p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 5 Mei 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2403

Analysis of the Use of Social Media as a Means of Spreading

Hate Speech

Talitha Bea Amanda

universitas Indonesia Depok, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Hate speech;

Regulation; Freedom of

speech.

Hate speech in Indonesian is hate speech that cannot be

precisely defined. In its definition, social media is a platform

used freely without pay or binding regulations. This freedom

allows individuals constrained by the rules to voice their

opinions through social media. Hate speech can target

anyone indiscriminately. Victims of hate speech not only

experience defamation but also get psychological injuries

that can lead to death. There must be a binding battle for

individuals who express their opinions too freely on existing

platforms and have no legal provisions. Cooperation

between nations is needed in the suppression of hate speech.

Introduction

In social society, individuals interact with each other, and one way is to talk; with

the development of technology now, the way individuals interact is increasingly diverse,

one of which is through social media (Christina & Widayatmoko, 2017).

Social media lets us get acquainted with new people in one city and even different

countries. Interestingly, we can interact indirectly with individuals who may have been

considered impossible in the past because of different countries. We can get acquainted

using real names or pseudonyms (Rohmiyati, 2018).

When interacting with social media, using an individual pseudonym can be anyone,

such as a man who introduces himself as a woman, whether older or younger, making it

easy for him to express his opinion without knowing his true identity (Astuti, 2019).

Expressing opinions on what we want or believe is internationally and domestically

protected by law. Sometimes, the right to freedom of expression is misused as self-

protection against the justification for writing hate speech (Farwati et al., 2023).

Hate speech, if interpreted in Indonesian as hate speech, is a social phenomenon in

cyberspace through social media. Hate speech can trigger social conflicts, such as

violence caused by individuals exposed to and believing the hate speech (Mauliyah &

Putri, 2023).

If social media is used wisely, it will be a place to pray and add new information.

However, this beneficial media is used to spread hate speech, so a more profound study

is needed about the protection of the right to express opinions through social media

without causing provocation that leads to violence or even death (Putra, 2017).

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2404

Here, I will raise two examples of hate speech cases, the first in Indonesia and the

second abroad, in South Korea (Anggraini & Hastuti, 2023). These two cases have

something in common, namely that both subjects are targeted by hate speech, which can

damage the good name and cause a psychological impact on the recipient of the hate

speech. Hate speech and biases spread quickly through social media (Rahmat, 2018).

Problem Statement

1. How does social media become a means to communicate?

2. How can we use social media as a medium for spreading hate speech?

3. What impact does the subject receiving hate speech receive?

Research Methods

I am using the assessment method, using articles from the internet and literature

derived from or available on journal pages.

Results and Discussion

Social media is becoming a means to communicate.

Based on its definition, social media is a communication medium that can be used

in various fields.

In the business world, social media is used for product marketing, brand promotion,

and communicating with buyers to get feedback and develop new businesses. Social

media is also often used as a source of buyers, tendencies of buyer desires and market

trends. Social media is usually used as a popular social media platform.

Many social media platforms can be used; below are examples of well-known social

media platforms and the reasons why these platforms are famous (Hejase et al., 2020):

1. Facebook: Free social media, Facebook users can create profiles about themselves,

upload photos and videos, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family, and

co-workers

2. Twitter is a free microblogging service. Users can broadcast short messages by posting

them on a Twitter page called Tweets and broadcasting their tweets to various

platforms and devices.

3. Wikipedia: a free-based encyclopedia created by various groups called Wikipedians.

Anyone can register on this platform and create articles for free. However, applicants

are not required to edit articles on Wikipedia

4. LinkedIn is a social media platform formed specifically for the benefit of the business

community. LinkedIn users can form and establish job networks of people who can be

trusted professionally

5. Reddit: social media intended to obtain and share information. Reddit communities are

referred to as "subreddits." Each subreddit has a specific topic, such as technology,

politics or music. Known as "Redditors," Redditors write content chosen by other

members. The purpose of Reddit is to provide stories that readers can rate well.

