p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5053
Implementation of the Transpolitan Program on Labor
Absorption in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) in
Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Herlin Rahma Fauzia1*, Muhammad Hanri2
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: village-owned
enterprise; transposition;
employment.
Transposition is a government program to revitalize
transmigration areas with a new paradigm. One indicator of
Transpolitan's success in the economic dimension is that it
can optimize the role of BUMDes as a legal entity that can
manage village assets, where the BUMDes workforce
absorption rate is the clearest indicator for assessing
BUMDe's performance. Based on the results of research
conducted quantitatively, it was concluded that the internal
variables: transportation, population number of people, rural
markets, credit facilities, retail trade, and tourist attractions
have a significant influence on the workforce of BUMDes.
However, partially the Transpolitan variable does not have a
significant effect on the absorption of BUMDes workforce
in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Transposition does not have enough of an impact because it
is felt that this program has not been massively socialized to
the community so it has not aroused people's interest in
transmigrating to the Mutiara Area, Muna Regency,
Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Introduction
(Sukarno, Siregar, & Yustina, 2023) explained that basically, transposition is a
program to change the old paradigm of transmigration by making changes to regional
spatial planning, management, human resources, and livelihoods. In the spatial
dimension, Transpolitan is trying to improve the spatial concept of the previous
transmigration area, namely settlements that are far between houses and partially built
infrastructure, which causes the mobility of residents to carry out social activities and get
basic services hampered (Sudarsono, Dwimawanti, & Fauziah, 2023) . The spatial layout
of the area that adopts Transpolitan will place transmigrant settlements in the center of
the area so that transmigrant residents will feel at home and carry out economic, social,
and cultural activities more comfortably (Sadali & Rosewidiadari, 2020).
The management of transmigration areas with Transpolitan involves 5 (five)
stakeholders, namely the community, government, companies/private sectors, academics,
Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5053
Implementation of the Transpolitan Program on Labor
Absorption in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) in
Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Herlin Rahma Fauzia1*, Muhammad Hanri2
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: village-owned
enterprise; transposition;
employment.
Transposition is a government program to revitalize
transmigration areas with a new paradigm. One indicator of
Transpolitan's success in the economic dimension is that it
can optimize the role of BUMDes as a legal entity that can
manage village assets, where the BUMDes workforce
absorption rate is the clearest indicator for assessing
BUMDe's performance. Based on the results of research
conducted quantitatively, it was concluded that the internal
variables: transportation, population number of people, rural
markets, credit facilities, retail trade, and tourist attractions
have a significant influence on the workforce of BUMDes.
However, partially the Transpolitan variable does not have a
significant effect on the absorption of BUMDes workforce
in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Transposition does not have enough of an impact because it
is felt that this program has not been massively socialized to
the community so it has not aroused people's interest in
transmigrating to the Mutiara Area, Muna Regency,
Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Introduction
(Sukarno, Siregar, & Yustina, 2023) explained that basically, transposition is a
program to change the old paradigm of transmigration by making changes to regional
spatial planning, management, human resources, and livelihoods. In the spatial
dimension, Transpolitan is trying to improve the spatial concept of the previous
transmigration area, namely settlements that are far between houses and partially built
infrastructure, which causes the mobility of residents to carry out social activities and get
basic services hampered (Sudarsono, Dwimawanti, & Fauziah, 2023) . The spatial layout
of the area that adopts Transpolitan will place transmigrant settlements in the center of
the area so that transmigrant residents will feel at home and carry out economic, social,
and cultural activities more comfortably (Sadali & Rosewidiadari, 2020).
The management of transmigration areas with Transpolitan involves 5 (five)
stakeholders, namely the community, government, companies/private sectors, academics,
Herlin Rahma Fauzia, Muhammad Hanri
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5054
and the media to work on transmigration areas. Unlike before, where the development of
transmigration areas only depends on the role of the central and regional governments.
That way, the acceleration of development will be achieved because all parties play an
important role. A problem that always recurs from the transmigration program is that
transmigrants do not feel at home living overseas because of the limited knowledge and
skills to cultivate the land that has been provided by the government. In contrast to the
old concept, Transpolitan prioritizes the development of quality human resources with
good educational backgrounds, work skills, and understanding of information technology.
