p–ISSN: 2723 - 6609 e-ISSN: 2745-5254

Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 http://jist.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2943

The concept of Javanese cultural locality that influences the

design of the Aerotropolis Hotel Yogyakarta International

Airport

Kenneth Nathalio Alexander

, Hartanto Budiyuwono

, Baskoro Tedjo

Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

*Correspondence

ABSTRACT

The government has plans to build an Aerotropolis area, a

city with an airport-centered infrastructure and economic

topology to support local economic progress at Yogyakarta

International Airport, Kulon Progo. The potential for rapid

airport traffic means that the planned hotel development can

be a facility for postponing plane departure schedules due to

certain circumstances such as bad weather (incidental).

Hotel development is implemented using a Javanese cultural

locality approach which revives the atmosphere of

traditional elements by creating local building shapes and

patterns. So the issues raised are the concept of locality and

the concept of hotel design. This research uses qualitative

descriptive methods and analysis is carried out using theories

from the architectural anatomy approach and the Javanese

cultural locality approach. The result is that there are five

aspects of architectural anatomy and three cultural forms that

influence the locality of Javanese culture. The anatomical

aspects of architecture are the environmental scope, site

scope, building scope, form scope, and material scope, while

the aspects of cultural form are the form of ideas, activities,

and artefacts. Five architectural concept criteria were

produced, namely the concept of an imaginary mountain-sea

axis, Kiblat Papat Kalima Pancer, Javanese architectural

buildings, Kawung batik ornaments, and local materials

aimed at giving the impression of a building that is integrated

with the area and still preserves Javanese culture.

Keywords: Hotel Design;

Locality; Javanese

Culture; Yogyakarta

Introduction

The easing of COVID-19 pandemic cases has significantly increased the movement

visits to Yogyakarta. The number of visits increased by 24.88 per cent. The total number

of foreign tourist visits from January to February 2023 was 8,732 people (Cindy Dwi,

2023). This certainly affects the development of air transportation which is busy again,

especially at Yogyakarta International Airport, Kulon Progo.

Kenneth Nathalio Alexander, Hartanto Budiyuwono, Baskoro Tedjo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2944

Figure 1. Kulon Progo Aerotropolis City Masterplan

Sumber: jogjainvest.jogjaprov.go.id, 2024

The government has plans to build the Aerotropolis area here, which is a city with

a layout, infrastructure, and economy centred on the airport. Based on the Kulon Progo

Aerotropolis City master plan, there is an idea to make it easier for passengers and

encourage the development of regional infrastructure by developing lodging facilities

close to the airport, namely hotels (Persada & Octadynata, 2021). This hotel can be used

as a temporary resting place while waiting for departure hours or it can be called transit

in incidental conditions. Under normal conditions, people who visit hotels are not for

transit purposes but can also attend seminars or conventions.

Cultural Locality

Yogyakarta is one of the regions that is quite known for its culture that is still

maintained (DPMPTSP Kota Yogyakarta, 2023). The culture that is closely attached to

Yogyakarta is Javanese culture and has become a characteristic that marks the area. The

culture that is maintained can be seen from the social activities of the community, beliefs,

language, and historical relics, to the architectural style of the building (exterior, interior,

spatial layout). Many parts of the city are decorated with a touch of Javanese culture that

makes people remember the characteristics that exist. This is an attraction for tourists to

take a tourist trip to Yogyakarta (Mukminatun, 2010).

Seeing the development of increasingly advanced times makes an architectural style

continue to change (Ardiwidjaja, 2018). Many new buildings have grown with current

concepts that want to accommodate the development of activities and mindsets in society.

These concepts can influence the local architectural style in new buildings. This situation

can cause the loss of a characteristic that is an attraction to an area because local values

that are the attraction of a region cannot be maintained (Ardhian, Zakiyah, & Fauzi,

2023). Seeing these problems, the development of hotels at this airport is applied with a

Javanese Cultural locality approach. Architecture with a locality approach to Javanese

culture revives the atmosphere of traditional elements by creating the shapes and patterns

of local buildings into new building designs (Nandang, 2010).

