p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 7 July 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3080

The Effectiveness of Zakat Services in Increasing Economic

Independence

Taufiq Akbar

, Amri

, Satrama Royal Harinata

, Muhammad Ali

Universitas Indonesia Depok, Indonesia

Email:

[email protected]

, [email protected]

[email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Effectiveness

of zakat services,

Economic Independence,

Structural Equation Model

(SEM).

The effectiveness of zakat services is an achievement of

every series of service activities provided by the National

Amil Zakat Agency in providing integrated zakat

management actions in several service programs, one of

which is in increasing economic independence in the

community, especially in people who receive/use this zakat

service, which in general is still far from being economically

independent, so that the achievement of the program, of

course, will increase economic independence and have an

impact on the welfare of the community itself. In this study,

an explanatory research method was used with a quantitative

approach and 103 respondents were taken. The data

processing and distribution in this study were analyzed using

path analysis with the AMOS/Structural Equation Model

(SEM) V.22 program. The results showed that the

effectiveness of zakat services could increase the level of

economic independence positively and significantly in

children (cr=4.561:p = 0.048).

Introduction

Reform and regional autonomy are new hopes for the government and village

communities to build their villages according to the needs and desires of the community

(Hakim, 2023). The existence of the government's regional autonomy policy is a new

opportunity that can open up space for the creativity of village officials to manage villages

according to available resources, both in the form of natural resources and human

resources (Amymie, 2017). In the implementation of village government autonomy,

community participation must be carried out because it is directly involved in

management and development activities (Aziz, 2020). This is intentional because the

village management is directly dealing with the community. Villages are the front line or

government agencies that are directly related to the community (Anwar, 2018).

To realize village autonomy and advance the economy in the countryside, one of

the programs that can help is to contribute to strengthening the village economy and

realizing village economic independence, namely zakat (Fitri, 2017). Zakat is essentially

a source of state revenue, which plays a very important role in the development of Islam,

The Effectiveness of Zakat Services in Increasing Economic Independence

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3081

the development of education and science, the development of infrastructure, and as a

provider of services that support the benefits and benefits. Security, among others. Who

are less fortunate, such as the poor, as well as other assistance (Aziz, 2014).

Zakat is a type of worship (Muslims) that has a dual dimension, namely

transcendental (related to the relationship between humans and their God) and horizontal

(related to social relations in society) (Amsari, 2019). Therefore, zakat is seen as one of

the worships that has a very important, strategic, and very decisive position both in terms

of sharia (religion) and from a social aspect, especially in efforts for socio-economic

independence in society (Iswanaji, Nafi’Hasbi, Salekhah, & Amin, 2021).

Zakat also generally has an important role in alleviating poverty and its existence

cannot be denied. Most people also know that the purpose of zakat is to alleviate poverty.

The role of zakat is not only limited to poverty alleviation but also aims to overcome other

community problems, such as increasing community economic productivity, overcoming

natural disasters, improving the quality of community education, and so on (Jepri, 2019).

Based on Law no. Article 23 of 2011 concerning Zakat Management states that

Zakat must be managed institutionally according to Islamic law to increase its

effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, Article 1 states that the National Amil Zakat

Agency, hereinafter referred to as BAZNAS, is an institution that manages zakat

nationally (Maulana, 2019). The Amil Zakat Agency, hereinafter abbreviated as LAZ, is

a unit formed by the community to assist in the collection, distribution, and use of zakat.

As carried out by the National Amil Zakat Agency, Jayawijaya Regency has several

programs including the Economic Independence Program. This program is very

beneficial for the people of Jayawijaya, especially in areas that are the service areas of

the National Amil Zakat Agency to grow the economy. Independence affects the welfare

of the people. The National Amil Zakat Agency as the state zakat organizing body carries

out various services and efforts through various programs for the community to realize

welfare and solutions to all socio-economic problems.

Regarding the orientation of services to increase financial independence in

Jayawijaya Regency, in general, most of them have not received comprehensive support

from the Jayawijaya Regency National Amil Zakat Agency program and some are still

far from independence both socially and economically. Together, the lack of an

independent attitude or the absence of an attitude that manifests itself in acting according

to its desires, as well as a lack of confidence and the ability to take care of oneself. This

can be seen from some people who continue to ask for financial assistance from people

who can afford it so the financial independence of some people in Jayawijaya Regency is

still relatively low. According to Kasrun, autonomy, responsibility, initiative, and self-

control include attitudes that show independence.

