The Spatial Patterns of Pacenan House in Sumberejo, Situbondo

ABSTRACT


Introduction
Sumberejo Village is included in the area of Banyuputih District, Situbondo Regency.Situbondo Regency is one part of the Horseshoe area.Horseshoe is a term for the area given by Raden Wijaya the First King of Majapahit to Aria Wiraraja the King of Sumenep (Ayu, 2020).In the 13th century, Aria Wiraraja ordered some of the Madurese people to move to the Horseshoe area (Chafifah, 2023).The Madurese people who moved brought a culture of settlement, including Tanean Lanjhang which was implemented in Situbondo Regency.Tanean Lanjhang consists of Canaan (yard), house, vapour (kitchen), cage and langar.Tanean Lanjhang in Situbondo Regency has adapted to the new environment as a result of the way its residents adjust to the living environment.The developments and changes that occur in architecture will occur along with the passage of time and changes in the location where humans live (Santri, 2018).Humans are the dominant factor in influencing the spatial pattern of the Pacenan House.Rumah Pacenan is an adaptation of Tanean Lanjhang.Pacenan houses have a strong character in spatial elements that can be identified in their diversity (Yusran & Hadinata, 2019).Research conducted by (Arifurrohma, Koriawan, Erg, & Rediasa, 2016).The research discussed the history and existence of the Pacenan House, the division of space, the function of the space, ornaments, and the aesthetic value of the Pacenan House in Anchor District, Situbondo Regency.The shape of a traditional building can be seen from the legs, body, and head of a building.The Pacenan House consists of three parts, Res as the legs, Kalambih as the body, and Tepas as the head.
Spatial change is one of the studies of morphology in architecture.Morphology is the study of the form and shape of the residential environment.Morphological analysis pays attention to changes in objects, both small, medium, and large changes (Setyabudi,

Research Methods
The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a morphological analysis approach.The object of the research is the Pacenan House in Sumberejo Village.The subjects of the research are the residents of the house and the elders of the Sumberejo Village community.The determination of samples was carried out using the Purposive Sampling Technique, which is a sampling technique based on certain criteria (Wakarmamu, 2022).The population of the building is 55 pieces inhabited by 53 families.Based on the criteria of building maintenance, 28 building samples were selected.The identification of the Pacenan House was carried out on the spatial aspect of the building.Interviews were conducted with homeowners, builders, and elders of Sumberejo Village who understood about the Pacenan House in the area.The synthesis was carried out by juxtaposing and comparing the spatial changes of the Pacenan House with the shape of the building.

Results and Discussion
The Lanjhang Tanean in the place of origin of the Madura Tribe consists of a team, a house, a kitchen, a cage, and a langar.As described by Lintu Sulistiyantoro (Lintu Tulistyantoro, 2005).The Pacenan house as part of the Panjang taken initially only had an amper room a Roma room and a kitchen.The amper functions as a place to receive guests and the roma functions as a place to rest the family and a place to store valuables while the kitchen as a back room functions as a place to cook and eat (Amini et al., 2014).Over time, there have been changes in the space of the Pacenan House.The development and change in architecture along with the time and location where humans live (Asikin, Wulandari, & Rukmi, 2019).The results of the study show that the spatial changes of the Pacenan House in Sumberejo Village are the addition of space and changes in the function of the space.

Space Addition
There are ten types of additional space in the Boarding House, namely: 1. Place the vapour next to the Roma.2. Adding a roofless terrace with a structure attached to the core building.3. Adding a roof terrace with a structure attached to the core building.4. Adding a roof terrace and partition inside the Roma with the structure attached to the core building.5. Adding rooms in the Roma with structures attached to the core building.6. Adding a roof terrace and rooms inside the Roma with the structure attached to the core building.
7. Adding rooms inside the Rome, and a kitchen next to the Roma with a structure attached to the core building.8. Adding a roofless terrace and separate kitchen with the core building with the exit facing the core building.9. Adding a roof terrace, warehouse, and kitchen separate from the core building.
The addition of a terrace attached to the core structure of the boarding house changes the shape of the building.This is in line with the opinion (Santri, 2018) that the spatial aspect as an architectural element is a character that is represented through architectural forms so that it becomes a characteristic that describes a character in the house The addition of partitions and rooms to the roma did not change the shape of the building.The addition of partitions is the impact of the increasing need for space due to changes in residents' activities (Sosiawan, 2020).
The addition of a terrace to the Pacenan House was due to protect Tabing Tongkok from rainwater and as a form of self-actualization of economic success.Social and economic aspects are factors that affect the increase in outdoor space due to changes in environmental status that cause an increase in the economic and social needs of residents.

Changes in the Function of the Space
The amper room is divided into two parts, namely on the left side the amper is reserved for male guests, and on the right side it is reserved for female guests.Changes in the function of the space that occurs in the Pacenan House only occur in the amper, where the stall can be placed on the left or right side of the amper.Changes in the function of the space in the amper do not change the shape of the building.Because the stalls placed on the amper are left open without adding walls or partitions that change the shape of the building.This can be analogized to the stall-like furniture placed in a room.The picture below is a stall placed on the left side of the amper.

Factors Affecting Changes in Space Function
The change in one part of the amper is caused by economic factors, namely, homeowners need income from selling.The character of changes in the function of the space follows the needs of residents by paying attention to several factors, including health.Based on the categorization of case units, the degree of influence of changes on old houses, the direction of the trend of change, and the comparison of cases of doublepurpose dwellings were obtained (Hartiningsih, 2012) To further complete this study, it can also be done by examining migrant settlements with various ethnic differences with differences (Absari, Antariksa, & Yusran, 2023).

Conclusion
The purpose of this study is to find out the changes in space in Pacenan's house in Sumberejo Village and its influence on the shape of the building.Spatial changes in the Pacenan House consist of additional space and changes in spatial functions.There are 9 types of space additions and one type of room function change.The addition of space in Pacenan's house is caused by functional factors and social factors.Changes in the function of space in the Pacenan House are caused by economic factors.
The addition of space that results in a change in the shape of the building is the addition of a roof terrace and a kitchen.The addition of space that does not change the shape of the building is the addition of rooms in the Roma.Changes in the function of the space in the amper do not change the shape of the building.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Parts of the Pace House (Hidayat, 2024)

Figure 3
Figure 3 Map of the Distribution of Pacenan Houses (Hidayat, 2024)

Figure 6 Figure 7
Figure 6 House with stalls on the left amper (Hidayat, 2024) a kitchen behind the Roma with the structure attached to the core building with the position of the exit door facing the right side 22 Adding a room inside the Roma and a vapour behind the Roma with a structure attached to the core building with the position of the exit door facing the back 23 Adding a roof terrace, a room inside the Roma, and a kitchen behind the Roma with a structure attached to the core building with the position of the exit door facing the right side 24 Adding a roof terrace, a room inside the Roma, and a kitchen behind the Roma with a structure attached to the core building with the position of the exit door facing the right side 25 Adding a roof terrace, a room inside the Roma, and a kitchen behind the Roma with a structure attached to the core building with the position of the