Quality human resources are needed because with the Transpolitan concept, there will be
many livelihoods created not only in the agricultural sector like the previous
transmigration program. Transmigrants are encouraged to be able to develop a creative
economy by utilizing natural resources (SDA) in the region (Rizkia, Priadana, & Santoso,
2023).
From the beginning of the implementation of the transmigration program, the main
target is to open more jobs for residents on the island of Java who have not yet worked
due to the high competition for jobs. According to data from the Population Distribution
Arrangement System in the Transmigration Area, as many as 13,396 heads of families or
50,856 people have transmigrated from 2015 to 2024. This number shows the high
number of job opportunities with transmigration. Transposition as a program to revitalize
the Transmigration Area according to (Jumiatun & Setyaningsih, 2023) has a greater
opportunity to attract the interest of Indonesian residents to migrate and get better job
opportunities .
This research was carried out to examine the impact of the Transpolitan program
implemented in Muna Regency on the absorption of labor, especially those working in
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Muna Regency. The variable of labor
absorption in BUMDes was chosen because of the research of Ramadan, Ribawanto, and
Suwondo (2013) BUMDes is an economic institution at the smallest government level,
namely a village that should be able to move the wheels of the village economy. After all,
it has access to manage village assets to develop village potential (Miyanti, Rini, & Luthfi,
2017).
The multiplier effect is a terminology in economics that explains the impact of
economic growth and development due to changes in investment variables, government
expenditures, and economic conditions. The multiplier number is used to determine the
development gap that may occur between regions. (Syahza, 2012) explained that
disadvantaged villages are located in areas with low population density so their potential
to develop is hampered due to the small population so community activities are less
dynamic.
Method
This study uses secondary data. Secondary data is a source of data that is obtained
indirectly, one of which is through documents. Secondary data is sourced from books,
theses, and journals related to the research being carried out (Noor, 2011). Data in the
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5054
and the media to work on transmigration areas. Unlike before, where the development of
transmigration areas only depends on the role of the central and regional governments.
That way, the acceleration of development will be achieved because all parties play an
important role. A problem that always recurs from the transmigration program is that
transmigrants do not feel at home living overseas because of the limited knowledge and
skills to cultivate the land that has been provided by the government. In contrast to the
old concept, Transpolitan prioritizes the development of quality human resources with
good educational backgrounds, work skills, and understanding of information technology.
Quality human resources are needed because with the Transpolitan concept, there will be
many livelihoods created not only in the agricultural sector like the previous
transmigration program. Transmigrants are encouraged to be able to develop a creative
economy by utilizing natural resources (SDA) in the region (Rizkia, Priadana, & Santoso,
2023).
From the beginning of the implementation of the transmigration program, the main
target is to open more jobs for residents on the island of Java who have not yet worked
due to the high competition for jobs. According to data from the Population Distribution
Arrangement System in the Transmigration Area, as many as 13,396 heads of families or
50,856 people have transmigrated from 2015 to 2024. This number shows the high
number of job opportunities with transmigration. Transposition as a program to revitalize
the Transmigration Area according to (Jumiatun & Setyaningsih, 2023) has a greater
opportunity to attract the interest of Indonesian residents to migrate and get better job
opportunities .
This research was carried out to examine the impact of the Transpolitan program
implemented in Muna Regency on the absorption of labor, especially those working in
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Muna Regency. The variable of labor
absorption in BUMDes was chosen because of the research of Ramadan, Ribawanto, and
Suwondo (2013) BUMDes is an economic institution at the smallest government level,
namely a village that should be able to move the wheels of the village economy. After all,
it has access to manage village assets to develop village potential (Miyanti, Rini, & Luthfi,
2017).
The multiplier effect is a terminology in economics that explains the impact of
economic growth and development due to changes in investment variables, government
expenditures, and economic conditions. The multiplier number is used to determine the
development gap that may occur between regions. (Syahza, 2012) explained that
disadvantaged villages are located in areas with low population density so their potential
to develop is hampered due to the small population so community activities are less
dynamic.