With the phenomenon that occurs in the community in Jayawijaya Regency,

especially the underprivileged local community in the economic aspect, the National

Amil Zakat Agency of Jayawijaya Regency takes part in handling the economic sector

through its independent economic programs such as the provision of business fund

assistance and other programs.

Taufiq Akbar, Amri, Satrama Royal Harinata, Muhammad Ali

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3082

The principle of zakat in the socio-economic order is to allow some poor people to

collect it themselves for the next year and hopefully for a lifetime. In this context, zakat

is distributed in order to develop the economy both through productive skills and

business.5

Judging from the small industrial activities in the areas of Jayawijaya Regency that

have the potential to absorb a lot of labor including the management of production goods,

waste management, utilization of natural resources, and their distribution. This can be

used as a policy aimed at achieving development goals, namely increasing the

productivity of small communities, increasing employment, and creating the spirit of

forming a creative human resource climate. By providing productive businesses for the

community so that they can develop their family economy. Therefore, a good fund

management strategy will create public trust so that the community will be encouraged to

channel their funds to BAZNAS rather than distributing them directly to mustahik.

This direct distribution is close to consumer use, so the purpose of production is

somewhat vague. The optimal utilization and management of zakat help the community

when the distribution is carried out correctly, paying attention to the recipient group so

that its use is right on target (Muhtadi, 2020). In the end, zakat certainly has a significant

role in the orientation to increase the field of independence towards education and

knowledge in the community, especially in the underprivileged. So with optimal zakat

management efforts, of course, it will be able to reduce economic problems where this is

one of the gaps in economic development and can have a significant impact on the

community in order to provide increased social and economic independence.

So based on the description of the problem above, the author is interested in

conducting research and further study related to the title "Building the Effectiveness of

Zakat Services in Increasing the Economic Independence of the Community in

Jayawijaya Regency.

Research Methods

The research method in this study uses the Explanatory Research method, which is

research by explaining the relationship between several variables by testing hypotheses

using the same data through a quantitative approach. The object of the selected research

is the recipients of zakat services by the BAZNAS institution in the Jayawijaya Regency

area using the purposive sampling method with the following criteria: (a) age

classification of Adolescents - Adults, (b) having a permanent job and (c) having received

zakat services before. So the sample in this study is 103 people.

Results and Discussion

The results of the test on the variables of parental guidance and muamalah

knowledge in children can be seen from the validity test, reality, and several classical

assumption tests consisting of normality tests and outlier tests can be seen in the Table.2

Where the test results are seen the validity test value (Pearson correlation) (r > 3.0) and

the AVE value (average variance extracted > 5.0). The value of the reality test (Cronbach

The Effectiveness of Zakat Services in Increasing Economic Independence

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3083

alpha > 0.6) and the value of CR (Construct Realibility > 0.70). Then from the normality

test seen from the cr value (critical ratio < 2.58) and seen from the univariate outlier test,

the Z-score value < 3.0. For more clarity can be seen in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Test results of validity, realism, normality, and outlier

Variable

Validity

(produc

moment

)

BIR

Realism

(Cronbac

h Alpha)

Z-

score

(max)

Effectiveness of Zakat Services (X)

Success (X1)

0.951

0.756

0.846

0.956

0.546

1.6320

Target Provisions

(X2)

0.977

0.839

0.652

1.7727

Program Satisfaction

(x3)

0.953

0.84

0.628

1.6028

Goal Achievement

(x4)

0.833

0.868

0.165

1.8102

Economic Independence (Y)

Consumptive Debt

Free(Y1)

0.894

0.766

0.824

0.936

-0.862

1.4493

Business Confidence

(Y2)

0.796

0.836

-0.888

1.3456

Investment Behavior

(Y3)

0.931

0.814

-0.035

1.4657

Money

Management(Y4)

0.828

-0.599

1.3343

Mental Readiness

Financially(Y5)

0.933

0.814

-0.696

1.3839

Meanwhile, in the testing and determination of the multivariate aspect of the outlier,

namely by looking at the results of the analysis or the output of the Mahalanobis distance,

namely with the range of values obtained from the analysis of 0.187 – 26.337. Then it is

seen from the results of the relative chi-square value (0.001) and the number of

observation items/research indicators (DF = 26), which is 54,051. To see the existence of

an outlier in this test is done by comparing the value of the Mahalanobis distance with the

value of the chi-square obtained. Based on the results of the comparison, the value of

Mahalanobis distance < the value of Chi-square (26,337<54,051) so that it can be

concluded that in this multivariate outlier test, there is no outlier and for the next time the

data from the analysis can be used for the next analysis.

