p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 8 August 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3734

The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo,

Situbondo

Taufik Hidayat

, Yusfan Adeputera Yusron

, Susilo Kusdiwanggo

Universitas Ibrahimy Situbondo, Indonesia

, Universitas Brawijaya Malang,

Indonesia

2,3

Email:

[email protected]

, [email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

Keywords: spatial

transformations, building

shapes, pacenan house.

Pacenan house is a traditional house of the coastal area in

Situbondo. The architectural style of the Pacenan house is

adapted from the Tanean Panjang traditional house. The

spatial pattern of the Pacenan house differs from that of

Tanean Lanjhang, as the Pacenan house only has "roma"

(rooms) and "amper" (open spaces). However, over time, the

spatial patterns of the Pacenan house have transformed.

Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the

transformations in spatial patterns and their impact on the

building shapes of Pacenan houses in Sumberejo, Situbondo.

Research data was obtained through field observations and

interviews. The data was then analyzed descriptively. The

results indicate changes in spatial patterns occurring in

Pacenan houses in the village of Sumberejo, including the

addition of rooms and alterations in the function of spaces.

Transformations in spatial patterns are influenced by space

requirements, land availability, social factors, and economic

considerations. The impact of these changes in spatial

patterns varies; some result in alterations to the building's

form, while others do not transform the structure.

Introduction

Sumberejo Village is included in the area of Banyuputih District, Situbondo

Regency. Situbondo Regency is one part of the Horseshoe area. Horseshoe is a term for

the area given by Raden Wijaya the First King of Majapahit to Aria Wiraraja the King of

Sumenep (Ayu, 2020). In the 13th century, Aria Wiraraja ordered some of the Madurese

people to move to the Horseshoe area (Chafifah, 2023). The Madurese people who moved

brought a culture of settlement, including Tanean Lanjhang which was implemented in

Situbondo Regency. Tanean Lanjhang consists of Canaan (yard), house, vapour (kitchen),

cage and langar. Tanean Lanjhang in Situbondo Regency has adapted to the new

environment as a result of the way its residents adjust to the living environment. The

developments and changes that occur in architecture will occur along with the passage of

time and changes in the location where humans live (Santri, 2018). Humans are the

The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo, Situbondo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3735

dominant factor in influencing the spatial pattern of the Pacenan House. Rumah Pacenan

is an adaptation of Tanean Lanjhang. Pacenan houses have a strong character in spatial

elements that can be identified in their diversity (Yusran & Hadinata, 2019).

Figure 1 Location Map of Sumberejo Village (Hidayat, 2024)

Research conducted by (Arifurrohma, Koriawan, Erg, & Rediasa, 2016). The

research discussed the history and existence of the Pacenan House, the division of space,

the function of the space, ornaments, and the aesthetic value of the Pacenan House in

Anchor District, Situbondo Regency. The shape of a traditional building can be seen from

the legs, body, and head of a building. The Pacenan House consists of three parts, Res as

the legs, Kalambih as the body, and Tepas as the head.

Spatial change is one of the studies of morphology in architecture. Morphology is

the study of the form and shape of the residential environment. Morphological analysis

pays attention to changes in objects, both small, medium, and large changes (Setyabudi,

Sudikno, & Nugroho, 2012).

Taufik Hidayat, Yusfan Adeputera Yusron, Susilo Kusdiwanggo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3736

Figure 2

Parts of the Pace House (Hidayat, 2024)

Research Methods

The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a morphological analysis

approach. The object of the research is the Pacenan House in Sumberejo Village. The

subjects of the research are the residents of the house and the elders of the Sumberejo

Village community. The determination of samples was carried out using the Purposive

Sampling Technique, which is a sampling technique based on certain criteria

(Wakarmamu, 2022). The population of the building is 55 pieces inhabited by 53 families.

Based on the criteria of building maintenance, 28 building samples were selected.

