p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2990
Stabilization of Fibrous Peat Soils with Addition
Palm Shell Ash Waste
Deli Oktopani
1
, Yulindasari Sutejo
2*
, Febrian Hadinata
3
Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
1
, [email protected]
2*
,
[email protected]
3
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Stabilization;
Fibrous Peat Soil; Palm
Oil Shell Ash Waste;
CBR; Ogan Ilir.
South Sumatra Province has a peat area of 1.4 million Ha.
The distribution of peat soil in Ogan Ilir is 23,687.91 Ha.
Peat soil has a low bearing capacity. This research aims to
explain the effect of stabilization on peat soil characteristics.
Peat soil samples were taken using the Block Sampling
method. The research locations are Parit Village and Lorok
Village, Ogan Ilir Regency. Peat soil needs better properties
and is unsuitable for foundation soil for civil construction.
To overcome this, one method of soil improvement is
required, namely the chemical stabilization method:
changing the chemical properties of the soil by adding a
mixture. The mixture used is palm shell ash waste with
variations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. Soil properties
(physical and chemical), SEM, EDS, PTS, and CBR tests
were carried out to determine the effect of this mixture. Soil
properties test results: water content ( ) in Parit Village
226.39%, and Lorok Village 252.39%. The fibre content
(FC) test results for Parit Village were 25.18% and for Lorok
Village 28.01%. Peat soil is classified as fibrous peat soil.
The CBR value for Parit Village was 4.60%, and Lorok
Village was 4.16%. The results of the immersion CBR test
showed that Parit Village had a curing period of 7 days, a
variation of 5%, namely 4.68%. Look Village obtained the
most outstanding results: a curing period of 14 days, a
variation of 25%, and 4.76%. The CBR value obtained in
this study is 3%-5% (average) when used for subgrade
strength with compaction conditions depending on the road
category.
Introduction
The distribution of peatlands in South Sumatra reached 1,968,243.75 Ha. The
distribution is explained in Figure 1 which includes: Banyuasin (574,683.42 Ha), Muara
Enim (23,687.91 Ha), Muratara (45,896.31 Ha), Musi Banyuasin (379,874.78 Ha), Musi
Rawas (26,147.49 Ha), Ogan Ilir (23,687.91 Ha), Ogan Komering Ilir (863,704.81 Ha),
Stabilization of Fibrous Peat Soils with Addition Palm Shell Ash Waste
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2991
and Pali (30,561.13 Ha) (Wahyudi, Anugerah, & Arif, 2021). Peatland is a soil that
contains a large amount of organic matter (Andriani, Yuliet, & Fernandez, 2012).
Peatland is categorized as soft soil, which means the soil could be in better condition and
is problematic if construction is built on it. Peat soil has many disadvantages; for
example, having high moisture content, low carrying capacity on peat soil, and high
compressibility are the main problems for construction development. Explains the
analysis of soil support data. Analysis of shear strength and flow/seepage based on
(Hardiyatmo, 2007). To increase strength and improve the carrying capacity of peatlands,
efforts must be made to stabilize the soil.
Figure 1 Peatland distribution in South Sumatra
Stabilization is an effort to improve the properties of the original soil so that the
problematic soil has parameters suitable for use in construction development. Yusof et al.
(2023) researched stabilizing 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% coconut shell charcoal ash and 10%
fly ash on peat soil. Stabilization of lime (10%) and Matos (4%, 6%, 8%) on peatlands
(Prabowo, 2018). (Gazali & Kurniawan, 2023) researched stabilizing 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%,
and 12% lime palm shell ash in soft clay soils. (Waluyo, Anggraini, & and Putri, 2023)
examined the stabilization process of clay soil with a mixture of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%
palm ash and 10% cement. Stabilization of clay soil with a mixture of 20% palm oil fuel
ash (Toyeb, Hakam, & Andriani, 2023). Stabilization of oil palm empty bunch fibers on
soft soils (Arifin, Arfiandoyo, Salsabila, & Ridha, 2023). Research by (Susanti, Endriani,
& Thamrin, 2022) regarding the analysis of stabilization of palm shell ash and cement on
clay soils with a mixture of 0%, 6%, 12%, 18%, 24%, and 30%. Sanderab et al. (2021)
conducted a stabilization test of palm shell ash (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) on clay
soils. Meanwhile, the research of Sitorus and Husny (2020) tested the stabilization
process of palm shell ash on clay soils with variations of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and
20%. As well as the effect of coconut shell ash stabilization (0.4%-0.8%) on soft soils
(Prasanna & Kumar, 2017).