Construct Confirmatory Model Analysis

Data analysis using quantitative methods in this study uses a structural equation

modeling (SEM) model with the help of the AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structural)

program version 22.0. The predictive power of observation variables both at the indicator

level and at the construction level is seen through the critical ratio (c.r). If the critical ratio

shows significance, the indicators can be said to be useful for predicting the construct or

Taufiq Akbar, Amri, Satrama Royal Harinata, Muhammad Ali

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3084

latent variable. The latent variable in this study is the effectiveness of zakat services &

and economic independence. By using the structural equation model with the help of the

Amos program, indicators of a fit model will be obtained.

The fit model structure is said to be good when the chi-square value is small and

insignificant at α = 0.05; the probability value ≥ 0.05; CMI/DF ≤ 2.00; GFI, AGFI, TLI,

and CFI NFI ≥ 0.90; and RMSEA ≤ 0.80. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis

showed a fit model. It can be seen in Figure 2 & and Table 2 below.

Figure 1. Confirmatory factor analysis model

Table 2

The Goodness of Fit Indices Overall Model Penelitian

Goodness of Fit

Indexes

Cup-of Value

Model

Results

Information

Chi-Square (X2)

Expected small

18.814

Good

Sign. Probability

≥ 0,05

0,048

Good

CMIN/DF

≤ 2,00

0,724

Excellent

GFI

≥ 0,90

0,959

Excellent

AGFI

≥ 0,90

0,929

Excellent

TAG

≥ 0,90

1,019

Excellent

CFI

≥ 0,90

1,000

Excellent

RMSEA

≤ 0,08

0,000

Excellent

The results of hypothesis testing with a structural equation model (figure 2) and

using AMOS V.22 and SPSS V.22 Software show that the variable of the effectiveness

of zakat services (X) has a positive and significant relationship with economic

independence (Y) because the p-value obtained is 0.048 (p value<0.05) and has a relative

standardized coefficient value of 0.262 (for more details can be seen in Table.3) so that it

can be concluded that the effectiveness of zakat services which is good, of course, can

increase the level of economic independence of the community.

Table 3

Results of Testing the Influence Between Research Variable Constructs

Variable

Correlation

Standardized

Regression Weight/Estimate

C.R

P-value

And

0.398

4.561

0,048

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3085

The results of the study show that the effectiveness of zakat services affects

economic independence positively and significantly. This means that if the zakat service

program can be carried out effectively and optimally, the potential to increase community

independence in Jayawijaya Regency financially will be realized optimally. This is in line

with the research conducted by Hidayatulloh et al. where professional zakat management,

which transforms Islamic values through the utilization of zakat, should turn the cycle of

regression into a cycle of progress. It is also expected to provide positive ideas for

community independence.3 Of course, this can be obtained from several factors where

the success rate of each zakat service program by the National Amil Zakat Agency of

Jayawijaya Regency is inseparable from the elements of planning, managing zakat, and

distributing or implementing the program. So productive zakat certainly needs to be

managed effectively so that the program goals of zakat services can be achieved.

Another factor is in determining the achievement target of the zakat service program

where the orientation in planning of course pays attention to the circumstances or

conditions of the recipient or the target of the service program, which of course several

considerations must be made in determining the program based on the orientation of the

target of the service recipient. In this case, the National Amil Zakat Agency of Jayawijaya

Regency has carried out a good consideration procedure, this can be seen from the number

of respondents presenting their attitude to the orientation of the target provisions to

achieve the implementation of the program starting from planning to implementation is

effective and on target.

In other cases, it can be seen in the level of public satisfaction with the service

programs carried out. Based on the research that has been conducted, respondents stated

that their satisfaction is good in the sense that the zakat service program that has been

carried out and distributed has been maximized so that public satisfaction with the

services provided by the National Amil Zakat Agency has had an impact on the level of

public satisfaction.

