, and is
astronomically located at -7° 39' 12.46'' S and 107° 6' 38.54'' E. The research area includes
7 villages, namely Ciantra Village, Cibatu Village, Pasirsari Village, Serang Village,
Sukasejati Village, Sukadami Village and Sukaresmi Village.
Data Collection Methods

The data used in this study include (1) raster data, namely aerial photo map data for
the 2023 recording year. (2) vector data, land use maps in 2023; road network map; spatial
pattern map; land value zone map; and Land ownership map. Data collection methods in
this study are in the form of secondary surveys and primary surveys. The analysis of the
sustainability status in the research area uses a secondary survey through visits to agencies
and primary surveys in the form of interviews with the community in the research area
regarding community participation in the environment, drainage conditions, and social

Nur Handayani, Janthy T. Hidayat, Mujio

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6310

conflicts that arise in the community. The analysis of land availability was carried out
using a secondary data collection method.
Data Analysis Methods

The analysis methods used in this study include spatial, descriptive, and tabulation
analysis to complete the objectives (1); Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis based
on ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions to solve objectives (2);
spatial analysis (GIS) and geometric projections to accomplish the objectives (3). The use
of attributes and scores in objective (2) is sourced from journals and research conducted
by Dewi (2011), Janthy (2013), and Yusuf (2019).

Results and Discussion
Identification of Existing Residential Area Conditions

The type of land use in the research area is dominated by the use for settlements,
which covers an area of 1,494 ha, the second largest type of land use is industrial use,
which covers an area of 1,079 ha (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Existing Land Use Map

The condition of existing residential areas in the research area is seen based on

ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions. (Suryo, 2017). Based on
ecological dimensions, including population density attributes, building density,
availability of Green Open Space (RTH), built-up land area, clean water conditions, waste
management, air quality, and drainage conditions. An overview of the settlement area in
each village is presented in Table 1.

Table 1
Condition of Residential Areas in Each Village Based on Ecological Dimensions

Village
Name

Ecological Dimension Conditions

Popula
tion
densit
y

Building
Density
(KDB)

RTH
Availabi
lity

Built-
up
Land
Area
(ha)

Clean
Water
Condit
ions

Waste
Manag
ement

Air
Quali
ty

Drainag
e
Conditio
ns

Ciantra

71 sou
l/h
a

96% >30% 335,63 Good Good Bad Good

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for the
Development of Residential Areas in South Cikarang District

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6311

Cibatu

11
inhabit
ants/ha

64% >30% 838,18 Good Good Bad Good

Pasirsari

44
inhabit
ants/ha

88% <30% 525,69 Good Keep Bad Good

Attack

41
inhabit
ants/ha

89% >30% 300,96 Good Keep Bad Keep

Sukadami

75
inhabit
ants/ha

93% >30% 384,19 Good Good Bad Good

Sukaresmi

12
inhabit
ants/ha

77% <30% 744,54 Good Keep Bad Keep

Sukasejati

18
inhabit
ants/ha

96% >30% 166,54 Good Keep Bad Good

In the economic dimension, the condition of residential areas is seen from 7

attributes, namely: the availability of infrastructure networks; availability of public
transport; access to local activity centers; access to regional activity centers, the number
of underprivileged populations, the status of village development (IDM) and land prices.
The condition of the residential area in each village based on the economic dimension is
presented in Table 2.

Table 2

Condition of Residential Areas in Each Village Based on Economic Dimensions

Village
Name

Village
Economi
c Status
(IDM)

Availab
ility of
infrastr
ucture
network

Public
transpor
t
availabil
ity

Number
of Pre-
prospero
us
Populati
on (KK)

Land
Price
(Rp)

Distan
ce to
Local
activit
y
center
(km)

Distan
ce to
Regio
nal
activit
y
center
(km)