Based on the description above, this research uses a mixture of palm shell ash waste
to stabilize peat soil. Palm shell ash waste is waste from palm oil processing that has
Deli Oktopani, Yulindasari Sutejo, Febrian Hadinata
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2992
been burned in an incineration furnace with a temperature of 700oC – 800oC. Palm shell
ash waste has pozzolanic properties because it contains silica and alumina, which can
form cement materials beneficial for soil stability. After all, they can increase the binding
power between soil particles.
Tests must obtain comparable parameter values to determine the effect of adding
palm shell ash waste on peat soil. The tests carried out are Standard Soil Compaction
(PTS) testing, CBR (California Bearing Ratio), Soaked (Immersion) testing, and SEM-
EDS tests. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to observe the orientation of
fibers on fibrous peat soils. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is used to
analyze peat soil samples' elements or chemical characterization.
Method
This research started with literature studies and field surveys. A literature study is
a stage of collecting materials and information related to research used as a reference in
carrying out this research. The material is obtained from various sources such as scientific
writings, books, diktat, the internet, journals, or previous research. The field study
sampled native peatland from Indralaya, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. The
research locations in this area are in Parit Village and Lorok Village, North Inderalaya
District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province (Figure 2). The soil taken is
disturbed soil and undisturbed soil. Undisturbed soil was taken using the Block Sampling
method (ASTM D7015-04) by excavating to a depth of ±1 m.
Stabilization of Fibrous Peat Soils with Addition Palm Shell Ash Waste
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2993
(a) Desa Parit (b) Desa Lorok
Figure 2 Research location
Laboratory work (physical, chemical, and mechanical properties) is done at the
Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of
Engineering, Sriwijaya University, in Indralaya. Soil samples for stabilization materials
start with drying, pounding, and filtering soil samples. For palm shell ash waste,
preparation begins by drying the material using an oven at a temperature of 110°C for 2
hours and then filtering it using a No.200 sieve. Then, the palm shell ash waste is prepared
for the original soil mixture according to the variations used (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%,
and 25%). The soil mixture material, namely palm oil shell ash waste, is produced from
factory waste taken from PT. Tirta Fresindo Jaya.
The number of samples for each soil property test was six samples. These tests
include testing moisture content (SNI 1965-2008), specific gravity (ASTM D854-02), ash
content and organic content (ASTM D2974-00), fiber content (ASTM D1997-91), and
acidity degree (pH) (ASTM D2976-71). Soils included in the classification of fibrous peat
soils (fibrous peat) are then continued for soil mechanical testing. Mechanical testing of
peat soil is carried out to determine the structural properties of soil masses when given
force/pressure. Mechanical testing on peat soils includes Standard Soil Compaction
(PTS) testing (SNI 1742-2008), CBR Soaked testing (SNI-1744-2012), and SEM and
EDS testing.
The test pieces in this study were made with various variations of mixture between
peat soil and oil palm shell ash waste additives. Mixing this test piece is adding additives
in the form of palm oil shell ash waste with a predetermined percentage of the dry soil
weight and then adding water. The moisture content value is obtained by calculating the
optimum level in the Standard Soil Compaction (PTS) test. Table 1 describes the
specimens for mechanical properties testing in 18 samples, with each variation tested
from 3 samples. Testing of mechanical properties of fibrous peat soils (CBR). Research
materials and equipment can be seen in Figure 3.