Method
This study uses secondary data. Secondary data is a source of data that is obtained
indirectly, one of which is through documents. Secondary data is sourced from books,
theses, and journals related to the research being carried out (Noor, 2011). Data in the
Implementation of the Transpolitan Program on Labor Absorption in Village-Owned
Enterprises (BUMDES) in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5055
form of 121 villages in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, and their potentials
were obtained from village potential data (podes) issued by the Central Statistics Agency
(BPS). The data of 29 villages included in the Transpolitan program was collected from
the data of the Integrated Map Information System of the Transmigration Area. Data
related to the number of workers in BUMDes in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Province was obtained from data published by the Village Development and Information
Agency, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration of the Ministry of Villages,
Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration.
Results and Discussion
Econometrics model
TK BUMDes = β0 + β1Trans + β2PPL + β3PD + β4FK + β5PR + β6TW
Information:
γ = BUMDes Workforce
x1 = Transpolitan
x2 = Population Number of People
x3 = Village Market
x4 = Credit Facility
x5 = Pedagan Retail
x6 = Tourist Attractions
Variable Description Unit
BUMDes
Kindergarten
Number of workers
in BUMDes in Muna
Regency
Number of people
β1Trans Village status with
the Transpolitan
program
1 = ada program
transpolitan
0 = no transpolitan
program
β2PPL Population in Muna
Regency
Number of people
β2PPL Village market 1 = There is a village
market program
0 = no village market
b4FK Credit facilities from
banks or non-bank
financial institutions
1 = There is a credit
facility
0 = no credit facility
b5PR Retail traders
(supermarkets/stores)
1 = There is a retail
merchant
0 = no retail
merchants
Enterprises (BUMDES) in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5055
form of 121 villages in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, and their potentials
were obtained from village potential data (podes) issued by the Central Statistics Agency
(BPS). The data of 29 villages included in the Transpolitan program was collected from
the data of the Integrated Map Information System of the Transmigration Area. Data
related to the number of workers in BUMDes in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Province was obtained from data published by the Village Development and Information
Agency, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration of the Ministry of Villages,
Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration.
Results and Discussion
Econometrics model
TK BUMDes = β0 + β1Trans + β2PPL + β3PD + β4FK + β5PR + β6TW
Information:
γ = BUMDes Workforce
x1 = Transpolitan
x2 = Population Number of People
x3 = Village Market
x4 = Credit Facility
x5 = Pedagan Retail
x6 = Tourist Attractions
Variable Description Unit
BUMDes
Kindergarten
Number of workers
in BUMDes in Muna
Regency
Number of people
β1Trans Village status with
the Transpolitan
program
1 = ada program
transpolitan
0 = no transpolitan
program
β2PPL Population in Muna
Regency
Number of people
β2PPL Village market 1 = There is a village
market program
0 = no village market
b4FK Credit facilities from
banks or non-bank
financial institutions
1 = There is a credit
facility
0 = no credit facility
b5PR Retail traders
(supermarkets/stores)
1 = There is a retail
merchant
0 = no retail
merchants
Herlin Rahma Fauzia, Muhammad Hanri
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5056
b6TW Tourist Attractions 1 = There are tourist
attractions
0 = no tourist
attractions
Regression results with OLS
γ=3,177+0,377x1+0,185x2+0,563x3+1,471x4+0,939x5+4,051x6
The value of 3.177 is a constant or variable state of BUMDes' workforce that has
not been influenced by other variables, namely transposition (X1), population number of
people (X2), village market (X3), credit facilities (X4), retail traders (X5), and tourist
attractions (X6). The value shows a positive influence which means that if there is no
independent variable, the value of the BUMDes workforce is 3,177.
1. Transpolitan (X1) has a regression coefficient value of 0.377, showing that the
transposition variable has a positive influence, namely if there is 1 (one) region
implementing transposition, it will affect the absorption of labor in BUMDes by 0.377
2. The population of the number of people (X2) has a regression coefficient value of
0.185, showing that every addition of people in the population will have a positive
influence on the absorption of BUMDes labor force of 0.185.
3. The Village Market (X3) has a regression coefficient value of 0.563, showing that the
existence of the village market variable has a positive influence on the absorption of
BUMDes labor of 0.507.
4. The credit facility (X4) has a regression coefficient value of 1.471, meaning that the
existence of 1 (one) credit facility affects the absorption of BUMDes labor of 1.471.
5. Retail traders (X5) have a regression coefficient value of 0.939, showing that the retail
trader variable has a positive influence on the BUMDes workforce. This means that
the existence of retail traders will affect the absorption of BUMDes labor by 0.939.
