p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 5 Mei 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2355

Turnover intention, job satisfaction and workload in ship

crew workers: a systematic literature review

Her Fin

, Christian Harito

, Cipto Purwanto

Industrial Engineering Department, BINUS Graduate Program–Master of Industrial

Engineering, Bina Nusantara University Jakarta, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

, [email protected]

[email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

Keywords: turnover

intention, job satisfaction,

workload, Ship Crew,

systematic literature

review.

Turnover is an activity that harms company operations.

Turnover is related to job satisfaction, which is influenced

by the level of workload balance. Based on this relationship,

the company must formulate a strategy for the factors

influencing these three aspects. Previous research has

explored influencing factors regarding turnover, job

satisfaction, workload, a combination of two variables, or

involving all three variables. Previous research has involved

these three variables, but the recommendations from

previous research still need to be more optimal (turnover still

occurs). Therefore, researchers need to analyze gaps and

trends from previous research. This will help future research

to develop more optimal strategies. Gap and trend analysis

in this study used a systematic literature review (SLR) with

the PRISMA reporting method. Search results through the

SCOPUS database produced seventeen articles. The results

of the SLR analysis show that most research was conducted

in Africa, oriented to the health sector, and used qualitative

methods.

Introduction

Turnover is an activity that harms company operations. Turnover is related to job

satisfaction, which is influenced by the level of workload balance. Based on this

relationship, the company must formulate a strategy for the factors influencing these three

aspects. Previous research has explored influencing factors regarding turnover, job

satisfaction, workload, a combination of two variables, or involving all three variables

(Allen, Bryant, & Vardaman, 2010). Studies that explore the factors that influence

turnover intention, job satisfaction, and workload in ship crew workers are an essential

focus in the maritime world. These factors significantly impact the psychological and

physical well-being of workers on ships and potentially impact the overall performance

and safety of ship operations. Factors such as (1) distance from home, (2) work pressure,

Her Fin, Christian Harito, Cipto Purwanto

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2356

and (3) unique work environment are related to turnover intention, job satisfaction, and

workload in ship crew workers (Ke, Zhou, & Zhu, 2019).

Research topics regarding turnover intention, job satisfaction, and workload among ship

crew workers significantly impact the company's strategy development process. Although

several studies have highlighted this topic, there are still several gaps that can fill the gaps

in previous research (Zhang et al., 2021). The gap is an opportunity for academics to carry

out more comprehensive research. Identifying gaps in the literature can provide a

foundation for further research that can improve understanding of the factors that

influence workers' decisions to stay in a job, their level of satisfaction, and the impact of

workload on performance and well-being (Gu et al., 2020). Therefore, this research aims

to identify gaps regarding turnover intention, job satisfaction, and workload.

Research Methods

Figure 1 shows the general procedure of this research. A standard definition of

systematic literature review (SLR) shows that SLR aims to compile several previous

studies to answer a research question. There are several SLR methods: (1) Search,

Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis framework and develop (PSALSAR) framework; (2)

Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis (SALSA); and (3) Population, Intervention,

Comparison, Outcome, and Context (PICOC) framework (Mengist et al., 2020). At the

stage of reporting SLR results, there are two methods, namely (1) Preferred Reporting

Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and (2) Reporting standards

for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES). The general steps in the systematic

literature review in this research refer to Xiao & Watson (2019). The general procedure

for this research is shown in Figure X (Xiao & Watson, 2019).

Figure 1. General Procedure of Literature Review

Turnover intention, job satisfaction and workload in ship crew workers: a systematic literature

review

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2357

Detail of the procedure for this research:

Step 1- Planning the review

This stage includes two processes, namely (1) creating problem formulation and (2)

developing and validating review protocol. At this stage, the researcher formulates

research questions and the type of publication that will be used. Referring to previous

research, the research questions in this article:

RQ1: What research topics were selected by researchers for job satisfaction, workload,

and turnover intention?

RQ2: What type of industry is often the subject of research on job satisfaction, workload

and turnover intention?

RQ3: What methods and data collection techniques are the most used for job satisfaction,

workload and turnover intention?

This research will use research articles (not conference papers) that have been published

(not articles in press).

Fig.2 Review protocol

Based on the search string “( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( job AND satisfaction ) OR

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( job AND performance ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( workload ) AND

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( turnover ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( employee ) ) AND PUBYEAR

> 2014 AND PUBYEAR < 2024 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE, "English" ) ) AND

( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE, "ar" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( PUBSTAGE, "final" ) ) AND (

LIMIT-TO ( OA, "all" ) )”, researcher found 23 initial articles.

Step 2- Conducting the review

Search results for keywords in the Scopus database show 23 articles containing job

satisfaction, job performance, workload and turnover intention. 23 This article underwent

an initial screening stage by assessing the suitability of the abstract to the research

concept. Articles that pass the abstract screening stage will go through the complete text

Her Fin, Christian Harito, Cipto Purwanto

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2358

review stage. If, at this stage, the article is under the research concept, the researcher will

make a summary, analysis and synthesis of the data.