Deli Oktopani, Yulindasari Sutejo, Febrian Hadinata
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2994
Palm Shell Ash Waste
Tanah Gambut
NO AND EDS
CBR Soaked
Figure 3 Research materials and equipment
Table 1
Sample specimen
No.
Number of Test
Pieces
Code
1.
3
AC00
2.
3
AC5
3.
3
AC10
4.
3
AC15
5.
3
AC20
6.
3
AC25
Total Test
Specimens
18
Results and Discussion
Results of Testing Soil Properties of Native Soil
Testing soil properties on soil is testing the characteristics of native soil in peat soil.
The data from the test results of the physical properties of the original soil can be seen in
Table 2. The results obtained from the peat soil moisture content test ( ) in Parit Village
were 226.39%, and the soil moisture content test in Lorok Village was 252.39%.
Furthermore, the specific gravity test (Gs) of peat soil results showed that Parit Village
obtained a particular value of gravity of 0.91. Meanwhile, in Lorok Village, a specific
gravity (Gs) value of 0.89 was obtained. Furthermore, the results of the fiber content (FC)
test. The average soil fiber content testing value was 25.18% in Parit Village and 28.01%
in Lorok Village. Organic content (OC) of Parit Village with a value of 69.32%.
Meanwhile, Lorok Village obtained an organic content value of 74.41%. Furthermore,
the ash content (AC) test results in Parit Village obtained an ash content value of 83.57%.
Meanwhile, Lorok Village obtained an ash content value of 19.46%. The Acidity Degree
(pH) test results, Parit Village, were obtained at 4.32, while Lorok Village was 3.57.
Table 2
Results of testing the physical properties of native soil
Desa Parit
Look Village
Testing
Symbol
Result
Testing
Symbol
Result
Up Air
𝜔 (%)
226,39
Up Air
𝜔 (%)
252,39
Specific
Gravity
Gs
0,91
Specific
Gravity
Gs
0,89
Fiber
Content
HR (%)
25,17
Fiber
Content
HR (%)
28,01
Organic
Up
OC (%)
69,32
Organic
Up
OC (%)
74,41
Stabilization of Fibrous Peat Soils with Addition Palm Shell Ash Waste
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2995
Up to Abu
AM (%)
83,57
Up to Abu
AM (%)
19,46
Degree of
Acidity
pH
4,31
Degree of
Acidity
pH
3,57
Results of Standard Soil Compaction Testing (PTS) of Native Soil
Table 3 shows the Standard Soil Compaction (PTS) test results. This test obtains
the optimum dry fill density values and the maximum moisture content. The test results
obtained from Parit Village connected the ωopt value of 23.80% with the result of the
γdmax value of 0.90 gr/cm3, and the test results obtained from Lorok Village connected
the ωopt value of 18.33% with the result of γdmax value of 0.91 gr/cm3. The test was
obtained to determine the optimum moisture content for the next CBR test.
CBR Test Results of the Original Soil Immersion Laboratory
The results of the CBR value obtained at 0.1-inch penetration in Parit Village of
3.27% and 0.2 inches worth 4.60% are shown in Figure 5. produced a maximum value
of 0.1 inches of penetration result with a development percentage value of 1% in the CBR
test, and the load of 0.1 inches of penetration result of the CBR test resulted in 101.17
lbs, while a penetration load of 0.2 inches produced 207.07 kg. The results of the CBR
value obtained at 0.1 inches penetration in Lorok Village of 3.15% and 0.2 inches worth
4.16% show that Figure 6. produced a maximum value of 0.1 inches of penetration result
with a development percentage value of 1% in the CBR test and a load of 0.1 inches of
penetration result of the CBR test produced 94.48 lbs. A penetration load of 0.2 inches of
the CBR test produced 186.99 kg.