Analysis of the Use of Social Media as a Means of Spreading Hate Speech

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2405

6. Pinterest is a curated social website for sharing and categorising images found online.

Pinterest only requires a short description but can still focus on the image of interest

by clicking on the desired image and then taking the user to the source where the image

originated. For example, by clicking on a picture of a pair of shoes, the user will be

directed to a page to purchase these shoes.

It can be seen that by using social media platforms that are easily accessible, it is

easier for individuals to communicate with each other just by clicking on the platform,

which then directly interacts with other individuals, such as meeting business needs or

communicating with friends, family, and co-workers.

Use of social media as a medium for spreading hate speech

The development of technology allows many people to access social media

networks quickly. As defined above, social media is one such tool in doing business. The

well-known platforms mentioned above have in common the freedom to write down what

is believed to be the individual's beliefs.

Policies used to curb hate speech minimise freedom of speech and often use

violence (Laub, 2019).

It is no wonder that people turn to social media, where the original purpose was as

a communication tool, becoming the place where hate speech is most commonly found

because it is on these platforms that individuals can freely express their opinions, no

matter who is affected. They are protected by the anonymity they use when doing hate

speech.

What impact does the subject receiving hate speech have?

Hate speech directed at President Jokowi

Hate speech against the No. 1 person in Indonesia has been very frequent; attacks

using foul language fill social media quickly. Hate speech directed at Mr Jokowi still

occurs today; as an example of a case reported on March 19-March 2020, a 25-year-old

MHP student became a suspect of hate speech against Indonesian President Jokowi

through his social media. "Criminal suspects intentionally and without rights disseminate

information to cause hatred or hostility of MHP's initials," said Head of Public Relations

of Central Java Regional Police, Kombes Pol Iskandar Fitriana when confirmed

CNNIndonesia.com, Thursday (19/3).

The case began when MHP, through its personal Instagram account, @_belummati,

commented on President Joko Widodo's tweet about investment. Therefore, this

@_belummati took a picture of Jokowi's tweet and reuploaded it to his personal Instagram

account with the phrase, "I do not know what is the sin of the Indonesian people to have

a cursed president like Jokowi".

The impact of hate speech

The large number of social media users who follow @_belummati's Instagram

account can lead public opinion against Indonesian President Jokowi; this allows a wave

of anger from the people consumed by these opinions and commit violence against the

government led by Indonesian President Jokowi.

Hate speech directed at one of South Korea's idols, Sulli

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Sulli, whose real name is Choi Jin Ri, is a former idol from one of the famous

Korean groups, f(x). Sulli, who has been in the South Korean entertainment industry since

childhood, often gets hate speech for not following the norms adopted by Korean people.

In addition to hate speech, the pressure she received since she was young when she trained

to become an idol

Sulli often gets hate speech because of her habit of not wearing a bra when wearing

a shirt, her love scandal, or drinking with her friends.

Sulli's habits are, of course, supposed to be personal, but because she is an idol, it

is impossible for her personal life not to be highlighted by the media and seen by the

public.

After a long time as an idol, Sulli decided to quit the idol world and switch to

becoming an actor, but the hate speech she received did not stop; the hate speech

continued to flow through social media.

The impact of hate speech

Sulli, who has been under pressure to become an idol since she was young and

receives hate speech constantly even though she has stopped being an idol, suffers from

severe depression. So, in October 2019, Sulli decided to take her own life; Sulli was found

in her apartment by her manager after being unable to be contacted.

Prevention Efforts

By Government

The Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information Technology has

activated a hoax crawling engine or harmful content on the internet. Director General of

Information Applications of Communication and Information Samuel Abrijani

Pangerapan said, "This machine effectively identifies negative content. It is said that

negative content can be seen from most of the impact and the level of virality in the cyber

world."