Ciantra
Self-

sufficien
t

Good
Limited
availabil

ity
115

7.077.
195

5,5 15

Cibatu
Self-

sufficien
t

good
availabl

e
42

11.493
.580

9,5 11

Pasirsari
Self-

sufficien
t

Good
availabl

e
386

6.474.
888

10,2 10,2

Attack
Self-

sufficien
t

keep
Limited
availabil

ity
1000

6.236.
744

3,6 8,3

Nur Handayani, Janthy T. Hidayat, Mujio

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6312

Sukadami
Self-

sufficien
t

Good
availabl

e
886

4.257.
096

2,2 8,9

Sukaresmi
Self-

sufficien
t

keep
availabl

e
542

7.497.
258

3,9 12,9

Sukasejati Forward Good
Limited
availabil

ity
300

2.548.
863

5,9 14

In the social dimension, the condition of residential areas is seen from 6 attributes,

namely: the level of social facility services; health service levels; level of educational
services; population growth rate; social conflicts; and community participation in
environmental management. (Anas et al., 2024). The condition of the residential area in
each village based on the economic dimension is presented in Table 3.

Table 3

Condition of Residential Areas in Each Village Based on Social Dimensions

Village
Name

Number of
social

facilities
(units)

Number
of Health
Facilities

(units)

Numb
er of

Educa
tional
Facili
ties

(units
)

Populatio
n Growth

Rate
(2021 -
2022)
%/year

Social
Conflic

Communit
y

participatio
n in

environmen
tal

manageme
nt

Places
of
Worshi
p

TP
U

Ciantra 46 7 7 35 0,05 Little keep
Cibatu 29 10 14 27 0,07 Little keep
Pasirsari 47 8 2 27 0,03 Little keep
Attack 43 9 8 20 0,04 none keep
Sukadami 60 10 5 34 0,06 Little keep
Sukaresm
i

46 6 4 12 0,01 Little keep

Sukasejati 15 1 2 10 0,05 Little keep

The population in the research area has a high tolerance and is open to various
ethnicities and religions, the guidance of religious leaders prevents the emergence of
social conflicts. Based on the results of interviews with respondents, the results were
obtained that social conflicts between communities rarely occurred. Community
participation in environmental management in the research area is quite limited. The
selection of organic and inorganic waste is rarely carried out, but some residents sort
waste and manage it in the waste bank, in general residents in the research area are aware
of the environment by planting vacant land to be used as a vegetable garden. (Buchori et
al., 2017).

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for the
Development of Residential Areas in South Cikarang District

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6313

In the institutional dimension, the condition of residential areas is seen from 4
attributes, namely: legal certainty over land (land ownership status); incompatibility of
residential land use with spatial patterns; availability of RTRW; and availability of
detailed plans. Guarantee of legal certainty regarding persons or legal entities who are
holders of land rights, and guarantees of legal certainty regarding the location, boundaries,
and area of a land plot are carried out through land registration. With land registration,
land rights holders will receive proof of land rights in the form of certificates. The
percentage of land plot area at the research site that has been certified is 74% of the area
of the research site.
Sustainability Status of Residential Areas

The analysis of the sustainability status in this study is based on 4 dimensions,
namely ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions, and involves 25
attributes. The unit of analysis in this analysis is based on the village administration area.
Ecological Dimension

Based on the ordinance value (MDS) for the ecological dimension, it shows that the
sustainability status varies from less sustainable to sustainable. Based on Table 5, 2
villages are less sustainable, namely Sukaresmi Village and Pasirsari Village. The main
ecological problems experienced by the 2 villages are poor air quality and the availability
of RTH which is less than 30%, this is exacerbated by the existence of the Jababeka Phase
2 Industrial Estate in Pasirsari Village and the East Jakarta Industrial Park Area in
Sukaresmi Village. Poor air quality and limited availability of RTH hurt population health
and environmental ecosystem disruption. Not only that, Sukaresmi Village also has a high
density of buildings in residential areas, which is 88% of the area of residential areas.
High building density means more land to be sacrificed, leading to environmental
degradation.