Table 3
Standard Soil Compaction (PTS) test results
Desa Parit
Look Village
Testing
Symbol
Result
Testing
Symbol
Result
Up-to-air
optimum
ωopt (%)
23,80
Up-to-air
optimum
ωopt (%)
18,33
Maximum dry fill
density
γdmax
(gr/cm3)
0,90
Maximum dry
fill density
γdmax
(gr/cm3)
0,91
Immersion CBR
value
(%)
3,2
Immersion CBR
value
(%)
3,15
Development
percentage
(%)
1
Development
percentage
(%)
1
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) Test Results of Native Soil
The results of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) tests for the original soil of
Parit Village and Lorok Village can be seen in Figure 4 and Figure 5. In the SEM test
carried out at the Palembang Police Forensic Laboratory, the results for the original soil
were magnified by 1000x, 5000x, and 10000x. For the magnification of 10000x, the
cavities of the original peatland are more evident than the magnification of 1000x and
5000x.
Deli Oktopani, Yulindasari Sutejo, Febrian Hadinata
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2996
1000x
5000x
1000x
5000x
10000x
10000x
Desa Parit
Desa Lorok
Figure 4 SEM results of original peatland
EDX (Energy X-ray Spectroscopy) Test Results of Native Soil
EDX (Energy X-ray Spectroscopy) testing for the native peat of Parit Village and
Lorok Village can be seen in Figure 7 and Table 4. The results of the EDX content for
the original peatland of Parit Village show the highest elemental values in barium and the
lowest in carbon. Similar to the EDX content results for the original soil of Lorok Village,
the highest element value is found in the element Barium and the lowest in the element
Carbon.
Figure 5 Graph of EDX results for native peatlands
Table 4
EDX content for native peatlands
Desa Parit
Look Village
Element
At. No
Net
Element
At. No
Net
oxygen
8
25200
oxygen
8
23564
Carbon
6
16935
Carbon
6
12161
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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2997
Silicon
14
107993
Silicon
14
115198
Barium
56
2231
Barium
56
6966
Aluminium
13
2128
Aluminium
13
3017
Iron
26
588
Iron
26
970
Sulfur
16
599
Sulfur
16
615
Calcium
20
191
Calcium
20
193
Titanium
22
1477
Sodium
11
38
Potassium
19
199
Magnesium
12
42
Potassium
19
40
Results of Testing Mechanical Properties of Mixed Soil
Mechanical testing of soils with mixed soils consists of Standard Soil Compaction
testing and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) testing. The CBR test used is CBR of soaking
soil (Soaked).
Results of Standard Soil Compaction Test with Mixture
A PTS test carried out the percentage variation in the addition of palm shell ash
waste to soil. Both values are used for the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The
conditions that occur when conducting this test are used as a standard for the density of
each test piece to test the development potential of the soil. The results of this test show
the values of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) in
Table 5. Figure 6 explains the graph of the variation of the palm shell ash mixture to the
OMC value and Figure 7 to the MDD value. The maximum moisture content (OMC)
value (ωop) for AC00 variation from Parit Village was 23.08%, and Lorok Village was
18.33%. As well as the optimum dry fill moisture content (MDD) (γdmax) value for
AC00 variation from Parit Village of 0.89 gr/cm3 and Lorok Village of 0.91gr/cm3.