6. Tourist attractions (X6) have a regression coefficient value of 4.051, so it can be
interpreted that tourist attractions will affect the absorption of BUMDes labor by 4.05.
Discussions about Transpolitan began in 2019 when the concept of Transpolitan
was introduced. The concept of transposition in Indonesia includes the application of
science and technology-based Transmigration, the development of superior products in
rural areas, and stakeholder cooperation in Pentahelix. The acceleration of development
in Indonesia is carried out through region-based development. According to
(Hafizzanovian, Oktariana, Apriansyah, & Yuniza, 2021), Transpolitan in Indonesia has
opportunities to be developed. Transposition is an interesting variable to be researched
because public interest in transmigration is still very large. According to data from the
Population Distribution Arrangement System in Transmigration Areas, the statistics of
the population that transmigrated by age group were dominated by residents with
productive age, namely 5% were transmigrants in the age group of late adolescence (17-
25 years old), 23.3% were transmigrants in the age group of early adulthood (26-35 years)
and 29.5% were transmigrants in the age group of late adulthood (36-45 years old).
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5056
b6TW Tourist Attractions 1 = There are tourist
attractions
0 = no tourist
attractions
Regression results with OLS
γ=3,177+0,377x1+0,185x2+0,563x3+1,471x4+0,939x5+4,051x6
The value of 3.177 is a constant or variable state of BUMDes' workforce that has
not been influenced by other variables, namely transposition (X1), population number of
people (X2), village market (X3), credit facilities (X4), retail traders (X5), and tourist
attractions (X6). The value shows a positive influence which means that if there is no
independent variable, the value of the BUMDes workforce is 3,177.
1. Transpolitan (X1) has a regression coefficient value of 0.377, showing that the
transposition variable has a positive influence, namely if there is 1 (one) region
implementing transposition, it will affect the absorption of labor in BUMDes by 0.377
2. The population of the number of people (X2) has a regression coefficient value of
0.185, showing that every addition of people in the population will have a positive
influence on the absorption of BUMDes labor force of 0.185.
3. The Village Market (X3) has a regression coefficient value of 0.563, showing that the
existence of the village market variable has a positive influence on the absorption of
BUMDes labor of 0.507.
4. The credit facility (X4) has a regression coefficient value of 1.471, meaning that the
existence of 1 (one) credit facility affects the absorption of BUMDes labor of 1.471.
5. Retail traders (X5) have a regression coefficient value of 0.939, showing that the retail
trader variable has a positive influence on the BUMDes workforce. This means that
the existence of retail traders will affect the absorption of BUMDes labor by 0.939.
6. Tourist attractions (X6) have a regression coefficient value of 4.051, so it can be
interpreted that tourist attractions will affect the absorption of BUMDes labor by 4.05.
Discussions about Transpolitan began in 2019 when the concept of Transpolitan
was introduced. The concept of transposition in Indonesia includes the application of
science and technology-based Transmigration, the development of superior products in
rural areas, and stakeholder cooperation in Pentahelix. The acceleration of development
in Indonesia is carried out through region-based development. According to
(Hafizzanovian, Oktariana, Apriansyah, & Yuniza, 2021), Transpolitan in Indonesia has
opportunities to be developed. Transposition is an interesting variable to be researched
because public interest in transmigration is still very large. According to data from the
Population Distribution Arrangement System in Transmigration Areas, the statistics of
the population that transmigrated by age group were dominated by residents with
productive age, namely 5% were transmigrants in the age group of late adolescence (17-
25 years old), 23.3% were transmigrants in the age group of early adulthood (26-35 years)
and 29.5% were transmigrants in the age group of late adulthood (36-45 years old).
Implementation of the Transpolitan Program on Labor Absorption in Village-Owned
Enterprises (BUMDES) in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5057
The concept of the Transpolitan program which focuses on the participation of
various stakeholders by utilizing advances in information technology in processing the
region's superior potential for community welfare is the purpose of establishing BUMDes
as mandated in the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of
2021 concerning Village-Owned Enterprises. It is explained that BUMDes is a legal entity
established by the village and/or together with the villages to manage the business, utilize
assets, develop investment and productivity, provide services, and/or provide other types
of businesses for the maximum welfare of the village community. (Harjanti, 2021)
revealed in their research that BUMDes play an important role in the village economy
and reduce the unemployment rate in the village (Ningsih & Najamuddin, 2021).