Table 5

Sustainability Status of Ecological Dimension

It Village
MDS

Values
Sustainability Status

1 Ciantra 78,5 Sustainable
2 Cibatu 82 Sustainable
3 Pasirsari 46,78 Less Sustainable
4 Attack 64,42 Quite sustainable
5 Sukadami 79,29 Sustainable
6 Sukaresmi 42,81 Less Sustainable
7 Sukasejati 72,69 Quite sustainable

Based on leverage analysis or leverage analysis, it shows that the attribute that has

the highest RMS value is the air quality attribute. This means that air quality has a major
impact on the overall condition of the residential areas in the study area. As such,
governments and other stakeholders need to focus on policies and actions to reduce air
pollution.

Nur Handayani, Janthy T. Hidayat, Mujio

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6314

Economic Dimension
The ordinance value (MDS for the economic dimension) shows that the

sustainability status only has two statuses, namely moderately sustainable and sustainable
(Table 6). Sukadami Village and Serang Village are villages with sustainable status,
meaning that these villages have high potential for the development of residential areas.
Serang Village has better access to local and regional activity centers than other villages
because Serang Village is the capital of South Cikarang District and the village has an
independent village economic status (IDM), meaning that the village can carry out village
development and provide a decent livelihood for its community.

Table 6
Sustainability Status of Economic Dimension

It Village
MDS

Values
Sustainability Status

1 Ciantra 66,8 Quite sustainable

2 Cibatu 71,32 Quite sustainable

3 Pasirsari 72,39 Quite sustainable

4 Attack 76,32 Sustainable

5 Sukadami 86,51 Sustainable

6 Sukaresmi 60,91 Quite sustainable

7 Sukasejati 48,66 Less Sustainable

Based on the leverage analysis, it shows that from the economic dimension, the

attributes that have the highest RMS value are the number of underprivileged people and
access to local activity centers. The high number of pre-prosperous residents shows that
the population in these areas has not been able to meet the basic needs of decent living
such as the needs of clothing, food, board, health, and education, so the government must
give priority to increasing these basic needs.
Social Dimension

The ordinance value (MDS) for the social dimension shows that the sustainability
status has three status criteria, namely less sustainable, moderately sustainable, and
sustainable (Table 7). The number of villages that have a less sustainable status is due to
the lack of health and education facilities in the village, for example, Sukadami Village
with the largest population in the region 47,031 people and has a higher population growth
rate than others villages that only have one health center and 4 clinics, so that the health
infrastructure is insufficient for the needs of its residents.

Table 7

Sustainability Status of Social Dimensions

It Village
MDS

Values
Sustainability Status

1 Ciantra 37,92 Less Sustainable
2 Cibatu 66,47 Quite sustainable
3 Pasirsari 49,8 Less Sustainable
4 Attack 79,46 Sustainable

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for the
Development of Residential Areas in South Cikarang District

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6315

5 Sukadami 36,26 Less Sustainable
6 Sukaresmi 56,35 Quite sustainable
7 Sukasejati 55,09 Quite sustainable

Based on the leverage analysis, it shows that from the social dimension, the attribute

that has the highest RMS value in South Cikarang District is the attribute of the population
growth rate. This means that the population growth rate is the most influential factor in
the sustainability of residential areas in South Cikarang District. Thus, the government
and stakeholders need to manage and control population growth effectively to maintain
the sustainability of residential areas.
Institutional Dimension

The ordinance value (MDS) of South Cikarang District for the institutional
dimension shows that the sustainability status has two status criteria, namely moderately
sustainable and sustainable (Table 8). Pasirsari Village has the lowest ordinance value
due to the high mismatch of residential locations with the spatial pattern of RTRW Bekasi
Regency in 2011-2031. This discrepancy can result in various problems that affect the
environmental, social, and economic dimensions of settlement sustainability. The average
village in the research area has a sustainable status due to the spatial suitability between
residential land use areas and spatial patterns, in addition that almost all land plots have
certificates (> 75%) so this reduces legal uncertainty related to land ownership, thus
allowing the government and developers to plan and manage residential areas by the
provisions set out in the Bekasi Regency RTRW.