Table 5
OMC and MDD results with mixed variations
Desa Parit
Look Village
Variations
Up to Air
Maximum
(OMC)
(ωopt, %)
Up to the Air
Work Kering
Optimum
(MDD)
(γdmax, gr/cm3)
Variations
Up to Air
Maximum
(OMC) (ωopt,
%)
Up to the Air
Work Kering
Optimum
(MDD)
(γdmax,
gr/cm3)
AC00
23,80
0,89
AC00
18,33
0,91
AC5
22,10
0,73
AC5
36,10
0,65
AC10
16,17
0,75
AC10
28,30
0,65
AC15
18,05
0,76
AC15
28,00
0,60
AC20
15,10
0,77
AC20
16,50
0,65
AC25
16,10
0,70
AC25
18,20
0,65
Deli Oktopani, Yulindasari Sutejo, Febrian Hadinata
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2998
Figure 6 Graph of variation of palm shell ash mixture on OMC value
Figure 7 Graph of variation of palm shell ash mixture to MDD value
Results of CBR Test of Immersion with Mixture
The CBR test with a mixture of palm shell ash waste has five variations, namely
5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the original soil weight. Each mixture has a curing
period of 0, 7, and 14 days. The recapitulation of the results of the CBR test of immersion
with a mixture of palm oil shell ash waste is shown in Table 6. In Table 6, it is stated that
the CBR value of trench village immersion based on the corrected penetration value of
0.1 and 0.2 inches is obtained; the highest penetration value is 0.2 inches. The CBR value
of soil immersion after mixing palm shell ash experienced a relatively significant increase
from the original soil, which was 4.60%. The CBR value in the 25% variation increased
during the 0-day curing period, increased again during the 7-day curing period, and
decreased again during the 14-day curing period.
Judging from the results of the CBR value of the soak, the maximum value was
4.68% at a variation of 5% and a curing period of 7 days. Meanwhile, the CBR value of
Lorok Village immersion based on the corrected penetration value of 0.1 and 0.2 inches
was obtained; the highest penetration value was 0.2 inches. The CBR value of soil
immersion after mixing palm shell ash experienced a relatively significant increase from
the original soil, which was 4.16%. The CBR value in the 25% variation decreased during
the 0-day curing period, decreased during the 7-day curing period, and increased again
during the 14-day curing period. Judging from the results of the CBR value of soaking,
the maximum value was 4.76% at a variation of 25% and a curing period of 14 days.
Based on the CBR test of immersion with the curing period, it was obtained that the
longer the curing period, it was influenced by the increase in the CBR value of the
immersion. The increase in CBR value is caused by ions from palm oil shell ash binding
together into peat soil particles. Judging from the 0-day curing period, Parit Village
obtained the most significant result, 4.66% in the 5% variation. For the 14-day curing
period, the most considerable yield was found in the 5% variation, 4.65%. The most
important result was obtained during the 7-day curing period when the variation was 5%,
Stabilization of Fibrous Peat Soils with Addition Palm Shell Ash Waste
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2999
which was 4.68%. Meanwhile, judging from the 0-day curing period, Lorok Village
obtained the most significant result, 4.7% in the 10% variation. For the 7-day curing
period, the most considerable yield was found in the 25% variation, 4.68%. The most
significant result was obtained during the 14-day curing period when the variation was
25%, which was 4.76%.
Table 6
Results of CBR value of soaking with a mixture of palm shell ash waste
Desa Parit
Look Village
Mixed
Variations
Treatme
nt
Period
(days)
CBR Value
Rendaman
(%)
Mixed
Variati
ons
Treat
ment
Period
(days)
CBR Value
Rendaman
(%)
1 (inch)
2
(inches)
1 (inch)
2 (inches)
AS00
-
3,37
4,60
AS00
-
3,15
4,16
AS5
0
3,37
4,66
AS5
0
3,03
4,15
7
3,35
4,68
7
3,07
4,16
14
3,36
4,65
14
3,11
4,17
AS10
0
3,21
4,58
AS10
0
3,48
4,70
7
2,72
4,15
7
2,76
4,01
14
2,62
3,86
14
3,07
4,26
AS15
0
3,24
4,61
AS15
0
3,37
4,51
7
2,68
4,10
7
3,07
4,09
14
3,21
4,51
14
3,02
4,17
AS20
0
3,29
4,59
AS20
0
3,41
4,41
7
2,59
3,62
7
3,27
4,47
14
3,49
4,58
14
2,78
3,57
AS25
0
3,25
4,47
AS25
0
3,56
4,69
7
3,35
4,49
7
3,57
4,68
14
3,20
4,44
14
3,61
4,76
The value of the Parit Village CBR test development results is described in the form
of a curing period, according to Figure 8. Meanwhile, the results of the development of
the CBR test in Lorok Village are described in the form of a curring period, according to
Figure 9. The development value based on the CBR test of soaking accompanied by the
addition of palm shell ash waste shows that if the percentage of variation of palm shell
ash increases, the development tends to decrease. The curing period also affects the
development outcome factor. The longer the curing period, the less development will be.