The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo, Situbondo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3737

Figure 3 Map of the Distribution of Pacenan Houses (Hidayat, 2024)

The identification of the Pacenan House was carried out on the spatial aspect of the

building. Interviews were conducted with homeowners, builders, and elders of Sumberejo

Village who understood about the Pacenan House in the area. The synthesis was carried

out by juxtaposing and comparing the spatial changes of the Pacenan House with the

shape of the building.

Results and Discussion

The Lanjhang Tanean in the place of origin of the Madura Tribe consists of a team,

a house, a kitchen, a cage, and a langar. As described by Lintu Sulistiyantoro (Lintu

Tulistyantoro, 2005).

Taufik Hidayat, Yusfan Adeputera Yusron, Susilo Kusdiwanggo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3738

Figure 4 Plan of Tanean Lanjhang in Madura (Lintu Tulistyantoro, 2005)

The Pacenan house as part of the Panjang taken initially only had an amper room a

Roma room and a kitchen. The amper functions as a place to receive guests and the roma

functions as a place to rest the family and a place to store valuables while the kitchen as

a back room functions as a place to cook and eat (Amini et al., 2014).

Figure 5 Plan of the Pacenan House in Sumberejo (Hidayat, 2024)

Over time, there have been changes in the space of the Pacenan House. The

development and change in architecture along with the time and location where humans

live (Asikin, Wulandari, & Rukmi, 2019). The results of the study show that the spatial

changes of the Pacenan House in Sumberejo Village are the addition of space and changes

in the function of the space.

Space Addition

There are ten types of additional space in the Boarding House, namely:

1. Place the vapour next to the Roma.

2. Adding a roofless terrace with a structure attached to the core building.

3. Adding a roof terrace with a structure attached to the core building.

4. Adding a roof terrace and partition inside the Roma with the structure attached to the

core building.

5. Adding rooms in the Roma with structures attached to the core building.

6. Adding a roof terrace and rooms inside the Roma with the structure attached to the

core building.

The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo, Situbondo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3739

7. Adding rooms inside the Rome, and a kitchen next to the Roma with a structure

attached to the core building.

8. Adding a roofless terrace and separate kitchen with the core building with the exit

facing the core building.

9. Adding a roof terrace, warehouse, and kitchen separate from the core building.

The addition of a terrace attached to the core structure of the boarding house

changes the shape of the building. This is in line with the opinion (Santri, 2018) that the

spatial aspect as an architectural element is a character that is represented through

architectural forms so that it becomes a characteristic that describes a character in the

house

The addition of partitions and rooms to the roma did not change the shape of the

building. The addition of partitions is the impact of the increasing need for space due to

changes in residents' activities (Sosiawan, 2020).

The addition of a terrace to the Pacenan House was due to protect Tabing Tongkok

from rainwater and as a form of self-actualization of economic success. Social and

economic aspects are factors that affect the increase in outdoor space due to changes in

environmental status that cause an increase in the economic and social needs of residents.

Changes in the Function of the Space

The amper room is divided into two parts, namely on the left side the amper is

reserved for male guests, and on the right side it is reserved for female guests. Changes

in the function of the space that occurs in the Pacenan House only occur in the amper,

where the stall can be placed on the left or right side of the amper. Changes in the function

of the space in the amper do not change the shape of the building. Because the stalls

placed on the amper are left open without adding walls or partitions that change the shape

of the building. This can be analogized to the stall-like furniture placed in a room.

The picture below is a stall placed on the left side of the amper.

Figure 6 House with stalls on the left amper (Hidayat, 2024)

Taufik Hidayat, Yusfan Adeputera Yusron, Susilo Kusdiwanggo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3740

Figure 7 House with a stall on the right amper

(Hidayat, 2024)

Factors Affecting Changes in Space Function

The change in one part of the amper is caused by economic factors, namely,

homeowners need income from selling. The character of changes in the function of the

space follows the needs of residents by paying attention to several factors, including

health. Based on the categorization of case units, the degree of influence of changes on

old houses, the direction of the trend of change, and the comparison of cases of double-

purpose dwellings were obtained (Hartiningsih, 2012) To further complete this study, it

can also be done by examining migrant settlements with various ethnic differences with

differences (Absari, Antariksa, & Yusran, 2023).

