p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254
Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, Juny 2024 2861
Design and Build Noise and CO2 Control Devices in IOT
(Internet of Things) Based Libraries
Abdullah Ni’am
1*
, Denny Irawan
2
Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
1*
, [email protected]
2
*Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Keywords: KY-037,
Carbon Dioxide, MQ135,
ESP32, PAM8403,
DFPlayer Mini, Speaker,
Internet of Things, Web
Server.
The library is a source of knowledge, information, and
support for learning. It is equipped with facilities to support
comfort and maintain concentration while carrying out
activities in the library. For human resources to progress
further, libraries must be made as comfortable as possible to
support learning. This study aims to design a noise and CO2
control device in an IOT (Internet of Things) based library
by using 4 sound sensors KY-037 to detect noise and 1 MQ-
135 sensor to detect CO2 gas. This research method uses a
literature review study. The noise and CO2 control device in
the IOT (Internet Of Things) based library has been
completed and can work as planned, the accuracy obtained
from the KY-037 sound sensor is quite high, which is 97.6%.
However, the good thing is that if the sensor accuracy is
improved again, the accuracy obtained from the MQ-135
sound sensor is also quite high, which is 99.16%. Conclusion
If the accuracy of the sensor is improved again, the web
server runs smoothly using AJAX (Asynchronous et al.) so
that the resulting website does not need to load the entire
page and the ESP32 as a microcontroller can control the
entire system well.
Introduction
The library plays a very important role as a source of information and learning,
equipped with facilities to support comfort and maintain concentration in carrying out
activities in the library (Syaifah, Nugroho, & Aditya, 2023). Many activities can be done
in the library, such as reading, studying, and group work. However, several factors,
including noise and CO2 levels, can cause discomfort and reduced concentration in the
library (Hartono & Hendrawan, 2020).
Noise is a distracting sound or sound from an activity that is not expected to be
heard because it can impair comfort and concentration (Suardho, Ishak, & Yakub, 2021).
Noise in the library can be caused by several activities, such as chatting too loudly and
joking. By the Decree of the Minister of State for the Environment KEP-
Abdullah Ni’am, Denny Irawan
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2862
48/MENLH/11/1996, regarding the recommended quality standard of the library noise
level of 55 dB(A) (Amarta, Putrada, & Swastika, 2019).
Air is a very important natural resource to carry out life for living things on Earth
(Azzahrah, 2022). Air quality, especially the amount of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the
library, is very important for the health and comfort of library visitors. CO2 is invisible
and odorous; inhaling too much can cause weakness, dizziness, and difficulty breathing.
A good indoor CO2 level limit is 350 ppm (Sirait, Pakpahan, & Naibaho, 2023).
If many people gather in the library for a long time and do activities, then CO2 will
increase. The increase in CO2 levels in the library results in discomfort for library visitors
who carry out activities and can interfere with health (Sirait et al., 2023).
In this study, the aim is to design a noise and CO2 control device in an IOT (Internet
of Things) based library by using 4 KY-037 sound sensors to detect noise and 1 MQ-135
sensor to detect CO2 gas (Rombang, Setyawan, & Dewantoro, 2022). 4 sound sensors
will be placed at points in the library room that have the potential to generate noise. The
readings of the five sensors are processed through the ESP32 (Auliq & Zamroni, 2021).
The sensor readings are displayed on the web server. Inside the web server, there are
sensor readings, a 3-level noise level indicator (normal, noisy, and too noisy), a 3-level
CO2 level indicator (good air quality, poor air quality, and poor air quality), and a manual
warning button to output a noise warning sound from the speaker. If any sound sensor
detects the presence of noise > 55db or the manual warning button is pressed, it will emit
a noise warning sound from the speaker as a warning (Akbar, Zaenudin, Mutaqin, &
Samsumar, 2022). There is an LCD near the library entrance to display CO2 levels and
limit people from entering if CO2 levels exceed the limit. If the CO2 level < 350 ppm,
then the LCDs "PLEASE ENTER". If the CO2 level is >= 350 ppm, then the LCDs "NO
ENTRY" because the air in the room is not good. LCD limits people entering when CO2
levels >= 350 ppm so that CO2 levels can drop and air quality improves.