Step 3- Reporting the review

This research's SLR results will be reported using the PRISMA method. The stages

in the PRISMA method (reference for this research) are as follows in Table 1.

Table 1

Reporting the review

PRISMA

stage

Stage description

Identification

Record identified through Scopus

searching (N=38 article)

Publisher year limit to an

article that publishes on

2014-2023

2. Screening

Record screened article (N=24)

Excluded at this stage

1. Book or

conference N=9

2. Not in English

N=1

3. Cannot

download=3

3. Eligibility

Read the full-text article and then

assess for eligibility (N=21)

Exclusion criteria, with

reason(N=4)

1. Unappropriated

topics

4. Inclusion

Studies included (N=17)

Results and Discussion

Based on the literature study results, the number of articles in this review was 17.

The seventeen articles were obtained through an initial screening process by reviewing

the title and abstract and a second screening by reading the entire text. In summary, the

number of articles obtained from the search stage to the final review is shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Summary number of reviewed articles from each step

Initial

searching

(Scopus)

screenin

g -2

screening-

Final

article

Previous research search results include (Kokubun, Ino, & Ishimura, 2022);

(Ulupinar & Aydogan, 2021); (Boitet, Meese, Colón-López, Schwiebert, & Rogers,

2023); (Yusefi, Sharifi, Nasabi, Rezabeigi Davarani, & Bastani, 2022); (Lai et al., 2022);

(Alblihed & Alzghaibi, 2022); (Al-Khasawneh & Khadar, 2021); (Nursing et al., 2023);

(Fantahun, Dellie, Worku, & Debie, 2023); (Schneider et al., 2019); (Dagget, Molla, &

Belachew, 2016); (Akuffo et al., 2021)(Mere et al., 2023)(Hasebrook et al., 2023). Details

from each article can be viewed in Appendix 1.

Turnover intention, job satisfaction and workload in ship crew workers: a systematic literature

review

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2359

Fig.3 summarizes sectors that research turnover intention, job satisfaction, and

workload—reviewing published articles from 2014 to 2023 shows that most researchers

chose the health sector as their research object.

Fig 3 Research trend from the industry

Table 3 shows that, based on the method used, the majority used the cross-sectional

study method, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and SEM. These results indicate that most

analysis techniques are qualitative, so quantitative analysis techniques such as system

dynamics can be used.

Table 3

Research trends from the methods

Methods

Qty

Cross-sectional study

T-test ANOVA

SEM

Regression

PLS

Correlation

Path analysis

Descriptive statistics

Table 4 shows that most researchers in job satisfaction, turnover intention, and

workload choose African countries as objects. This data shows that research with objects

in other countries, such as Indonesia, still has a great opportunity to enrich this type of

research.

Table 4

Research trend from the object

Country

Qty

Country

Qty

China

South Africa

Ethiopia

South Korea

Ghana

Switzerland

Jordan

Taiwan

Poland

Turkey

Romania

Saudi Arabia

Proporsion based on industry

Healthcare Hotels Shipping SME Not specifict

Her Fin, Christian Harito, Cipto Purwanto

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2360

Based on the systematic literature review analysis that has been carried out, the

trend shows that most research from 2014 to 2023 focuses on the healthcare industry.

This trend spikes in the 2020-2021 period; this is related to the emergence of the COVID-

19 pandemic, which puts pressure on health sector workers, resulting in turnover

intention. Increase. The majority of previous research was conducted in developing

African countries; this is an opportunity to conduct research in other countries. In terms

of the research framework, the majority of previous researchers only focused on one or

two aspects, for example, focusing on factors that influence turnover intention, job

satisfaction, and workload only; factors that influence job satisfaction and turnover

intention; job satisfaction and workload; or turnover intention and workload. Developing

this research theme outside the health sector is an interesting development opportunity.

The majority of selected articles use the perspective of only one stakeholder (from the

management or employee side only) so that future research can also combine the points

of view of various stakeholders involved in workload design.

Conclusion

The results of the systematic literature review analysis show that articles discussing

turnover intention research topics, job satisfaction, and workload are still in demand; this

can be seen from the number of articles found from 2014 to 2023 (17 articles). Analysis

of factors and relationships between turnover intention, Job satisfaction, and workload

are the majority of research themes in African countries and take the health sector as an

object. Cross-section study and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) are widely used

methods. Future studies can develop previous research frameworks and apply them in

sectors other than the health sector. Examples of sectors that can be alternative future

research include the construction or maritime sectors (ports or sea shipping services).

Apart from that, using qualitative methods such as system dynamics is an option for future

research enrichment.

Turnover intention, job satisfaction and workload in ship crew workers: a systematic literature

review

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2361

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