In general, in the management of zakat to the distribution of zakat, of course, it is

inseparable from the elements of planning and coordination between service providers

and service recipients, where the National Amil Zakat Agency of Jayawijaya Regency

can produce several programs that can ultimately be contributed to service recipients or

the community in Jayawijaya Regency, one of which is oriented to the level of economic

independence of the community. And also when several such programs are combined, of

course, it can have a positive effect on the recipients of this zakat service. Because it

returns to the orientation of the purpose of the Independent Economic Empowerment

Program implemented by the National Amil Zakat Agency, namely strengthening

community potential and solving poverty problems through economic empowerment.

People who have a well-established and relatively high level of economic

independence will certainly encourage the community to create an economy to manage

daily needs and the distribution of zakat which is carried out indirectly can improve the

level of welfare of life. This is of course carried out so that zakat recipients can be

Taufiq Akbar, Amri, Satrama Royal Harinata, Muhammad Ali

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3086

independently empowered without having to receive zakat compensation on an ongoing

basis.

Judging from the level of economic independence of the community in Jayawijaya

Regency, the community in general has a minimal level of financial management so this

problem framework ultimately becomes a reference and priority in the implementation of

the Jayawijaya Regency National Amil Zakat Agency program. Zakat service is one of

the programs carried out by zakat institutions, in this case, the National Amil Zakat

Agency technically, and its sharia is collected by Amil or muzakki and then distributed

to the recipients of zakat or mustahik by the 8 Asnaf criteria. Zakat services are also a

contribution from Zakat institutions, one of which provides opportunities for mustahik in

this case the community to be able to create a paradigm of independence in socio-

economic life. So that in the future it is hoped that the mustahik can change their status

to muzakki and can contribute to efforts to increase the economic independence of other

communities.

The Jayawijaya Regency National Amil Zakat Agency also provides education and

socialization related to financial management and financial insights to recipients of zakat

or mustahik service programs so that in the future people can become financially

independent. So that the community as a new business actor who may have never carried

out productive economic activities at all before certainly still needs technical assistance.

Therefore, in order not to eliminate mistakes, the mustahik recipients of this program

must receive technical guidance and assistance.

Based on research conducted mainly on the observation of the level of community

independence in Jayawijata Regency, especially the recipients of zakat services have a

relatively low level of debt. This can be seen that in general, people are more oriented to

asking for help than borrowing money or going into debt. Then judging from the level of

confidence in business or entrepreneurship, people tend to still be relatively low. This is

because people prioritize getting results/income rather than the orientation of how to do

the work so many do businesses and businesses that do not live long and tend to look for

other jobs/businesses. Therefore, the use of zakat funds directed to productive economic

activities of the community must be held based on certain planned production cycle

limitations.24

Seen at the level of investment behavior, money management and mental readiness

in financial terms also look quite good, this can be seen that people have begun to be

aware and quite understand the importance of financial/financial independence. Of

course, this is inseparable from the zakat service program that has been carried out by the

National Amil Zakat Agency of Jayawijaya Regency. So it can be said that in general, the

zakat service program can always increase the level of economic independence of the

community.

Conclusion

The success of the zakat service program by the National Amil Zakat Agency of

Jayawijaya Regency is highly dependent on careful planning, good management, and

The Effectiveness of Zakat Services in Increasing Economic Independence

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3087

proper distribution. This program is carefully planned, paying attention to the conditions

and needs of the recipients, so that the program becomes on target and effective. Public

satisfaction with the Zakat service program carried out by the National Amil Zakat

Agency of Jayawijaya Regency has been very good. This shows that the distribution of

zakat has been carried out optimally and satisfactorily, by the expectations of the

community.

In addition, this zakat service program also contributes to strengthening community

potential and solving poverty problems through economic empowerment. The community

in Jayawijaya Regency shows increased awareness and understanding of the importance

of financial independence. This can be seen from their investment behavior, money

management, and mental readiness in the financial aspect. Overall, the zakat service

program that is well managed by the National Amil Zakat Agency of Jayawijaya Regency

has succeeded in increasing the economic independence of the community and has a

significant positive impact on their welfare. This zakat program not only helps the

community financially but also encourages them to become more independent and

empowered.

Taufiq Akbar, Amri, Satrama Royal Harinata, Muhammad Ali

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 3088

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