The concept of Javanese cultural locality that influences the design of the Aerotropolis Hotel

Yogyakarta International Airport

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2945

Research Methods

This study uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. The qualitative

descriptive method emphasizes the description and analysis of the situation in the field

specifically and in-depth. The first thing that is done is to collect and conduct literature

studies that discuss hotels, architecture related to Javanese culture, and rules in

architecture. After understanding the theories and requirements, the next step is to observe

and document the research object.

The focus of the research is on the design of hotels in the metropolis area of the

international airport. The architectural concept of Yogyakarta International Airport and

the locality of Javanese Culture are revealed through the theory of architectural anatomy.

Architectural anatomy helps to read architecture as well as can be used to design

architecture (Salura, 2018). The place is in the Yogyakarta International Airport Area in

Temon District, Kulon Progo Regency, D. I. Yogyakarta. The region is still starting

infrastructure development to support international airport operations. There is an area of

11,000 m2 that has been planned in the city master plan The place is in the Yogyakarta

International Airport Area in Temon District, Kulon Progo Regency, D. I. Yogyakarta.

The region is still starting infrastructure development to support international airport

operations. There is an area of 11,000 m2 that has been planned in the City master plan.

Aerotropolis Kulon Progo is to be designed as a hotel with 4 stars.

Figure 2. Kulon Progo Aerotropolis Area Plan Block

Information:

4-star hotels

MICE

Garden

Retail

3-star hotels

Airport Parking Building

Airport Outdoor Parking

Airport Train Station

Airport Dropoff

Airport Terminal

Masjid Al- Akbar

Pedestrian Area

Kenneth Nathalio Alexander, Hartanto Budiyuwono, Baskoro Tedjo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2946

Results and Discussion

The Yogyakarta International Airport Aerotropolis Hotel as one of the

infrastructure and operational supporting facilities of Yogyakarta International Airport is

designed in line with the general concept of the airport. The design of the hotel is planned

by combining the technical and philosophical aspects of strong local cultural wisdom,

namely Javanese Culture. The application of design with Javanese cultural locality does

not leave the modern aspect as a step in the development of hotels that still adapt to the

development of the times. So the design obtained will still adjust to the development of

the times but the nuances of locality can still be felt.

Elements of Javanese Cultural Locality in Yogyakarta

Culture in each region has its conception that produces its characteristics. Cultural

values continue to be inherited from generation to generation in a social order. There is a

stigma in society that classifies regional cultural values with its distinctive characteristics

that distinguish it from other regions. Javanese culture grew and developed in the Java

area. This Javanese culture grew and developed, especially in the Central Java, East Java,

and D. I. Yogyakarta areas. The elements of Javanese cultural locality can be understood

through their forms, namely the form of ideas, the form of activities, and the form of

artefacts (Koentjaraningrat, 2009).

Wujud Ide

The form of an idea is abstract, and cannot be touched or photographed. Its location

is in the head or other words, in the minds of the citizens of the community where the

culture lives. In Javanese culture, ideas are manifested, for example, the Papat Qibla

Kalima Pancer, Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana, and Manunggaling Kawula and Gusti.

In human life, there is a philosophy of direction (qibla) that guides people so that

they do not go in the wrong direction, which is called the four qiblas of the five pancer

which means there are four corners and one in the middle. In this philosophy, the qibla of

the universe begins from the east (wetan) which means kawitan or beginning. In the order

of the universe, hamemayu swinging bawana can be interpreted as beautifying the state

of the world. This concept in Javanese culture is held by the Javanese people to create

harmonious conditions that are manifested in three things, namely harmony with the

entire universe and its contents with mutually respectful behaviour, maintaining

harmonious relationships between fellow living beings, whether humans, animals, or

plants, and uniting oneself to Almighty God to get clues to the truth (Aziz et al., n.d.).

Activity Form

The form of activity in Javanese culture is called the social system, regarding the

actions of humans themselves who have a certain pattern. This social system consists of

human activities that interact, relate, and associate with each other from second to second,

from day to day, and from year to year, always according to certain patterns based on the

customs of the code of conduct that indirectly have an understanding of each other in

society (Widyakusuma & Arief, 2023).