It is known that the results of the development of Parit Village decreased by 0% to 25%
for each variation during the entire curing period. The smallest percentage of development
occurred at 20% variation; when the curing period was 14 days, it was 0.24%. The most
significant percentage of development happened in the 0% variation of 1.93% because
the tests carried out did not use mixed materials but native soil.
The development results in adding the mixture were the most significant variation
of 5% when the treatment period of 0 days was 1.44% and seven days was 1.37%, while
the treatment period of 14 days was obtained by 1.30%. Meanwhile, the development
results of Lorok Village decreased by 0% to 25% for each variation during the entire
Deli Oktopani, Yulindasari Sutejo, Febrian Hadinata
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 3000
curing period. The smallest percentage of development occurred at 25% variation; when
the curing period was 14 days, it was 0.27%. The most significant percentage of
development happened in the 0% variation of 1.96% because the tests carried out did not
use mixed materials but native soil. The development result in adding the mixture was
the most significant variation of 15% when the treatment period of 14 days was 1.61%.
Figure 8 Results of CBR development of Parit Village Immersion
Figure 9 Results of CBR development in Lorok Village
Furthermore, the percentage change in the CBR value is calculated. The changes
that occurred in the CBR value of the immersion aimed to determine the comparison
between the changes in the CBR test results of the immersion and the CBR value of the
original soil. The result of the change is expressed in the form of percent (%). The results
of the shift between the CBR value of the soaking using a mixture of oil palm shell ash
waste and the original soil are shown in Figures 10 (Parit Village) and 11 (Lorok Village).
Stabilization of Fibrous Peat Soils with Addition Palm Shell Ash Waste
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 3001
Figure 10 Percentage Change in CBR Value of Mixed Immersion in Paris Village
Figure 11 Percentage Change in CBR value of mixed immersion in Lorok Village
The results of the percentage change in the CBR value for Parit Village were
obtained as a result of the shift between the CBR value of soaking using a mixture of oil
palm shell ash waste and native soil increased in the percentage variation of 5% to 20%
with a curing period of 0.7 and 14 days. The maximum change value from the 14-day
curing period is shown in the percentage variation of 10%, which is 87.67%. In
comparison, the lowest CBR change value is found in the variation of 5% every 0-day
curing period, which is 16.21%. The results of the percentage change in the CBR value
for Lorok Village were obtained as a result of the shift between the CBR value of the
immersion using a mixture of palm shell ash and native soil increased in the percentage
variation of 5% to 20% with a curing period of 0.7, and 14 days. The maximum change
result value from the 14-day curing period is shown at the 10% variation percentage of
85.65%. In comparison, the lowest CBR change value is found in the 5% variation every
0-day curing period, which is 14.19%.
The results of the research of Ridwansyah et al. (2018): expansive soil stabilization
in Glagaagung village, Banyuwangi Regency, with the addition of sand in variations of
15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. The results of the test of the land development rate were
Deli Oktopani, Yulindasari Sutejo, Febrian Hadinata
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 3002
1.15%. If there is a lot of sand mixture, the percentage of expansive soil development will
decrease. This is seen at a variation of 35% sand; the growth rate is 0.214%. The results
of expansive soil stabilization in Banyuwangi Regency with Ca(OH)2 lime, variations of
4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 24-hour curing time, namely: the percent development of
1.15% was reduced to 0.064% with a lime variation of 4%, and 0% at the variation of 6%
to 12% (Carisa et al., 2019).