Table 8

Sustainability Status of Institutional Dimension

It Village
MDS

Values
Sustainability Status

1 Ciantra 76,09 Sustainable

2 Cibatu 72,46 Quite sustainable

3 Pasirsari 51,97 Quite Sustainable

4 Attack 76,09 Sustainable

5 Sukadami 76,09 Sustainable

6 Sukaresmi 71,55 Quite sustainable

7 Sukasejati 85,41 Sustainable

In a multidimensional way, the sustainability status of the research area is

sustainable and quite sustainable. One village that is the object of the study has a
sustainable status and six villages have a fairly sustainable status, the results of the
sustainability status analysis are presented in Table 9. The kite diagram in Figure 3 shows
a comparison of sustainability index values between ecological, economic, social, and
institutional dimensions.

Nur Handayani, Janthy T. Hidayat, Mujio

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6316

Table 9

Multidimensional Sustainability Status

It Village
MDS Values By Dimension

Multidimension
al

Sustainability
Status

Ecolog
y

Economic
s

Social
Institutiona

1 Ciantra 78,5 66,8 37,92 76,09 59,66
Quite
sustainable

2 Cibatu 82 71,32 66,47 72,46 67,7
Quite
sustainable

3 Pasirsari 46,78 72,39 49,8 51,97 59,14
Quite
sustainable

4 Attack 64,42 76,32 79,46 76,09 75,76 Sustainable

5 Sukadami 79,29 86,51 36,26 76,09 70,26
Quite
sustainable

6
Sukaresm
i 42,81 60,91 56,35 71,55 54,94

Quite
sustainable

7
Sukasejat
i 72,69 48,66 55,09 85,41 63,21

Quite
sustainable

Figure 3. Multidimensional Durability Index Chart

In a multidimensional way, all villages in the research area are sustainable for the
development of new residential areas, but several villages have limiting factors such as
Sukaresmi Village and Pasirsari Village which have a less sustainable status in the
ecological dimension so they need solutions to improve ecological sustainability such as
the application of green industry in industrial areas that can reduce air pollution in the
research area. Sukasejati Village has a less sustainable status in the economic dimension
due to limitations in transportation facilities that reach the village area, where
transportation is available but without routes.

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for the
Development of Residential Areas in South Cikarang District

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6317

The analysis of sustainability status in South Cikarang District using Rapfish is
considered accurate which is indicated by the Stress value which is smaller than 0.25,
namely 0.13 to 0.17 and the determination coefficient (R2) is close to 1, namely 0.91 to
0.95 (Kavanagh and Pitcher, 2004). This shows that the results of the MDS analysis are
accurate in assessing the conditions of sustainable residential development in South
Cikarang District. (Figure 3).
Analysis of Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for Settlements

Land availability is obtained from land use by looking at land that can be converted
into residential land, land use that can be converted into residential land is non-developed
land such as moors, vacant land, and plantations. The analysis of land availability was
carried out to be able to see how much land can be used for settlement development.
Based on the land availability indicators in this study, the area of land that can be used
for the development of new residential areas is carried out by considering spatial pattern
indicators, land use, and LSD. Based on the allocation of the residential space pattern at
the research site, it can be known that the land area intended for the settlement function
is 2,580 ha. Based on the use of land, non-developed land that can be used as land for the
development of residential areas is the use of land with the type of use of open land,
gardens, and fields, which covers an area of 1,497 ha. Based on the 2021 LSD Map issued
by the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning, there is an LSD area outside the forest
area of 99.5 ha in South Cikarang District.

Based on the superimpose between the map for settlements, the map of non-built
land available, and the LSD map in the study area obtained a land availability area of 744
ha (Table 10 and Figure 4). The village with the largest available land area is Cibatu
Village while the village with the smallest available land area is Pasirsari Village. The
use of land in the village is dominated by industrial use and 70% of the area has been built
so that the village does not have a large land for the development of residential areas.