Method
This research has five stages: the first is a literature study, the second is design and
manufacturing, the third is tool testing, the fourth is data collection and analysis, and the
fifth is results and conclusions.
Design and Build Noise and CO2 Control Devices in IOT (Internet of Things) Based Libraries
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2863
Figure 1. Flowchart of research methods
System Planning
Figure 2. Diagram blocks
The ESP32 and the device used to access the website must be connected using the
same wifi network because it uses a local network in this study. The sensors used are five
pieces, namely 4 KY-037 sensors, which are used to detect sounds that will be installed
at points in the library room that have the potential to cause noise, and also 1 MQ-135
sensor, which is used to detect carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Then, the data will be processed
by ESP32. Then, it produces outputs like Web Server, LCD, and Speaker sound generated
from DFPlayer Mini and amplified by PAM8403. The Web Server is used to display the
data of each sensor with three levels of indicators. Inside the Web Server, a manual
warning button is used to turn on the speaker's warning sound. An LCD will be placed
Abdullah Ni’am, Denny Irawan
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2864
near the entrance of the library. LCD to display CO2 levels and descriptions can enter the
library or not.
Hardware Design
The following is a wiring diagram used in this study.
Figure 3 Wiring Diagram
System Workflow Design
The flowchart will explain the system's workflow.
Design and Build Noise and CO2 Control Devices in IOT (Internet of Things) Based Libraries
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2865
Figure 4. System workflow flowchart
1. Start the system.
2. Connecting to wifi
3. The process of monitoring four KY-037 sensors on the Web Server with three levels
of each sensor (normal, noisy, and too noisy) and one MQ-135 sensor on the Web
Server with three levels (good air quality, poor air quality, and poor air quality) and
displaying CO2 levels on the LCD.
4. If the manual warning button is pressed, the ESP32 will process and command the
DFPlayer Mini to play an amplified alert sound through the PAM8043 so that the
speaker lights up, providing a warning sound to visitors to calm down and maintain
comfort in the library.
5. If the KY-037 sensor is <=55db, then the Web Server displays normal Noise on the
detecting sensor.
6. If the KY-037 sensor is >= 56dB and = 69dB, then the Web Server displays Noise on
the detected sensor. The ESP32 will process and command the DFPlayer Mini to play
an amplified warning sound through the PAM8043 so that the speaker lights up to
provide a warning sound to visitors to calm down and maintain comfort in the library.
7. If the KY-037 sensor is >= 70dB, then the Web Server displays Too Noise on the
detected sensor. The ESP32 will process and command the DFPlayer Mini to play an
amplified warning sound through the PAM8043 so that the speaker lights up,
providing a warning sound to visitors to calm down and maintain comfort in the
library.
8. If the MQ-135 sensor is <350ppm, then the Web Server displays Good air quality, and
the LCD "PLEASE COME IN".
9. If the MQ-135 sensor is >=350ppm and >= 400ppm, then the Web Server displays that
the air quality is not good, and the LCDs "DO NOT ENTER."
10. If the MQ-135 sensor is >400ppm, the Web Server displays the poor air quality LCD
displaying "PROHIBITED ENTRY".
11. Finish.
Results and Discussion
After the tool has been made, several tests and measurements are carried out to find
out the capabilities of the system that has been made.
Abdullah Ni’am, Denny Irawan
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2866
Web Server Testing
The Web Server test was successful on mobile devices, laptops, computers, etc. On
the Web Server, the value of each sensor is displayed along with indicators or level
descriptions (Husnira & Rivaldi, 2023). The levels on each sensor amount to 3 levels. On
the web server, there is also a Manual Warning Button that functions to turn on the sound
from the speaker. The Manual Alert button also works well.
Figure 6. Web Server View
LCD Display Testing
Design and Build Noise and CO2 Control Devices in IOT (Internet of Things) Based Libraries
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2867
The LCD placed near the library's entrance displays the CO2 level along with a
description of whether the library can enter. This test is carried out by closing or opening
the air circulation and turning off or turning on the air conditioner so that the CO2 level
value and its description change. The tests performed on the LCD were successful.