"Once scavenged, this engine can provide results in the form of URLs or links that

can be millions and immediately classify. Workingly, this machine will be more effective

and efficient in terms of time and volume to filter out negative content," Samuel said

when testing AIS at the Kominfo War Room, Jakarta, recently.

This engine can crawl for 5-10 minutes at one time, generating millions of content,

which is then reduced again based on the number of visits and the potential virality of the

content. In its tests, a machine called AIS managed to find 120,000 porn sites from

1,200,000 crawled sites in Indonesia in just three days. "In fact, for several years, the

government has only been able to eliminate 700,000 banned sites," Samuel explained.

AIS works if it finds harmful content that violates the rules. The verifier team marks

the submission (screen capture) and then submits it to the executor team for follow-up.

Within reach of AIS speak, Komifo has collaborated with social media services

such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, Line, Bigo and Google. "But it is different; if

harmful content is posted on a news portal, then according to press law, the portal's owner

can clarify the news first.

Analysis of the Use of Social Media as a Means of Spreading Hate Speech

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2407

AIS is not only used by Kominfo but can also be used by several other related

agencies, such as BNPT to carry out terrorist activities, OJK for fraudulent investment

activities, BNN to track drug activities, BPOM to track illegal drug trade activities, the

Police, and any party mandated to maintain state unity (Kominfo, 2018).

By other organisational bodies

1. United Nations (UN)

2. Stepping up UN efforts to find the root causes of hate speech

3. Open the possibility of an effective UN response so the community can accept it.

By using the means:

1. Monitor and analyse hate speech

2. Looking for root causes, actors/individuals who perform hate speech activities

3. Providing support to victims of hate speech

4. Meeting with individuals who perform hate speech

5. Using new media (social media) and traditional media

6. Using technology to record and detect hate speech on the internet

7. Educate you on how to be protected from hate speech and not to do hate speech

8. Advocating for exciting ways to speak nicely to avoid using hate speech

Conclusion

One of the problems that occurs in the organisation of Kodam XVII / Cenderawasih

in human resources today is the competency gap between OAP and non-OAP Soldiers.

This problem is the impact of implementing affirmative action policies in soldier

recruitment over the past three years. Recruitment system reforms are a suitable solution

to the root of this problem. However, the affirmation policy has its own story, so those

recruited to be part of Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih soldiers need to be the focus of

attention. The fate of OAP Soldiers has become uncertain with the development of the

personnel system that demands adequate competence and is increasingly dynamic. Efforts

to develop the competence of OAP Soldiers have not been effective enough to eliminate

the competency gap, so reforms to this sub-system need to be carried out immediately

within Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih.

This OAP soldier competency development reform strategy uses a comprehensive

approach that considers timeliness and the existence of solid leadership character within

Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih itself. The strategy adopts an integrated competency

development model combined with a career development model that involves individuals

planning their personal and career development. This is necessary to increase the

motivation of OAP Soldiers to continue to develop and improve their competence to

compete fairly in the merit system, which will be a guideline for the country's civil service

system in the future. Especially with the ASN Bill passed by the House of Representatives

of the Republic of Indonesia, which provides openness for career mobility of both civil

servants and TNI / Polri so that it demands adequate competence and can compete.

Today's use of social media with advanced technology can no longer be prevented. The

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2408

problem with social media is freedom of opinion, which the community does not use

wisely.

Hate speech against someone can not only damage the image of that person but can

also cause riots, as Mr Jokowi, who is the head of the Indonesian government but is the

target of hate speech, can lead public opinion to the President of the Republic of Indonesia

as an individual who is not worthy of being a leader so that in the form of protests the

community can riot so that their voices are heard. In addition to defamation, victims of

hate speech targets can also become depressed, such as in the case of Sulli above, who

felt that she was no longer able to accept endless hate speech, so she decided to commit

suicide.

Prevention carried out nationally and internationally uses an approach that can

prevent hate speech, both circulating in the community and not circulating, by

approaching it through education.

Analysis of the Use of Social Media as a Means of Spreading Hate Speech

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 5, Mei 2024 2409

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