Table 10

Available Land Area
It Village Name Available Land Area (ha)
1 Ciantra 136
2 Cibatu 259
3 Pasirsari 26
4 Attack 55
5 Sukadami 101
6 Sukaresmi 69
7 Sukasejati 98

Sum 744

Nur Handayani, Janthy T. Hidayat, Mujio

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6318

Figure 4 Land Availability Map

The projection of residential land needs is carried out by calculating the projected

population and calculating the amount of land needed to build house plots and land for
residential facilities and infrastructure until 2031. The year 2031 is the final year of the
validity period of the Bekasi Regency RTRW. Based on the results of the calculation
using a geometric formula, the projected population in 2031 is 288,798 people, or an
increase of 120,855 people. If it is assumed that every 1 family consists of 4 family
members, the projected number of families in 2031 is 72,200 families or an increase of
7,553 families. The total land area requirement for residential areas in 2031 is obtained
from the assumption of proportions based on housing development patterns in Indonesia
with a balanced residential housing ratio of 1:2:3. Referring to SNI 03-1733-2004, the
minimum area of residential plots in urban areas is 72 m² for the medium type, 144 m²
for the medium type and 288 m² for the luxury type. In addition to the need for plots,
there is also a need for facilities and infrastructure activities that support the environment,
which is 30% of the residential land area. The total land requirement for residential areas
in 2031 is 526.6 ha (Table 11).

Table 11
Land Needs in 2031

It
Vill
age

Popula
tion

Additi
onal

Project
ions

Additio
nal

Projecti
on of
the

Number
of

Families

Land Requirement (m2) Facil
ities
and
Infra
struct
ure

Need
s

Total
Land
Need

Si
mpl

e
typ
e

(m
2)

Medium
Type
(m2)

Luxury
Type
(m2)

Total
(m2)

1
Cia
ntra 21.993 5.499

197
.96
4 263.952 263.952

725.
868

311.
086

1.03
6.95

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for the
Development of Residential Areas in South Cikarang District

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6319

2
Cib
atu 22.502 5.626

202
.53
6 270.048 270.048

742.
632

318.
271

1.06
0.90

Pas
irsa
ri 2.477 620

22.
320 29.760 29.760

81.8
40

35.0
74

116.
914

4
Att
ack 25.619 6.405

230
.58
0 307.440 307.440

845.
460

362.
340

1.20
7.80

Suk
ada
mi 30.629 7.658

275
.68
8 367.584 367.584

1.01
0.85

6
433.
224

1.44
4.08

Suk
are
smi 8.479 2.120

76.
320 101.760 101.760

279.
840

119.
931

399.
771

Suk
asej
ati 9.153 2.289

82.
404 109.872 109.872

302.
148

129.
492

431.
640

Sum
120.85

1 30.217

1.0
87.
812

1.450.41
6

3.98
8.64

1.57
9.92

5.26
6.42

Based on the availability of land with land needs for residential area development,
it is predicted that in 2031, the research area will lack land for residential area
development as much as 395 ha (Table 12).

Table 12

Comparison of land availability and needs in 2031

It Village Name
Available Land Area

(ha)

Land
Requirement

Area (ha)
Difference (ha)

1 Ciantra 136 207,39 -71,78
2 Cibatu 259 212,18 47,26
3 Pasirsari 26 23,38 2,49
4 Attack 55 241,56 -186,48
5 Sukadami 101 288,82 -187,37
6 Sukaresmi 69 79,95 -11,29
7 Sukasejati 98 86,33 11,86

Sum 744,30 1139,61 -395,31

Conclusion

1. By comparing the function of existing land use and spatial patterns, it can be seen that
in the research location, there is an inconsistency/inconsistency between the type of
existing residential land use and the spatial pattern, which is 328.91 ha. The highest
discrepancy is in the industrial designation function, which is 318.3, which can be an
indication of the development of residential areas in industrial designation locations.

Nur Handayani, Janthy T. Hidayat, Mujio

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6320

2. The availability of land for the development of residential areas is quite low, which is
only 14% of the total area of the research area, this happens because most of the areas
have been built;

3. Based on the results of the sustainability status analysis, the research area can be used
as a residential area development area because it has sufficient sustainability and
sustainability status.

4. Based on the projected land needs in 2031, four villages in the South Cikarang District
area are experiencing a shortage of land for settlements

Analysis of Sustainability Status, Land Availability and Projected Land Needs for the
Development of Residential Areas in South Cikarang District

Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2025 6321

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