Wujud Artefak

The concept of Javanese cultural locality that influences the design of the Aerotropolis Hotel

Yogyakarta International Airport

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2947

The form of artefacts is a cultural form in the form of all physical results and

activities, deeds, and works of all humans in society. In Javanese culture, for example,

such as the Joglo House. In the concept of the Joglo house, there is a structure in the form

of four teachers or main pillars, in the Javanese concept the centralized arrangement that

surrounds four elements that are related in a single structure is a concrete form of Javanese

views on the four qiblas of the five dancers (Krisnawati, 2014). In this philosophy of

Jolgo's house, everything is always associated with the forces of nature, something

metaphysical that forms a balance.

The Yogyakarta region itself produces a culture in the form of artefacts in the form

of the Yogyakarta Palace. The Palace building is the beginning of the source of

Yogyakarta's regional planology which is full of symbols of life and human life.

Yogyakarta is based on the meaning of the philosophical axis between the Krapyak Stage

- Kraton - Tugu which forms a straight line (Priyono et al., 2015). Between these axes

stand buildings with the meaning of the human life process from birth to facing the

creator. The location of the Palace is regulated by the law of harmony between the macro

cosmos and the micro cosmos. Mount Merapi- Kraton- South Sea depicts an imaginary

axis that symbolizes the harmony and balance of the relationship between man and God,

man and man, and man and nature. This concept does not consider only its functional

aspects but the philosophy of the universe.

There is one of the buildings in the Yogyakarta Palace that can explain the Javanese

cultural values contained in traditional Javanese buildings and their meaning, namely the

Ponconiti Ward building. The position of the building is on the Philosophical axis which

is a representation of the microcosm, part of the macrocosm (imaginary axis). This

position has a meaning, namely maintaining the preservation of the human world in

harmony with the universe to achieve prosperity and peace (Suryono, 2020). This

Javanese cultural value is contained in the philosophy of Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana.

Overall, the architecture of the Yogyakarta Palace has almost the same building mass

shape as each other but has different dimensions and the number of elements that make

up the building. The explanation of one of the wards in the Yogyakarta Palace complex

provides a general understanding of the typology of the buildings in the Yogyakarta

Palace.

Aerotropolis Hotel with Javanese Cultural Locality Elements

Understanding architectural works begins with the anatomy of architecture which

serves as a guideline for reading and understanding a complete building starting from the

scope: the surrounding environment, site, building, shape, and material sources (Salura,

2018).

Environmental Scope

Kenneth Nathalio Alexander, Hartanto Budiyuwono, Baskoro Tedjo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2948

Figure 3. Satellite image of the Kulonprogo

Aerotropolis Area

Information:

1. 4-Star Hotel Site

2. Airport Terminal

3. Airport Parking Building

4. Access in and out of the area

Figure 4. Mass Arrangement of the

Yogyakarta Palace Building

Sumber: https://www.kratonjogja.id/tata-

rakiting/4-tata-ruang-dan-bangunan-

kawasan-inti-keraton-yogyakarta/ , 2024

In the scope of the environment, to produce the desired expression, attention must

be paid to the selection of the right location. The selection of this location should place

the position of the building that gives rise to the dominant expression of both the

composition, the building, and the orientation of the site. The mass and space arrangement

wants to reveal the essence of Javanese culture hamemayu swinging bawana where the

harmony of the universe is created. The spatial layout and building mass are arranged

linearly with an imaginary mountain-sea axis. The organization of the space uses a radial-

linear arrangement. The circulation room is central and surrounded by guest rooms

arranged linearly in groups.

Site Scope

Axis

The concept of Javanese cultural locality that influences the design of the Aerotropolis Hotel

Yogyakarta International Airport

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2949

Figure 5. Simulation of Qibla Orientation Design

in Hotel Buildings

Figure 6. Illustration of the Qibla

Direction

Source: Cultural Office D. I.