Peatlands are stabilized by adding coconut shell coal ash (CSCA), varying between
3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%, and a fly ash constant of 10%. Samples treated were preserved
for 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results of the unconfined compression strength test (UCS),
which were treated after 0, 7, 14, and 28 days, were 25,388 kPa, 29,253 kPa, 36,611 kPa,
and 39,953 kPa, respectively. All UCS are capped at 12% CSCA (Yusof et al., 2023).
(Waluyo et al., 2023) stabilized clay soil with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% oil palm bunch ash
(ATJS), and 10% cement. The maximum increase in ATKS variation of 20% and cement
10% increases the shear angle value. This study concluded that the shear strength value
of clay was stable with an increasing percentage of variation in oil palm bunch ash and
cement.
In this study, the maximum result of the CBR test of soaking in Parit Village with
a curing period of 7 days was at a variation of 5%, which is 4.68%. For Lorok Village,
the most significant result was obtained: a 14-day curing period, a 25% variation of
4.76%. The CBR value obtained in this study is 3%-5% (normal) if used for subgrade
strength with compaction conditions depending on the road category.
Conclusion
The conclusions obtained from this study are described as follows: The results of
soil properties testing on native peatland are the moisture content ( ) of Parit Village of
226.39% and Lorok Village of 252.39%. The specific gravity (Gs) result of Parit Village
was 0.91, and Lorok Village was 0.89. Furthermore, the fiber content (FC) test results in
Parit Village were 25.18% and Lorok Village 28.01%. Organic content (OC) of Parit
Village with a value of 69.32%. Meanwhile, Lorok Village obtained an organic content
value of 74.41%. Furthermore, the ash content (AC) test results in Parit Village obtained
an ash content value of 83.57%. Meanwhile, Lorok Village obtained an ash content value
of 19.46%. The Acidity Degree (pH) test results showed that Parit Village obtained 4.32,
while Lorok Village obtained 3.57. From the results of soil properties on the original
peatland from 2 locations, peatland is classified as fibrous peatland. The results of the
Standard Soil Compaction (PTS) test of Parit Village, the ωopt value was 23.80%, and
the γdmax value was 0.90 gr/cm3. And from Lorok Village, the ωopt value was 18.33%,
along with a γdmax value of 0.91 gr/cm3. The results of the CBR value obtained at
0.1inch penetration in Parit Village were 3.27% and 0.2 inches worth 4.60%. The results
of the CBR value obtained at 0.1inch penetration in Lorok Village were 3.15%, and 0.2
inches were worth 4.16%.
Stabilization of Fibrous Peat Soils with Addition Palm Shell Ash Waste
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 3003
The results of the CBR test of the immersion with the curing period were obtained,
and the longer the curing period, the higher the increased CBR value of the immersion.
The increase in CBR value is influenced by ions from palm shell ash waste binding
together into fibrous peat soil particles. Parit Village obtained the most significant result,
4.66%, in the variation of 5% of the 0-day curing period. For the 14-day curing period,
the most considerable yield was found in the 5% variation, 4.65%. The most important
result was obtained during the 7-day curing period when the variation was 5%, which was
4.68%. Meanwhile, judging from the 0-day curing period, Lorok Village obtained the
most significant result, 4.7% in the 10% variation. The most considerable yield for the
7-day curing period is found in the 25% variation, 4.68%. The most significant result
was obtained during the 14-day curing period when the variation was 25%, which was
4.76%. The CBR value obtained in this study is 3%-5% (normal) if used for subgrade
strength with compaction conditions depending on the road category. The results of the
percentage change in the CBR value for Parit Village were obtained with the maximum
change value from the 14-day curing period at the percentage variation of 10%, which
was 87.67%. In comparison, the lowest CBR change value was found in the 5% variation
every 0-day curing period, which was 16.21%. As for Lorok Village, the result of the
maximum change from the 14-day curing period was shown at the percentage variation
of 10%, which was 85.65%, while the lowest CBR change value was found in the
variation of 5% every 0-day curing period, which was 14.19%.
Deli Oktopani, Yulindasari Sutejo, Febrian Hadinata
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 3004
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