Figure 7. LCD Testing 1
Figure 8 LCD Testing 2
Measurement of comparison of KY-037 sensor with Sound Level Meter
Before the KY-037 data collection, the KY-037 must be calibrated to obtain
accurate measurement data results. The method used is linear regression, where this
statistical method is useful for comparing sensor output with linear characteristics to
standard values. After calibrating the KY-037 sensor, measurements and data collection
were carried out to find the accuracy level value of the KY-037 sound sensor, it is done
by comparing the measured values of the Sound Level Meter and KY-037, and then the
percentage error value (%Error) is obtained with the formula:
No
Sound Level Meter
(dB)
KY-037 Sound Sensor
(dB)
%Error
1
35.3
36
1.98
2
40.5
42
3.70
3
47.9
49
2.29
4
54.2
55
1.47
5
58.4
60
2.73
6
65.9
68
3.18
7
69.8
71
1.71
Abdullah Ni’am, Denny Irawan
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2868
8
77.9
80
2.69
9
84.1
86
2.25
10
90.2
92
1.99
The average percentage error value of the KY-037 sensor from the ten
measurements was 2.4%. So the accuracy value of the KY-037 sensor is 100% - 2.4% =
97.6%.
Measurement of the MQ-135 sensor compared to the CO2 Analyzer
Before MQ-135 data collection, MQ-135 calibration must be carried out to obtain
accurate measurement data results. The method used is linear regression, where this
statistical method is useful for comparing sensor output with linear characteristics to
standard values. After calibrating the MQ-135 sensor, measurements and data collection
were carried out to find the value of the accuracy level of the MQ-135 sensor, so it is done
by comparing the measured values from the CO2 Analyzer and MQ-135, then the
percentage error value (%Error) is obtained with the formula:
No
CO2 Analyzer
(ppm)
Sensor MQ-135
(ppm)
%Error
1
302
305
0.99
2
299
302
1.00
3
320
325
1.56
4
335
336
0.29
5
312
314
0.64
6
354
355
0.28
7
337
340
0.89
8
375
377
0.53
9
367
371
1.08
10
342
346
1.16
From the ten measurements taken, the average percentage error value of the MQ-
135 sensor was 0.84%. So the accuracy value of the MQ-135 sensor is 100% - 0.84% =
99.16% (Nizam, Yuana, & Wulansari, 2022).
Overall testing
The overall testing of the tool was carried out by conducting experiments using ten
conditions.
No
KY-037
B(dB)
KY-037
C(dB)
KY-037
D(dB)
MQ-
135
(ppm)
Manual
Warning
Button
Web
Server
LCD
Speaker
1
47
50
49
317
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Mati
2
50
59
53
346
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Nyala
3
45
52
51
339
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Mati
4
53
49
50
365
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Mati
5
47
50
52
328
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Mati
6
55
48
50
312
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Nyala
7
48
51
52
320
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Mati
Design and Build Noise and CO2 Control Devices in IOT (Internet of Things) Based Libraries
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2869
8
52
54
48
370
dit kan
Appropriate
Appropriate
Nyala
9
50
46
47
345
Unpressed
Appropriate
Appropriate
Mati
10
46
50
52
336
dit kan
Appropriate
Appropriate
Nyala
Conclusion
From the results of the tests that have been carried out, several conclusions are
obtained, namely: The noise and CO2 control device in the IOT (Internet Of Things)
based library has been completed and can work as planned, the accuracy obtained from
the KY-037 sound sensor is quite high, which is 97.6%. However, the good thing is that
if the sensor accuracy is improved again, the accuracy obtained from the MQ-135 sound
sensor is also quite high, at 99.16%. However, the good thing is that if the accuracy of
the sensor is improved again, the web server runs smoothly using AJAX, so that the
resulting website does not need to load the entire page, and ESP32 as a microcontroller
can control the entire system well.
Abdullah Ni’am, Denny Irawan
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 2870
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