Yogyakarta, 2015

In the scope of the site, the architectural anatomy that must be considered is the

mass order of the building to create the exterior space inside the site. The desired

expression is generated from the size of the space and the quality of the space. The main

building in the hotel, namely the guest room, has a philosophy as a spirit that

communicates with his God while the supporting building can be analogized as an

accomplice. The building pattern is arranged based on the four cardinal corners where

there are east-west and north-south axes. This direction is called the four qiblas of the five

pancer which means there are four corners and one in the middle.

The receiving building at the hotel in the form of Drop Off and Lobby is the main

entrance gate for visitors into the hotel building. The atmosphere of hospitality is

displayed through the embodiment of a spatial layout that has a friendly and open

expression for anyone. This philosophy exists in traditional Javanese buildings, namely

the Joglo House. In the Joglo house, there is a room called pendapa which is usually used

for meeting and receiving guests. The position of this panda is in the front area of the

building and is public. Adaptation of this expression and form can be applied to the hotel

drop-off and lobby as a reception room for hotel visitors so that the value of local wisdom

of Javanese culture can be felt directly when visitors step into the hotel building for the

first time.

Building Scope

The concept of locality in Javanese culture can be found in the expression of

Javanese vernacular buildings such as joglo houses. Creating a Javanese vernacular

expression can be done by adapting the shape of the traditional building into a new

Utara

Timur

Barat

Selatan

Kenneth Nathalio Alexander, Hartanto Budiyuwono, Baskoro Tedjo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2950

building with different materials or constructions. The application of shape of the joglo

roof in hotel buildings can be applied by adapting the shape and material. This form also

has the value of the philosophy of keblat four kalima pancer where the pancer is the

middle part which if in making offerings, the Javanese people place the largest tumpeng

on the panger. The body of the building in the form of a scope wall in traditional Javanese

buildings has the property of being open in public spaces while closed in more private

spaces. The application to hotel buildings can be done by giving an open nature to spaces

that are public and more closed to private spaces. Public spaces such as the lobby,

restaurant, dropoff, and meeting area. A private space is the guest room. Public space also

prioritizes the direct relationship between the outer space and the inner space so that the

open expression of the building body is more shown.

Figure 7. Perspective Design Simulation

from the East

Figure 8. Yogyakarta Palace

Sumber:https://kebudayaan.jogjakota.go.i

d/page/index/kawasan-kraton, 2024

The foot of the building in traditional Javanese architecture has a raised floor level.

The height of this floor does not make the floor of the building like a stilt house. The

height is only 2-4 steps. The application of hotel building design can adapt the floor level

applied to this traditional Javanese architecture by providing a level of height starting

from the receiving building to the main building.

There is a dominant ornament at Yogyakarta International Airport, namely batik

applied to the roof of the terminal lobby area. The type of batik used is batik with a

kawung motif. The shape of the kawung batik is adapted into a roof structure in the form

of four oval circles that surround the circle. The design of the kawung batik motif used

has the Javanese cultural philosophy of manunggaling kawula Gusti / unity with God.

The concept of Javanese cultural locality that influences the design of the Aerotropolis Hotel

Yogyakarta International Airport

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2951

Figure 9. The Shape of Kawung Batik Ornaments at NYIA

Source: Personal Documentation, 2024

The embodiment of ornaments from batik kawung motifs can be used in hotel

designs that are applied to interior or exterior elements. On the exterior of the building,

the application of this ornament can be used on the façade of the building, while on the

interior of the building, it can be used on ceiling pattern ornaments and floor patterns.

With the use of these ornaments, the atmosphere created can be by the design of the

airport as the centre of the development of the city master plan of the metropolis.

Figure 10. Design simulation seen from the east (entrance)

Scope of Form

In the scope of shape, the architectural anatomy that is emphasized is the level of

openness and orderliness as well as the surface quality of the building covering elements.

This must be considered to support activities in the room. The expression produced inside

and outside the building is obtained from the openness and closeness of the enveloping

elements and the relationship between the interior space and the exterior space of the

building must be considered.

The scope wall in traditional Javanese buildings has the property of being open in

public spaces while closed in more private spaces. The application in hotel buildings is

carried out by providing a greater level of openness in public spaces and more closed in

Kenneth Nathalio Alexander, Hartanto Budiyuwono, Baskoro Tedjo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2952

private spaces. The application of this scope element can create an expression of the value

of ideas from Javanese Culture that are friendly and also.