In this study, unfortunately, Transpolitan as a new paradigm in the development of
transmigration areas has not had a significant effect on the performance of BUMDes,
especially in terms of labor absorption. Other factors are still more influential than
Transpolitan as a variable, but it is possible that if the Transpolitan grand design is carried
out well, especially in terms of promotion through the media, more people will
transmigrate so that the workforce is absorbed more, especially in BUMDes which is a
village business unit that was established inclusively for the village community itself.
Conclusion
Transposition is a government program to revitalize the transmigration area with a
new paradigm. Transposition was made with a grand design involving the government,
the community, entrepreneurs/the private sector, academics, and the media (Pentahelix)
so that transmigrant residents get a better life because the environment where they live
has been prepared in such a way. One of the indicators of Transpolitan's success in the
economic dimension is to be able to optimize the role of BUMDes as a legal entity that
can manage village assets, where the employment rate of BUMDes is the clearest
indicator to assess the performance of BUMDes.
Based on the results of the research conducted quantitatively, it was concluded
that the independent variables: transpolitan, population of people, village markets, credit
facilities, retail vendors, and tourist attractions have a significant effect on the workforce
of BUMDes (Y). This statement is supported by the results of the determination
coefficient analysis, where the independent variable influences 25% contribution to the
BUMDes workforce.
However, partially the Transpolitan variable and the village market did not have
a significant effect on the absorption of labor in BUMdes in Muna Regency, Southeast
Sulawesi Province. Transposition is not enough to feel the impact because this program
has not been massively socialized to the community so it has not aroused people's interest
in transmigrating to the Mutiara Area, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Enterprises (BUMDES) in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5057
The concept of the Transpolitan program which focuses on the participation of
various stakeholders by utilizing advances in information technology in processing the
region's superior potential for community welfare is the purpose of establishing BUMDes
as mandated in the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of
2021 concerning Village-Owned Enterprises. It is explained that BUMDes is a legal entity
established by the village and/or together with the villages to manage the business, utilize
assets, develop investment and productivity, provide services, and/or provide other types
of businesses for the maximum welfare of the village community. (Harjanti, 2021)
revealed in their research that BUMDes play an important role in the village economy
and reduce the unemployment rate in the village (Ningsih & Najamuddin, 2021).
In this study, unfortunately, Transpolitan as a new paradigm in the development of
transmigration areas has not had a significant effect on the performance of BUMDes,
especially in terms of labor absorption. Other factors are still more influential than
Transpolitan as a variable, but it is possible that if the Transpolitan grand design is carried
out well, especially in terms of promotion through the media, more people will
transmigrate so that the workforce is absorbed more, especially in BUMDes which is a
village business unit that was established inclusively for the village community itself.
Conclusion
Transposition is a government program to revitalize the transmigration area with a
new paradigm. Transposition was made with a grand design involving the government,
the community, entrepreneurs/the private sector, academics, and the media (Pentahelix)
so that transmigrant residents get a better life because the environment where they live
has been prepared in such a way. One of the indicators of Transpolitan's success in the
economic dimension is to be able to optimize the role of BUMDes as a legal entity that
can manage village assets, where the employment rate of BUMDes is the clearest
indicator to assess the performance of BUMDes.
Based on the results of the research conducted quantitatively, it was concluded
that the independent variables: transpolitan, population of people, village markets, credit
facilities, retail vendors, and tourist attractions have a significant effect on the workforce
of BUMDes (Y). This statement is supported by the results of the determination
coefficient analysis, where the independent variable influences 25% contribution to the
BUMDes workforce.
However, partially the Transpolitan variable and the village market did not have
a significant effect on the absorption of labor in BUMdes in Muna Regency, Southeast
Sulawesi Province. Transposition is not enough to feel the impact because this program
has not been massively socialized to the community so it has not aroused people's interest
in transmigrating to the Mutiara Area, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Herlin Rahma Fauzia, Muhammad Hanri
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 5058
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Jumiatun, Jumiatun, & Setyaningsih, Pujiati. (2023). Konsumsi Makanan Bergizi Dalam
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