p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 7 July 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3305

The Implications of the Pekanbaru–Dumai Toll Road

Construction Policy on the Socio-Economic Conditions of the

Communities of the Bukit Kapur District, Dumai City

3

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

Keywords: development,

toll roads, socio,

economic.

Physical development carried out by the Government includes infrastructure

development. One of the infrastructure developments that are being implemented by the

Government is the construction of national roads in various regions in Indonesia.

Infrastructure plays an important role in realizing social interaction and the continuity of

social and economic systems (Nugroho, 2023). If the condition of infrastructure is getting

better, then the influence on social interaction and economic conditions of a region is also

getting better and can even spur the development and progress of the region. This is

because infrastructure has a directing function, shaping the platform by spurring regional

growth. The availability of public infrastructure facilities related to social services for the

community by the government (Haqqi, 2022).

the explanation above, the conclusion is that the success of infrastructure development

can be assessed by how much positive impact it can have on improving community

welfare (Pangestu, Rahmadianti, Hardiyanti, & Yusida, 2021).

One of the main elements of improving national and state life is the road which is

an infrastructure for fostering the unity of the nation, the functions of society, and the

territory of the state to achieve national goals (Yusrie, Aminah, Wasliman, & Sauri,

2021). Roads are the main national transportation system in supporting mobility and

connectivity in the social, economic, and cultural sectors which are the responsibility of

the government and are developed with a regional development approach so that equitable

and balanced development between regions can be achieved, strengthen and form national

Number 18 of 2020 concerning the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020 to

2024. In the 2015 to 2019 RPJMN, the Government targeted 6,000 kilometres of new

road sections with the realization of 4,334 kilometres of new road sections by the end of

2019, while the target by the end of 2024 is 5,500 kilometres of new road sections planned

to be built (Kusuma, 2022).

The massive construction of roads is because road infrastructure is the main thing

in supporting the equitable distribution of basic rights of the community, such as clothing,

food, and boards (Sebayang, 2018). The existence of road construction can give birth to

a multiplier effect on human life. Road construction has a long-term goal, which is to

form solid guidelines for the growth and development of personal strength, towards a just,

prosperous, and advanced Indonesian society by the mandate of Pancasila (Simanjuntak,

Mukhlis, & Pratama, 2021). So that there is an urgency for road construction to reduce

the gap and fulfil the results of development between regions, between cities, and between

villages to improve transportation services efficiently, safely, quality, credible, and

affordable and to give birth to a national transportation system that is integrated between

multimedia through regional development in a single system that allows connectivity and

binds the entire territory of the Republic of Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to find out and describe the implications of the

Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road development policy and the factors that affect changes in

social conditions in the affected areas. The following is a description of the objectives:

intervention of researchers. Revealed that qualitative research was carried out because

researchers were interested in exploring phenomena that could not be quantitatively

measured. These phenomena are descriptive, such as the process of work steps, the

prescription of a formula, the understanding of various concepts, the characteristics of

goods and services, images, styles, and cultural procedures in physical form.

Types and Data Sources

There are two data in this study, namely primary data and secondary data.

Primary data is data acquired through self-retrieval without intermediaries. Primary

data are obtained from the results:

1. Observation

from the life of the subject being observed.

3. Interview

An interview is a meeting between two individuals to exchange information and

ideas through a series of questions and answers, thus allowing the formation of a deeper

understanding of the topic being discussed.

4. Documentation.

Documentation refers to a series of steps to collect, process, select, and store

information in a field of knowledge. The purpose is to provide or collect evidence related

to information, such as quotes, images, newspaper clippings, and other references.

Data Collection Techniques

The data collection method carried out by the researcher uses the following data

collection techniques:

Dumai toll road to gain a direct understanding of the condition of the surrounding

communities that were affected or involved in the development.

2. Interview,

An interview is a deliberate dialogue between two individuals, in which one party

asks a question (interviewer) and the other party provides an answer (interviewed) in

response to the questions asked. The main feature of the interview is a direct face-to-face

interaction between the researcher and the resource person which aims to obtain the

necessary information.

Data Analysis Techniques

Patton explained that data analysis involves arranging the order of data, organizing

recorded in field notes consisting of two components, namely description and reflection.

Descriptive notes record raw data that reflects what the researcher observes, hears, feels,

and experiences without subjective judgment or interpretation.

2. Reduksi data (data reduction)

Data reduction is the stage in which data is processed through selection,

simplification, and abstraction. This method includes selection, summarization,

classification, and adjustment of data to clarify, simplify, and focus on relevant aspects.

The data obtained from interviews with research subjects and documentation will be

selected by the researcher.

3. Data display

Data presentation refers to the process of organizing information into structures that

allow for analysis and decision-making. To ensure clarity to the core of the problem, data

presentations can take the form of matrices, graphs, network diagrams, or diagrams as

visual aids to understand events.

4. Concluding.

Concluding is an effort to explore or understand the meaning, orderly patterns,

cause-and-effect sequences, or proportions of existing data. The resulting conclusions are

then double-checked by looking at field notes to ensure accurate understanding.

Results and Discussion

Negative Social Impact of Pekanbaru-Dumai Toll Road Construction

1. Government-owned public infrastructure affected by the Toll Trase has not been

The construction of the Dumai-Pekanbaru toll road still has many problems. These

problems include the recruitment process of toll officers prioritizing local children, by the

Dumai Regional Government Regulation No. 10 and the Labor Law, asking for

compensation and impact issues based on Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning land acquisition

observation and interviews of researchers with several residents, it is known that there are

public facilities affected by the toll road project that have not been followed up on

reconstruction.