Material Scope

The concept of material scope, the emphasis of architectural anatomy is on the

availability of all material sources used. The sustainability of the building will be

maintained if the materials and materials used come from the surrounding environment.

The use of local materials also gives a familiar impression to the community because they

already know and understand it.

Figure 11. Perspective Design Simulation from the North

Local materials in the environment around the hotel design area must be adapted to

the needs and capabilities to be used in hotel design. Local materials available in the

surrounding environment include bamboo, wood, and processed clay products such as

bricks and tiles. This material can be used for the design of walls, floors, ceilings, and

building facades. With this combination of local and modern materials, the resulting

building design will adjust to the contemporary style but still provide the atmosphere and

expression of the Javanese Culture locality.

Conclusion

The concept of Javanese cultural locality and the architecture of Yogyakarta

International Airport that influences the design of the Yogyakarta International Airport

Aerotropolis hotel exists in the architectural anatomy in the form of aspects of

environmental scope, site scope, building scope, shape scope, and material scope. From

this aspect, five criteria for architectural concepts were produced, namely the concept of

an imaginary axis of the mountain-sea, the qibla of the four dancers, Javanese

architectural buildings, knowing batik ornaments, and local materials aimed at giving the

The concept of Javanese cultural locality that influences the design of the Aerotropolis Hotel

Yogyakarta International Airport

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2953

impression of a building that blends with the area and still preserves Javanese culture.

These aspects and concepts are influential as a basis for producing guidelines for the

design of aerotropolis hotels with the Javanese Cultural locality approach.

Kenneth Nathalio Alexander, Hartanto Budiyuwono, Baskoro Tedjo

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, Vol. 5, No. 6 June 2024 2954

Bibliography

Ardhian, Dany, Zakiyah, Millatuz, & Fauzi, Nanang Bustanul. (2023). Pesan dan simbol

identitas dibalik kematian: Lanskap linguistik pada area publik tempat pemakaman

umum di kota Malang. LITERA, 22(1), 90–106.

Ardiwidjaja, Roby. (2018). Arkeowisata: Mengembangkan daya tarik pelestarian

warisan budaya. Deepublish.

Aziz, E. Aminudin, Amalia, Dora, Budiono, Satwiko, Yulianti, Santy, Jalbi, Itmam,

Nugroho, Mardi, & Erinita, Dwi Agus. (n.d.). Tim Ahli.

Cindy Dwi, Indriani. (2023). Pengaruh Harga Tiket, Fasilitas Dan Daya Tarik Terhadap

Kepuasan Wisatawan Di Pantai Pangandaran Provinsi Jawa Barat. UIN Prof. KH

Saifuddin Zuhri.

Krisnawati, Eny. (2014). Tinjauan Aspek Budaya Pada Pura Mangkunegaran Surakarta

Dalam Upaya Menggali Ide Konsep Rumah Tinggal Jawa. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Dan

Arsitektur, 15(19).

Mukminatun, Siti. (2010). Variasi Leksikal dalam Sinkretisme Budaya Jum’at Kliwonan

di Lingkungan Kerabat HB VII di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Penelitian

Humaniora, 15(1).

Nandang, Debagus. (2010). Persepsi Tren Arsitektur Bangunan Minimalis Pada Desain

Arsitektural Perumahan. Tatal, 6(1), 10–20.

Persada, Citra, & Octadynata, Andyzon. (2021). Pengembangan Jalur Wisata Heritage

di Kawasan Kota Tua Teluk Betung Selatan Kota Bandarlampung.

Salura, Purnama. (2018). The anatomy of architecture is based on the creation of space

for activity.

Suryono, Alwin. (2020). Struktur Arsitektur Bangsal Ponconiti Kraton Yogyakarta dan

Nilai Budaya Jawa.

Widyakusuma, Aryani, & Arief, Rismawan. (2023). Kajian Nilai Budaya Tradisi Pada

Arsitektur Bangunan Adat Jawa Bangsal Kencono Keraton Yogyakarta. TRAVE,

27(1), 1–11.