Table 2

Spatial changes to the house plan

No.

Building Plans

Change

Adding a roof terrace,

the position of the

kitchen door facing

back

Adding an open terrace

and the position of the

exit door facing the left

side

The position of the exit

door faces the right

side

Increase the width of

the vapour and the

position of the exit

door facing the front

The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo, Situbondo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3741

No.

Building Plans

Change

Adding a roof terrace

and the position of the

exit door facing the

right

Adding a roof terrace

and the position of the

exit door facing the

front and back

Adding a kitchen next

to the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, the

position of the exit

door facing the front

Adding a roofless

terrace and a power

behind the Roma with

the structure attached

to the core building,

with the exit door

facing the left side

Adding a roof terrace

and a roof behind the

Roma with the

structure attached to

the core building, with

the exit door facing the

back

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the exit

door facing the right

side

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the exit

door facing the right

side

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the

Taufik Hidayat, Yusfan Adeputera Yusron, Susilo Kusdiwanggo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3742

No.

Building Plans

Change

kitchen door exiting

facing the left side

Adding a roof terrace

and a roof behind the

Roma with the

structure attached to

the core building, with

the exit door facing the

left side

Adding a roof terrace

and a roof behind the

Roma with the

structure attached to

the core building, with

the exit door facing the

left side

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the exit

door facing the front

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the exit

door facing the front

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the exit

door facing the front

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the exit

door facing the front

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building, with

The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo, Situbondo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3743

No.

Building Plans

Change

the position of the exit

door facing the front

Adding a roof terrace

and a kitchen behind

the Roma with the

structure attached to

the core building, with

the position of the exit

door facing the front

and back

Adding a roof terrace, a

partition inside the

Roma, and a kitchen

behind the Roma with

the structure attached

to the core building

with the position of the

exit door facing the

right side

Adding a room inside

the Roma and a vapour

behind the Roma with a

structure attached to

the core building with

the position of the exit

door facing the back

Adding a roof terrace,

a room inside the

Roma, and a kitchen

behind the Roma with

a structure attached to

the core building with

the position of the exit

door facing the right

side

Adding a roof terrace,

a room inside the

Roma, and a kitchen

behind the Roma with

a structure attached to

the core building with

the position of the exit

door facing the right

side

Adding a roof terrace,

a room inside the

Roma, and a kitchen

behind the Roma with

a structure attached to

the core building with

the position of the

Taufik Hidayat, Yusfan Adeputera Yusron, Susilo Kusdiwanggo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3744

No.

Building Plans

Change

kitchen door exit

facing the right side

Adding a room inside

the Roma, and a

vapour next to the

Roma with a structure

attached to the core

building with the

position of the exit

door facing the front

Adding a roofless

terrace and separate

kitchen with the core

building with the exit

facing the core

building

Adding a roof terrace,

warehouse, and kitchen

separate from the core

building where the exit

position faces the

Panjang taken

Conclusion

The purpose of this study is to find out the changes in space in Pacenan's house in

Sumberejo Village and its influence on the shape of the building. Spatial changes in the

Pacenan House consist of additional space and changes in spatial functions. There are 9

types of space additions and one type of room function change. The addition of space in

Pacenan's house is caused by functional factors and social factors. Changes in the function

of space in the Pacenan House are caused by economic factors.

The addition of space that results in a change in the shape of the building is the

addition of a roof terrace and a kitchen. The addition of space that does not change the

shape of the building is the addition of rooms in the Roma. Changes in the function of the

space in the amper do not change the shape of the building.

The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo, Situbondo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2024 3745

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