The influx of immigrants affects the social structure and value system that has been

formed as a result of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road construction project in Bukit Kapur

District due to the easy access of immigrants that will result in a change in the social

structure that has formed by the Indigenous people of the area for a long time (Sutedi,

2020). Based on the results of the researcher's observation in the Bukit Kapur District

area, the flow of globalization is inevitable, this is marked by the increasingly blurred

barriers between high and low social groups, resulting in the existence of the cultural

identity of the village community. Some of the events that occurred in the village

community in Bukit Kapur District are the impact of the development of the internet,

where the flow of information becomes accessible to all citizens of the world without

control, introducing ideas and values that are often contrary to the traditional culture of

the village. In the field of art, teenagers in Bukit Kapur tend to be more interested in

Western culture, causing the original Malay art of Riau that should be their own to be

must detour through a pedestrian bridge that is far away so that if there is new information,

people do not know each other. The construction of the toll road divides the administrative

area in Bukit Kapur District into splits. Based on the results of observations, the

development of the times along with the advancement of science and technology and the

modernization of society, has led to an increase in the demands of an increasingly

complex life, thus distancing individuals from each other in kinship relationships.

Positive Economic Impact of the Construction of the Pekanbaru – Dumai Toll Road

1. The increase in the mobilization of goods and services both in and out of Dumai City.

The construction of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road as an alternative distributes raw

materials and industrial products so that it makes it easier for the community to access

The development of the construction of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road will provide

convenience to transportation access providers because it does not take a long time to

travel and passenger exchanges can also be done several times a day, and transportation

land transportation access users. The results of the study show a significant upward trend

in the growth of industrial activities in Bukit Kapur District. Advances in fast and

integrated transportation access have driven economic interactions between regions to

become more efficient, which in turn ensures a smooth supply chain of resources across

the region. Furthermore, this has led to substantial economic growth in Bukit Kapur

District, Dumai City. The development of new industries around toll gates is not only

reflected in the existence of stalls or kiosks that provide services but also in the emergence

of subsidized housing developed by developers.

3. Increasingly Efficient Transportation Costs Impact the Added Value of Various

Efficient transportation costs also facilitate several commodities, one of which is

the distribution of goods, both agricultural and plantation products, which has an impact

on the price of goods, facilitating mobility, opening jobs and increasing people's

economic activities. Minimizing travel time for inter-regional mobility through toll roads

has the potential to revive the regional economy.

The increase in property value makes it difficult for underprivileged people to own

outside the city of Dubai. So that the value of property begins to rise the price starts to be

high as well also for other properties it also rises and the underprivileged people cannot

afford it.

Decrease in farmers' income due to reduced agricultural land.

Farmers and communities living adjacent to the toll road feel the decline in the

productivity of palm fruit because the land has decreased, so there are several oil palm

farmers whose land is only a little in the profession by using the compensation money to

do business in other fields, namely making shops, but there are starting to compete with

other entrepreneurs who enter Bukit Kapur District.

Regarding the transfer of business/population from outside the district to the sub-

Loss of private farmland

When a farmer loses his farmland, which is the backbone of the family economy,

he is likely to look for alternatives such as cultivating someone else's land or starting a

new business from scratch, relying on his expertise. The source of funds for this step

could come from the sale of land compensated by the government for the construction of

toll roads. The phenomenon of urbanization often affects the way of thinking of villagers

who receive compensation. Some may be tempted to spend money sumptuously or even

choose to move to the city. However, land ownership along toll roads also has the

potential to increase poverty levels among farmers or cultivators who are unable to switch

professions.

Factors Hindering the Construction of Toll Roads

Factors that hinder the construction of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road already

existed before the toll road planning in Riau Province, such as the status of the Riau forest

area determined by the Ministry of Forestry and Environment of the Republic of

Indonesia and the operational area of PT. Chevron for Petroleum management for

Petroleum management. Several landowners are affected by the toll road but there is still

inadequate land so they ask to be replaced, all of this causes the team to go down again.

Community resource and environmental factors include:

1. The difficulty of acquiring community land for the implementation of compensation

3. The status of the Concession Area of PT. Chevron, 100 M right and left of the

4. There are no materials that are quite certain/feasible to adjust to the needs so most of

5. There is no adequate equipment/work tools, there is work that needs to be repaired due

The government building infrastructure is often constrained by the interests of the

community, especially land owners whose land is used to build infrastructure. On the

other hand, the construction of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road in fact in the field also

divides a village area, resulting in the division of people's lives socially and economically.

The Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road is a toll road section to be as mandated by Law

No.38/2004 in a Dassain manner so that the smooth flow of regional traffic develops;

own property; Farmers' income decreases because agricultural land is reduced, and the

distance to an economic centre becomes far because the toll road divides the area into two

parts. However, the construction of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road has also succeeded in

bringing positive impacts including: cutting travel time between cities, and making it

easier to send logistics and goods; There are economic opportunities for the community

around the toll gate and toll road so that the regional economy experiences higher growth

to improve the welfare of the people of Bukit Kapur District.

Bibliography

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Ekonomi Kreatif: Suatu Telaahan Eksploratif. FEM IPB.

Haqqi, Musa Muhajir. (2022). Konsep Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Dalam Sistem

Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian

Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Dan Bisnis Islam, 4(2), 169–184.

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